scholarly journals Normal Pregnancy Is Associated with Changes in Central Hemodynamics and Enhanced Recruitable, but Not Resting, Endothelial Function

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Torrado ◽  
Yanina Zócalo ◽  
Ignacio Farro ◽  
Federico Farro ◽  
Claudio Sosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Aortic Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Central Hemodynamics

Introduction.Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), low flow-mediated constriction (L-FMC), and reactive hyperemia-related changes in carotid-to-radial pulse wave velocity (ΔPWVcr%) could offer complementary information about both “recruitability” and “resting” endothelial function (EF). Carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWVcf) and pulse wave analysis-derived parameters (i.e., AIx@75) are the gold standard methods for noninvasive evaluation of aortic stiffness and central hemodynamics. If healthy pregnancy is associated with both changes in resting and recruitable EF, as well as in several arterial parameters, it remains unknown and/or controversial.Objectives.To simultaneously and noninvasively assess in healthy pregnant (HP) and nonpregnant (NP) women central parameters in conjunction with “basal and recruitable” EF, employing new complementary approaches.Methods.HP (n=11, 34.2 ± 3.3 weeks of gestation) and age- and cardiovascular risk factors-matched NP (n=22) were included. Aortic blood pressure (BP), AIx@75, PWVcf, common carotid stiffness, and intima-media thickness, as well as FMD, L-FMC, and ΔPWVcr %, were measured.Results.Aortic BP, stiffness, and AIx@75 were reduced in HP. ΔPWVcr% and FMD were enhanced in HP in comparison to NP. No differences were found in L-FMC between groups.Conclusion.HP is associated with reduced aortic stiffness, central BP, wave reflections, and enhanced recruitable, but not resting, EF.

scholarly journals The Effect of Antihypertensive Drugs on Arterial Stiffness and Central Hemodynamics: Not All Fingers are Made the Same

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Doumas ◽  
E. Gkaliagkousi ◽  
N. Katsiki ◽  
A. Reklou ◽  
A. Lazaridis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Aortic Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Central Hemodynamics

Arterial stiffness and central hemodynamics attract increasing scientific interest within the hypertensive community during the last decade. Accumulating evidence indicates that aortic stiffness is a strong and independent predictor of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in hypertensive patients, and its predictive value extends beyond traditional risk factors. The role of central hemodynamics and augmentation index (a marker of reflected waves), remains less established and requires further investigation. Several lines of evidence indicate that antihypertensive therapy results in significant reductions of pulse wave velocity and central hemodynamics. However, beta-blockers seem to be the only exception with significant within-class differences. Conventional beta-blockers, although equally effective in reducing pulse wave velocity, seem to be less beneficial on central hemodynamics and augmentation index than the other antihypertensive drug categories, whereas the newer vasodilating beta-blockers seem to share the benefits of the other antihypertensive drugs. In conclusion, aortic stiffness seems ready for ‘prime-time’ in the management of essential hypertension, while further research is needed for central hemodynamics and augmentation index.

scholarly journals Endothelium function dependence of acute changes in pulse wave velocity and flow-mediated slowing

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Stoner ◽  
Keeron Stone ◽  
Gabriel Zieff ◽  
Jade Blackwell ◽  
Jake Diana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Oscillometric Device

Flow-mediated slowing (FMS), defined as the minimum pulse wave velocity (PWVmin) during reactive hyperemia, is potentially a simple, user-objective test for examining endothelial function. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effects of a known endothelial dysfunction protocol on arm PWV and PWVmin. Complete data were successfully collected in 22 out of 23 healthy adults (23.8 years [SD 4.1], 16 F, 22.8 kg/m2 [SD 2.8]). Local endothelial dysfunction was induced by increasing retrograde shear stress in the upper arm, through inflation of a distal (forearm) tourniquet to 75 mmHg, for 30 min. Pre- and post-endothelial dysfunction, PWV was measured followed by simultaneous assessment of PWVmin and flow-mediated dilation (FMD). PWV was measured between the upper arm and wrist using an oscillometric device, and brachial FMD using ultrasound. FMD (%) and PWVmin (m/s) were calculated as the maximum increase in diameter and minimum PWV during reactive hyperemia, respectively. Endothelial dysfunction resulted in a large effect size (ES) decrease in FMD (∆ = −3.10%; 95% CI: –4.15, –2.05; ES = −1.3), and a moderate increase in PWV (∆ = 0.38 m/s; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.69; ES = 0.5) and PWVmin (∆ = 0.16 m/s; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.28; ES = 0.6). There was a large intra-individual (pre- vs post-endothelial dysfunction) association between FMD and PWVmin ( r = −0.61; 95% CI: –0.82, –0.24). In conclusion, acute change in PWV and PWVmin are at least partially driven by changes in endothelial function.

scholarly journals Preeclampsia Is Associated with Increased Central Aortic Pressure, Elastic Arteries Stiffness and Wave Reflections, and Resting and Recruitable Endothelial Dysfunction

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Torrado ◽  
Ignacio Farro ◽  
Yanina Zócalo ◽  
Federico Farro ◽  
Claudio Sosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Wave Reflections

Introduction. An altered endothelial function (EF) could be associated with preeclampsia (PE). However, more specific and complementary analyses are required to confirm this topic. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), low-flow-mediated constriction (L-FMC), and hyperemic-related changes in carotid-radial pulse wave velocity (PWVcr) offer complementary information about “recruitability” of EF.Objectives. To evaluate, in healthy and hypertensive pregnant women (with and without PE), central arterial parameters in conjunction with “basal and recruitable” EF.Methods. Nonhypertensive (HP) and hypertensive pregnant women (gestational hypertension, GH; preeclampsia, PE) were included. Aortic blood pressure (BP), wave reflection parameters (AIx@75), aortic pulse wave velocity (PWVcf) and PWVcr, and brachial and common carotid stiffness and intima-media thickness were measured. Brachial FMD and L-FMC and hyperemic-related change in PWVcr were measured.Results. Aortic BP and AIx@75 were elevated in PE. PE showed stiffer elastic but not muscular arteries. After cuff deflation, PWVcr decreased in HP, while GH showed a blunted PWVcr response and PE showed a tendency to increase. Maximal FMD and L-FMC were observed in HP followed by GH; PE did not reach significant arterial constriction.Conclusion. Aortic BP and wave reflections as well as elastic arteries stiffness are increased in PE. PE showed both “resting and recruitable” endothelial dysfunctions.

538 Changes in aortic stiffness during normal pregnancy determined from pulse wave velocity

2001 ◽  
Vol 185 (6) ◽  
pp. S227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia Rang ◽  
Belen de Pablo Lapiedra ◽  
Jim Vleugels ◽  
Gert Montfrans ◽  
Karel Wesseling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Aortic Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Normal Pregnancy

scholarly journals Plasma expression of microRNA-425-5p and microRNA-451a as biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delia Taverner ◽  
Dídac Llop ◽  
Roser Rosales ◽  
Raimon Ferré ◽  
Luis Masana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers

AbstractTo validate in a cohort of 214 rheumatoid arthritis patients a panel of 10 plasmatic microRNAs, which we previously identified and that can facilitate earlier diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis patients. We identified 10 plasma miRs that were downregulated in male rheumatoid arthritis patients and in patients with acute myocardial infarction compared to controls suggesting that these microRNAs could be epigenetic biomarkers for cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Six of those microRNAs were validated in independent plasma samples from 214 rheumatoid arthritis patients and levels of expression were associated with surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease (carotid intima-media thickness, plaque formation, pulse wave velocity and distensibility) and with prior cardiovascular disease. Multivariate analyses adjusted for traditional confounders and treatments showed that decreased expression of microRNA-425-5p in men and decreased expression of microRNA-451 in women were significantly associated with increased (β = 0.072; p = 0.017) and decreased carotid intima-media thickness (β = −0.05; p = 0.013), respectively. MicroRNA-425-5p and microRNA-451 also increased the accuracy to discriminate patients with pathological carotid intima-media thickness by 1.8% (p = 0.036) in men and 3.5% (p = 0.027) in women, respectively. In addition, microRNA-425-5p increased the accuracy to discriminate male patients with prior cardiovascular disease by 3% (p = 0.008). Additionally, decreased expression of microRNA-451 was significantly associated with decreased pulse wave velocity (β = −0.72; p = 0.035) in overall rheumatoid arthritis population. Distensibility showed no significant association with expression levels of the microRNAs studied. We provide evidence of a possible role of microRNA-425-5p and microRNA-451 as useful epigenetic biomarkers to assess cardiovascular disease risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

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