scholarly journals A Mac Protocol Implementation for Wireless Sensor Network

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamila Bhar
Keyword(s):  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Mac Layer ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
Protocol Implementation ◽  
Traffic Efficiency ◽  
Traffic Distribution

IEEE 802.15.4 is an important standard for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Network (LRWPAN). The IEEE 802.15.4 presents a flexible MAC protocol that provides good efficiency for data transmission by adapting its parameters according to characteristics of different applications. In this research work, some restrictions of this standard are explained and an improvement of traffic efficiency by optimizing MAC layer is proposed. Implementation details for several blocks of communication system are carefully modeled. The protocol implementation is done using VHDL language. The analysis gives a full understanding of the behavior of the MAC protocol with regard to backoff delay, data loss probability, congestion probability, slot effectiveness, and traffic distribution for terminals. Two ideas are proposed and tested to improve efficiency of CSMA/CA mechanism for IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Layer. Primarily, we dynamically adjust the backoff exponent (BE) according to queue level of each node. Secondly, we vary the number of consecutive clear channel assessment (CCA) for packet transmission. We demonstrate also that slot compensation provided by the enhanced MAC protocol can greatly avoid unused slots. The results show the significant improvements expected by our approach among the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC standards. Synthesis results show also hardware performances of our proposed architecture.

scholarly journals Geographic-based Routing in Smart Grid’s Neighbor Area Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quang-Dung Ho ◽  
Gowdemy Rajalingham ◽  
Tho Le-Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Demand Response ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Smart Grid Communications ◽  
Wireless Mesh

Neighbor area network (NAN), also known as smart meter communication network, is one of the most important segments of smart grid communications network (SGCN). This paper studies the performance of greedy perimeter stateless routing (GPSR), a representative implementation of geographic-based routing class, in the NAN scenario and investigates the feasibility of this routing protocol in supporting SG applications. Specifically, packet transmission delay and reliability of GPSR in an IEEE 802.15.4-based wireless mesh NAN with practical system parameters are measured by simulations. The results show that, at the data rate required for conventional SG applications including smart metering, real-time pricing and demand response, the delay can always be maintained below 70 ms (in 95th-percentile perspective) while packet delivery ratio is higher than 90%. However, due to that fact that more advanced applications that require information exchange at higher rates and more stringent delays are emerging in SG, the performance of GPSR in NAN scenarios using radio technologies that can support higher loads and/or larger network scales needs to be studied.

scholarly journals Prioritized data based Energy Efficient MAC protocol in Wireless Body Area Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Keyword(s):  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Packet Delay ◽  
Body Area Network ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Body Area ◽  
Super Frame ◽  
Packet Drop

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is an exclusively designed Wireless Sensor Networks that used in today’s health-care system. The central challenge in WBAN is to transfer the medical data with limited energy and with high reliability. The IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Protocol is a standard model used to consume less energy by providing low data rate. This paper aimed to present a novel protocol PD-MAC, an enhanced version of IEEE 802.15.4 to achieve the above goal. The main objective of this protocol is to transmit the packets according to their priorities. It also improves the retransmission and packet drop process by introducing an additional slot to define Starvation Index in the super-frame of IEEE 802.15.4. A node has to start its transmission when the timer is set to zero. A node has to sense the channel status before transmission begins. The data are transmitted according to their priorities only when it senses the free channel. However if the channel is not free then retransmission of packet will be carried out and in each retransmission process the starvation index increments the priority of the packet. When the packet priority raises to high then it transmits the packet by considering it as high emergency packet. For energy efficiency a max limit is define to retransmit a data packet. This protocol has been simulated using Castalia 3.2 environment and the result validate that our proposed protocol provides better service in terms of least Packet Delay and lowest Energy Consumption to its counterparts.

scholarly journals Contiki-Based IEEE 802.15.4 Channel Capacity Estimation and Suitability of Its CSMA-CA MAC Layer Protocol for Real-Time Multimedia Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Omer Farooq ◽  
Thomas Kunz
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Channel Capacity ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Multimedia Applications ◽  
Mac Layer ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Available Bandwidth ◽  
Bandwidth Guarantees

Real-time multimedia applications require quality of service (QoS) provisioning in terms of bounds on delay and packet loss along with soft bandwidth guarantees. The shared nature of the wireless communication medium results in interference. Interference combined with the overheads, associated with a medium access control (MAC) protocol, and the implementation of a networking protocol stack limit the available bandwidth in IEEE 802.15.4-based networks and can result in congestion, even if the transmission rates of nodes are well below the maximum bandwidth supported by an underlying communication technology. Congestion degrades the performance of admitted real-time multimedia flow(s). Therefore, in this paper, we experimentally derive the IEEE 802.15.4 channel capacity using an unslotted CSMA-CA MAC protocol. We experimentally derive channel capacity for two cases, that is, when the CSMA-CA protocol is working without ACKs and when it is working with ACKs. Moreover, for both cases, we plot the relationship of offered data load with delay and packet loss rate. Simulation results demonstrate that the parameters that affect the choice of a CSMA-CA MAC layer protocol are end-to-end delay and packet loss requirements of a real-time multimedia flow, data load within the interference range of transmitters along the forwarding path, and length of the forwarding path.

scholarly journals A new reinforced MAC protocol for lifetime prolongation of reliable Wireless Body Area Network

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Boufedah Badissi Azzouz ◽  
Babouri Abdesselam ◽  
Benmohamed Mohamed ◽  
Abouchi Nacer
Keyword(s):  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wireless Body Area Network ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Body Area Networks ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Body Area

Recent development of sensors and sensor networks has allowed the creation of new emerging systems which is used as promising solutions in several types of applications. Among which, wireless body area networks (WBANs) is an example that enable continuous monitoring of patients vital signs parameters in everyday life situations. Reliability and energy optimization are considered amongst the important and challenging issues in WBANs. The standard IEEE 802.15.4 is of paramount importance MAC (Media Access Control) protocol for medical sensor body area networks, owing to its low-power, low data rate and low-cost features. In this paper, we propose a reinforcement optimized MAC protocol based on IEEE 802.15.4 dubbed RMAC. The proposed protocol aims to enhance the reliability and to extend the network life time, by reducing energy consumption. NS2 simulator is used for the implementation of the protocol and for the performance evaluation in comparison with the Standard IEEE 802.15.4. The simulation results show that our protocol outperforms the Standard in terms of reliability and network lifetime.

scholarly journals Runtime Estimation of the Number of Active Devices in IEEE 802.15.4 Slotted CSMA/CA Networks with Deferred Transmission and No Acknowledgment Using ARMA Filters

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Won Hyoung Lee ◽  
Ho Young Hwang ◽  
Jo Woon Chong
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Active Devices ◽  
Simulation Results

We propose a novel method for estimating the number of active devices in an IEEE 802.15.4 network. Here, we consider an IEEE 802.15.4 network with a star topology where active devices transmit data frames using slotted carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) medium access control (MAC) protocol without acknowledgment. In our proposed method, a personal area network (PAN) coordinator of a network counts the number of events that a transmission occurs and the number of events that two consecutive slots are idle in a superframe duration, and the PAN coordinator broadcasts the information through a beacon frame. Each device can count the number of slots that each device is in the backoff procedure and the number of the first clear channel assessment (CCA) that each device performs whenever it performs the first CCA after the backoff procedure. Then, each device estimates the number of active devices in the network based on these counted numbers and the information from PAN coordinator with the help of an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) filter. We evaluate the performance of our proposed ARMA-based estimation method via simulations where active devices transmit data frames in IEEE 802.15.4 slotted CSMA/CA networks. Simulation results show that our proposed method gives estimation errors of the number of active devices less than 4.501% when the actual number of active devices is varying from 5 to 80. We compare our proposed method with the conventional method in terms of the average and standard deviation for the estimated number of active devices. The simulation results show that our proposed estimation method is more accurate than the conventional method.

scholarly journals An energy efficient hybrid MAC protocol for smart home networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Atul Pandey ◽  
Nisha Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Home Network ◽  
Home Networks ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Environment Simulation ◽  
Short Packet

In this paper cluster-based hybrid MAC (CB-HMAC) protocol, based on IEEE 802.15.4 MAC is proposed for smart home networks. The CB-HMAC is specially designed for short packet transmission in a dense home network environment. Simulation results show that the proposed CB-HMAC is more energy-efficient than other medium access control (MAC) protocols without sacrificing much delay and throughput.

A MAC Protocol for Critical Data Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 303-306 ◽  
pp. 206-209
Author(s):  
Seong Cheol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Data Packet ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Delivery Delay ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Beacon Frame

In this paper we present a low-power, low-latency MAC protocol adequate for critical data transmission. For support critical data packet transmission the proposed MAC protocol uses the modified IEEE 802.15.4 beacon frames including priority bit, sender node address, and NAV value fields. A receiver node periodically wakes up, receives sender beacon frames from its neighbor nodes, selects a data sending node, and broadcasts a beacon frame containing the selected sender’s address. Based on the sender’s data transmission urgency, a receiver node selects a data packet sending node. So critical data packet will be considered higher priority packet and be sent preferentially. Our simulations and analytical analysis have shown that our protocol outperforms other protocols in terms of energy consumption and higher priority packet delivery delay.

scholarly journals WLAN Aware Cognitive Medium Access Control Protocol for IoT Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asfund Ausaf ◽  
Mohammad Zubair Khan ◽  
Muhammad Awais Javed ◽  
Ali Kashif Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Access Control ◽  
Medium Access Control ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Wireless Local Area Network ◽  
Local Area Network ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Medium Access

Internet of Things (IoT)-based devices consist of wireless sensor nodes that are battery-powered; thus, energy efficiency is a major issue. IEEE 802.15.4-compliant IoT devices operate in the unlicensed Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band of 2.4 GHz and are subject to interference caused by high-powered IEEE 802.11-compliant Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) users. This interference causes frequent packet drop and energy loss for IoT users. In this work, we propose a WLAN Aware Cognitive Medium Access Control (WAC-MAC) protocol for IoT users that uses techniques, such as energy detection based sensing, adaptive wake-up scheduling, and adaptive backoff, to reduce interference with the WSN and improve network lifetime of the IoT users. Results show that the proposed WAC-MAC achieves a higher packet reception rate and reduces the energy consumption of IoT nodes.

scholarly journals MAC Layer Communication Protocol design using Stochastic Network Calculusfor Underwater Agriculture Farming

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
Saravanan M, Rajeev Sukumaran, MR Christhuraj, Manikandan TT
Keyword(s):  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Protocol Design ◽  
Underwater Acoustic Communications ◽  
Mac Layer ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Underwater Acoustic ◽  
Wireless Protocol

: The hazardous in seawater network, channel utilization, and MAC layer protocol design induces the research challenges and opportunities of underwater acoustic communications, particularly in terms of throughput and transmission delay. In this research work, we propose the delay-tolerant MAC protocol with collision avoidance. Under_Water Medium Access control and Collision Avoidance -Wireless protocol (UWMACA-W) proposed for underwater Agriculture Farming. This research work also has compared the performance of the UWMACA-Wireless protocol with and without SNC. The growth of the plants inside the bubble can be exchanged to the base station by using the UWMACA-wireless protocol and also increases interface efficiency by taking account of the underwater acoustic channel's long delay time, as well as fixing the issues related to uncovered terminal issues. UWMACA-W method has higher performance than MACA-Wireless protocol, according to simulation testing on Riverbed modeler.

An Ultra-low Power Consumption MAC Protocol Complied with IEEE 802.15.4/4e for Wireless Smart Utility Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 136 (11) ◽  
pp. 1555-1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Fujiwara ◽  
Hiroshi Harada ◽  
Takuya Kawata ◽  
Kentaro Sakamoto ◽  
Sota Tsuchiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Ultra Low Power
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