scholarly journals Adrenergic System Activation Mediates Changes in Cardiovascular and Psychomotoric Reactions in Young Individuals after Red Bull©Energy Drink Consumption

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cavka ◽  
Marko Stupin ◽  
Ana Panduric ◽  
Ana Plazibat ◽  
Anita Cosic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Catecholamine Levels ◽  
Red Bull

Objectives.To assess the effect of Red Bull©on (1) blood glucose and catecholamine levels, (2) cardiovascular and respiratory function changes before, during, and after exercise, (3) reaction time, (4) cognitive functions, and (5) response to mental stress test and emotions in young healthy individuals (N=38).Methods.Heart rate (HR) and arterial blood pressure (ABP), blood glucose, adrenaline, and noradrenalin plasma levels were measured before and after Red Bull©intake. Participants were subjected to 4 different study protocols by randomized order, before and 30 minutes after consumption of 500 mL of Red Bull©.Results.Mean ABP and HR were significantly increased at rest after Red Bull©intake. Blood glucose level and plasma catecholamine levels significantly increased after Red Bull©consumption. Heart rate, respiration rate, and respiratory flow rate were significantly increased during exercise after Red Bull©consumption compared to control condition. Intake of Red Bull©significantly improved reaction time, performance in immediate memory test, verbal fluency, and subject’s attention as well as performance in mental stress test.Conclusion.This study demonstrated that Red Bull©has beneficial effect on some cognitive functions and effect on cardiovascular and respiratory system at rest and during exercise by increasing activity of the sympathetic nervous system.

Heart rate and plasma catecholamines during 24 h of everyday life in trained and untrained men

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 2389-2395 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Dela ◽  
K. J. Mikines ◽  
M. Von Linstow ◽  
H. Galbo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Morbidity ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations ◽  
Catecholamine Levels

Physical training decreases resting heart rate as well as heart rate and catecholamine responses to ordinary physical activity and mental stress. These effects have been speculated to diminish cardiac morbidity. However, the sparing of heartbeats and catecholamine production might be outweighed by exaggerated responses during training sessions. To elucidate this issue, heart rate was measured continuously and plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured frequently during 24 h of ordinary living conditions in seven endurance-trained athletes (T) and eight sedentary or untrained (UT) young males. T subjects had lower heart rates than UT subjects during sleep and during nontraining awake periods. However, because of the increase during training, the total 24-h heartbeat number did not differ between groups (107,737 +/- 3,819 for T vs. 113,249 +/- 6,879 for UT, P = 0.731). Neither during sleep nor during awake nontraining periods were catecholamine levels lower in T than in UT subjects. Peak catecholamine levels during exercise in T were much higher than peak levels in UT subjects, and 24-h average epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were twice as high. We concluded that in highly trained athletes the total number of heartbeats per day is not decreased and the catecholamine production is, in fact, increased.

THE EFFECTS OF ACCLIMATION TEMPERATURE ON THE DYNAMICS OF CATECHOLAMINE RELEASE DURING ACUTE HYPOXIA IN THE RAINBOW TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS

1994 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Perry ◽  
S. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Catecholamine Release ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Catecholamine Levels

The response of cannulated rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to acute hypoxia was studied in fish acclimated to two temperatures (5 and 15 °C). Blood/water respiratory variables and plasma catecholamine levels were measured before and 15 min after exposure to hypoxic water varying between 4.0 and 10.7 kPa (30–80 mmHg) oxygen partial pressure (PwO2). Arterial blood PO2 (PaO2) and oxygen content (CaO2) fell during hypoxia in a similar manner at both temperatures, although the changes in CaO2 were often more pronounced in the fish acclimated to 15 °C. Regardless of acclimation temperature, plasma catecholamine levels were consistently elevated at PwO2 values below 8.0 kPa (60 mmHg); the largest increases in plasma catecholamine levels occurred below PwO2=5.3 kPa (40 mmHg). Adrenaline was the predominant catecholamine released into the circulation. Adrenaline was released at PwO2 values of 8.0 kPa or below, whereas noradrenaline was released at PwO2 values of 6.7 kPa or below. The construction of in vivo oxygen dissociation curves demonstrated an obvious effect of acclimation temperature on haemoglobin (Hb) oxygen-affinity; the P50 values at 15 °C and 5 °C were 3.6 kPa (26.7 mmHg) and 1.9 kPa (14.0 mmHg), respectively. At 15 °C, catecholamines were released into the circulation abruptly at a PaO2 threshold of 4.6 kPa (34.5 mmHg) while at 5 °C the catecholamine release threshold was lowered to 3.3 kPa (24.5 mmHg). The difference in the PaO2 catecholamine release thresholds was roughly equivalent to the difference in the P50 values at the two distinct temperatures. Catecholamine release thresholds, calculated on the basis of arterial blood oxygen-saturation (expressed as CaO2/[Hb]), were similar at both temperatures and were approximately equal to 53–55 % Hb O2-saturation. The results support the contention that the lowering of blood oxygen content/saturation rather than PO2 per se is the proximate stimulus/signal causing catecholamine release in rainbow trout during acute hypoxia.

scholarly journals No modulation of postprandial metabolism by transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation: a cross-over study in 15 healthy men

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Vosseler ◽  
Dongxing Zhao ◽  
Louise Fritsche ◽  
Rainer Lehmann ◽  
Konstantinos Kantartzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Catecholamine Levels

AbstractExperimental evidence suggests a crucial role of the autonomic nervous system in whole body metabolism with major regulatory effects of the parasympathetic branch in postprandial adaptation. However, the relative contribution of this mechanism is still not fully clear in humans. We therefore compared the effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS, Cerbomed Nemos) with sham stimulation during an oral glucose tolerance test in a randomized, single-blind, cross-over design in 15 healthy lean men. Stimulation was performed for 150 min, 30 min before and during the entire oral glucose tolerance test with stimulation cycles of 30 s of on-phase and 30 s of off-phase and a 25 Hz impulse. Heart rate variability and plasma catecholamine levels were assessed as proxies of autonomic tone in the periphery. Neither analyzed heart rate variability parameters nor plasma catecholamine levels were significantly different between the two conditions. Plasma glucose, insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion were also comparable between conditions. Thus, the applied taVNS device or protocol was unable to achieve significant effects on autonomic innervation in peripheral organs. Accordingly, glucose metabolism remained unaltered. Therefore, alternative approaches are necessary to investigate the importance of the autonomic nervous system in postprandial human metabolism.

scholarly journals The study of the odour impact on physiological, emotional, and cognitive aspects of human health under experimental conditions (literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1370-1375
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Ivanova ◽  
Svetlana A. Skovronskaya ◽  
Mihail E. Goshin ◽  
Olga V. Budarina ◽  
Aliya Z. Kulikova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Arterial Blood

The article contains a literature review devoted to research on the influence of odours on physiological, emotional, and cognitive aspects of human health. The following databases were used at literature search execution: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, Global Health, Russian Research Citation Index. A total amount of 60 sources was analyzed for 1983-2019. The experimental research results aimed at studying the influence of odours on such physiological indices a: heart rate, heart rate variability, arterial blood pressure, respiratory rate, skin conductibility reaction, sleep, are described, and emotional and cognitive characteristics of the test subjects. The response to odours exposure was shown to depend on their intensity, hedonistic tone, the chemical structure of the odorant, as well as individual peculiarities of the test subjects, including their past experiences with smelling. In most cases, exposure to unpleasant odours activates the sympathetic nervous system, therefore heart rate, respiratory rate, skin blood circulation and its conductivity increase. Attention concentration increases at the deterioration of cognitive functions. Anger and repulsion reactions are noted at the emotional level; a feeling of discomfort with a motivation to escape appears. The exposure of pleasant odours leads to parasympathetic nervous system activation, heart rate, respiratory rate, skin conductibility, and blood circulation decrease. Cognitive functions improve, the quality of problem-solving increases, attention concentration decreases. A person’s mood gets better; the sensation of happiness appears. At that literature analysis has revealed most of the studies on the human to have significant restrictions: standard exposure methods absence, the difficulty of execution blind experiments that were deemed to be ignorant by test subjects as well as the influence of individual preferences and previous personal experience on the effects generated by the odour. The authors proposed recommendations on the current restrictions prevention and optimization of conducting the experimental research on the influence of odours on humans.

scholarly journals Quantization of mental stress using various physiological markers

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apoorvagiri ◽  
Mandya Sannegowda Nagananda ◽  
Sandekere Tippeswamy Veerabhadrappa
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Study Materials ◽  
Physiological Markers ◽  
Accurate Quantification

The aim of this study is to quantize mental stress by integrating different physiological markers like reaction time, photoplethysmograph (PPG), heart rate variability (HRV) and subjective markers like questionnaire. The study included 10 subjects of age between 22 and 26 years. Study materials include the results of PSS questionnaire, simple reaction time, PPG data, HRV data during a stress inducing stroop test. The study suggests that mental stress can be quantized when stress is induced acquisitively and more accurate quantification of stress can be achieved by integrating many physiological parameters.

Changes in sympathoadrenal response to standing in humans after spaceflight

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Whitson ◽  
J. B. Charles ◽  
W. J. Williams ◽  
N. M. Cintron
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Catecholamine Levels

Plasma catecholamine levels and cardiovascular responses to standing were determined in astronauts before and after several Space Shuttle missions. Blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output were measured and blood samples for catecholamine analyses were drawn at the end of the supine and standing periods. Supine plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations increased 34 and 65%, respectively, on landing day compared with before flight. Standing on landing day resulted in a 65 and 91% increase in plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine, respectively. Supine and standing norepinephrine levels remained elevated 3 days after landing while epinephrine levels returned to preflight levels. On landing day, supine heart rate and systolic blood pressure increased 18 and 8.9%, respectively, and standing heart rate and diastolic blood pressure were elevated by 38 and 19%, respectively. On standing, stroke volume was decreased by 26% on landing day compared with before flight. Collectively, these data indicate that the decreased orthostatic function after spaceflight results largely from the decreased stroke volume. Possible mechanisms contributing to this condition are discussed.

Relationship between blood O2 content and catecholamine levels during hypoxia in rainbow trout and American eel

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. R240-R249 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Perry ◽  
S. D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Catecholamine Release ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
American Eel ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Catecholamine Levels

Plasma catecholamine levels and arterial blood respiratory variables were monitored in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and American eel (Anguilla rostrata) acutely exposed (30 min) to graded levels of external hypoxia [water PO2 (PWO2) 20-90 Torr]. The experiments were designed to evaluate the factors controlling catecholamine mobilization in hypoxic fish and to elucidate the basis of marked interspecific differences. In trout, plasma catecholamine levels were unchanged when PWO2 remained above 50 Torr but increased markedly when PWO2 was lowered below this value; the predominant catecholamine released into the circulation was epinephrine. In eel, there was no such obvious PWO2 threshold for catecholamine release although plasma levels were consistently elevated above baseline only at PWO2 less than 35 Torr. The magnitude of the catecholamine release in eel was approximately an order of magnitude less than in trout. Unlike in trout, there was no increase in the plasma epinephrine-to-norepinephrine concentration ratio. During hypoxia, the relationship between arterial blood PO2 (PaO2) and PWO2 was similar in both species and thus could not explain the differences in the PWO2 thresholds for catecholamine release. In trout, the calculated PaO2 thresholds for catecholamine release were 25.3 (epinephrine) and 20.5 Torr (norepinephrine) whereas in eel the corresponding values were 12.5 and 11.6 Torr, respectively. These PaO2 thresholds were in good agreement with the in vivo values for PaO2 at half-maximal hemoglobin (Hb)-O2 saturation (P50) for trout and eel blood of 22.9 and 11.1 Torr, respectively. Thus both species displayed essentially equivalent catecholamine release thresholds when expressed in terms of arterial blood O2 content corresponding to approximately 45-60% Hb-O2 saturation.

The effect of insulin-induced hypoglycaemia on gastrointestinal motility in man

1987 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. W. Fellows ◽  
D. F. Evans ◽  
T. Bennett ◽  
I. A. Macdonald ◽  
A. G. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Median Interval

1. The effect of insulin-induced hypoglycaemia on gastro-jejunal motility was studied in five, healthy, male subjects using tethered, pressure sensitive, radiotelemetry capsules. 2. Thirty minutes after the intravenous injection of soluble insulin (0.15 unit/kg body weight), a significant reduction in blood glucose concentration (control: 5.26 ± 0.19 sem mmol/l; insulin: 1.48 ± 0.44 mmol/l; P < 0.001) was associated with a rise in heart rate (mean peak rise 29 ± 8 beats/min, P < 0.05), systolic arterial blood pressure (mean peak rise 28 ± 4 mmHg, P < 0.01) and plasma pancreatic polypeptide concentration (control: 20 ± 7 pmol/l; insulin: 287 ± 66 pmol/l; P < 0.01). These events coincided with a short period of jejunal motor activity, which was not associated with gastric motor activity nor with raised plasma motilin concentrations. 3. During the control study, there were no changes in blood glucose concentration, heart rate, arterial blood pressure or plasma pancreatic polypeptide concentrations, and there was no jejunal motor activity. 4. The interval between successive gastric migrating motor complexes (MMC) was not significantly different in the insulin and control studies (control: median interval 110 min, range 108–148 min; insulin: median interval 124 min, range 115–125 min), suggesting that the fasting gastro-jejunal MMC and jejunal motor activity arose independently. 5. Insulin-induced hypoglycaemia is accompanied by jejunal motor activity, which may underlie the abdominal symptoms associated with hypoglycaemia.

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