scholarly journals Preeclampsia Is Associated with Increased Central Aortic Pressure, Elastic Arteries Stiffness and Wave Reflections, and Resting and Recruitable Endothelial Dysfunction

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Torrado ◽  
Ignacio Farro ◽  
Yanina Zócalo ◽  
Federico Farro ◽  
Claudio Sosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Wave Reflections

Introduction. An altered endothelial function (EF) could be associated with preeclampsia (PE). However, more specific and complementary analyses are required to confirm this topic. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), low-flow-mediated constriction (L-FMC), and hyperemic-related changes in carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (PWVcr) offer complementary information about “recruitability” of EF.Objectives. To evaluate, in healthy and hypertensive pregnant women (with and without PE), central arterial parameters in conjunction with “basal and recruitable” EF.Methods. Nonhypertensive (HP) and hypertensive pregnant women (gestational hypertension, GH; preeclampsia, PE) were included. Aortic blood pressure (BP), wave reflection parameters (AIx@75), aortic pulse wave velocity (PWVcf) and PWVcr, and brachial and common carotid stiffness and intima-media thickness were measured. Brachial FMD and L-FMC and hyperemic-related change in PWVcr were measured.Results. Aortic BP and AIx@75 were elevated in PE. PE showed stiffer elastic but not muscular arteries. After cuff deflation, PWVcr decreased in HP, while GH showed a blunted PWVcr response and PE showed a tendency to increase. Maximal FMD and L-FMC were observed in HP followed by GH; PE did not reach significant arterial constriction.Conclusion. Aortic BP and wave reflections as well as elastic arteries stiffness are increased in PE. PE showed both “resting and recruitable” endothelial dysfunctions.

scholarly journals Effects of Arterial Stiffness, Pulse Wave Velocity, and Wave Reflections on the Central Aortic Pressure Waveform

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilmer W. Nichols ◽  
Scott J. Denardo ◽  
Ian B. Wilkinson ◽  
Carmel M. McEniery ◽  
John Cockcroft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Waveform ◽  
Wave Reflections ◽  
Central Aortic Pressure

scholarly journals Normal Pregnancy Is Associated with Changes in Central Hemodynamics and Enhanced Recruitable, but Not Resting, Endothelial Function

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Torrado ◽  
Yanina Zócalo ◽  
Ignacio Farro ◽  
Federico Farro ◽  
Claudio Sosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Aortic Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Central Hemodynamics

Introduction.Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), low flow-mediated constriction (L-FMC), and reactive hyperemia-related changes in carotid-to-radial pulse wave velocity (ΔPWVcr%) could offer complementary information about both “recruitability” and “resting” endothelial function (EF). Carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWVcf) and pulse wave analysis-derived parameters (i.e., AIx@75) are the gold standard methods for noninvasive evaluation of aortic stiffness and central hemodynamics. If healthy pregnancy is associated with both changes in resting and recruitable EF, as well as in several arterial parameters, it remains unknown and/or controversial.Objectives.To simultaneously and noninvasively assess in healthy pregnant (HP) and nonpregnant (NP) women central parameters in conjunction with “basal and recruitable” EF, employing new complementary approaches.Methods.HP (n=11, 34.2 ± 3.3 weeks of gestation) and age- and cardiovascular risk factors-matched NP (n=22) were included. Aortic blood pressure (BP), AIx@75, PWVcf, common carotid stiffness, and intima-media thickness, as well as FMD, L-FMC, and ΔPWVcr %, were measured.Results.Aortic BP, stiffness, and AIx@75 were reduced in HP. ΔPWVcr% and FMD were enhanced in HP in comparison to NP. No differences were found in L-FMC between groups.Conclusion.HP is associated with reduced aortic stiffness, central BP, wave reflections, and enhanced recruitable, but not resting, EF.

Computation of Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity and Aortic Extensibility from Pressure Gradient Measurements

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 940-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain C. Lapointe ◽  
Fernand A. Roberge ◽  
Réginald A. Nadeau ◽  
Pierre S. Thiry ◽  
Gérard M. Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Phase Velocity ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Time Shift ◽  
Aortic Valves

This study is concerned with the computation of aortic pulse wave velocity based on simultaneous recordings of the aortic pressure gradient and first-time derivative of aortic pressure. These variables were recorded by means of a double-lumen catheter introduced in the aorta of four anesthetized closed chest dogs, and connected to critically damped manometer systems. Results of aortic pulse wave velocity were then compared: (i) to the true phase velocity obtained from spectra of apparent phase velocity, and (ii) to the pulse wave velocity computed from the time shift between maximum slopes of the pressure wave. From the aortic valves to 37 cm down the aortic trunk, pulse wave velocity increased from 410–460 cm/s to approximately 600–800 cm/s. Based on the wave propagation equation presented of Bramwell and Hill (Bramwell, J. C, and Hill, A. V. 1922. Proc. R. Soc. 93, 298–306), volumetric extensibility coefficients were computed from pulse wave velocity data. Results indicated that, from the aortic valves to 37 cm down the aorta, the mean volumetric extensibility decreased from 0.43–0.56% ΔV/cm H2O to 0.16–0.25% ΔV/cm H2O (1 cm H2O = 94.1 N/m2).

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