scholarly journals Ergosterol Alleviates Kidney Injury in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ang ◽  
Liu Yuguang ◽  
Wang Liying ◽  
Zhang Shuying ◽  
Xu Liting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Diabetes Mice

Ergosterol (ERG) has been widely used in the development of novel drugs due to its unique physiological function. However, little is known about the protective effects of ERG on diabetes. Hence, the current study was designed to evaluate the positive role of ergosterol on streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetes in mice. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out to assess blood glucose level. Biochemical parameters such as uric acid, creatinine, serum insulin, triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) were also measured. Pathological condition of kidney was examined by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. The expressions of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, NF-κBp65, p-NF-κBp65, IκBα, and p-IκBαwere analyzed by western blot. ERG significantly reduced the concentrations of blood glucose, uric acid, creatinine, TG, and TC. Serum insulin was elevated with ERG treatment. In addition, renal pathologic changes of diabetes mice were also alleviated by ERG. Obtained data revealed that ERG restored the levels of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling-related proteins in comparison with diabetes mice. Above all, it could be assumed that ERG might play a positive role in regulating STZ-induced diabetes through suppressing PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway.

scholarly journals Blackthorn Flower Extract Impact on Glycaemic Homeostasis in Normoglycemic and Alloxan-Induced Hyperglycaemic C57BL/6 Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Crnić ◽  
Tajana Frančić ◽  
Petar Dragičević ◽  
Vedran Balta ◽  
Verica Dragović-Uzelac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Flower Extract ◽  
Prunus Spinosa

Research background. The use of plants and their extracts in treatments of chronic diseases is widely known in traditional medicine. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of 10-day consumption of Prunus spinosa L. flower extract on blood glucose, glycaemic load, serum α-amlyase and serum insulin, in normoglycaemic and hypergycaemic (alloxan) mice model. Experimental approach. Normoglycemic and hyperglycemic (alloxan treated, 150 mg/kg body mass) C57BL/6 mice were treated daily, during 10 days, with Prunus spinosa L. flower extract by gavage. The sugar content within extract was determined by HPLC analysis. In mice, blood and serum blood glucose level and OGTT-test were determined by blood glucometer. Serum insulin was determined by ELISA assay and α-amlyase by colourimetric assay. Results and conclusions. The Prunus spinosa L. flower extract increased glucose in normoglycaemic mice by 30 % after 1st and 5th day and by 17 % after 10th day of consumption in normoglycaemic mice. It is a consequence of released sugars because sugar analysis revealed 59.8 mg/L monosaccharides, mainly fructose (55.7 mg/L) and glucose (24.3 mg/L) within the extract. On the opposite, the extract consumption, reduced serum blood glucose in alloxan-induced hyperglycaemic mice by 29 % after 10 days of treatment. Oral glucose tolerance test also confirmed that that in the hyperglycaemic group treated with Prunus spinosa L. flower extract glucose homeostasis was improved and showed decrease in blood glucose, since the blood glucose over the period of 120 min, glucose homeostasis is faster achieved after treatment with shows that in Prunus spinosa L. flower extract. Serum insulin increased by 49 % and serum alpha amylase by 46 % after 10 days of treatment with Prunus spinosa L. flower extract in hyperglycaemic group. Thus, it can be concluded that Prunus spinosa L. flower extract improved glucose tolerance, enhanced insulin secretion and lowered serum α-amylase activity. Novelty and scientific contribution. The results examined for the first time the potential of Prunus spinosa L. flower extract in hyperglycaemia management.

scholarly journals RNA-Seq Analysis of the Liver Transcriptome Reveals the Networks Regulating Treatment of Sitagliptin Phosphate plus Fuzhujiangtang Granule in the Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Xuan Guo ◽  
Wen Sun ◽  
Guangyuan Xu ◽  
Dan Hou ◽  
Zhuo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Agents ◽  
Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats ◽  
Zdf Rats

Diabetes is one of the most serious chronic diseases. Numerous drugs including oral agents and traditional Chinese medicines, such as sitagliptin phosphate (SP) and Fuzhujiangtang granules (FJG), have been discovered to treat diabetes and used in combination in clinical practice. However, the exact effect and underlying mechanism of using combined medicine is not clear. In this study, we compared the antidiabetic effect of SP, FJG, and SP plus FJG (SP-FJG) using forty 8-week-old Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats and 10 age-matched Zucker lean rats as the normal control group. ZDF rats were treated with different therapies, respectively, for 6 weeks. The study showed that the fast blood glucose, random blood glucose (RBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance index, triglyceride (TC), superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde of each treatment group were improved when compared with the diabetes mellitus (DM) control group. Using SP-FJG in combination had better improvements in OGTT, fast serum insulin levels, TNF-α, and IL-6 compared with using SP individually. Besides, the increased LDL and TC caused by using SP was attenuated by using FJG in combination. Meanwhile, compared with the DM group, 1781 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (including 1248 mRNA, 211 ncRNA, 202 cirRNA, and 120 miRNA) were enriched in 58 pathways. Through analysis of ceRNA networks, we found that rno-miR-326-3p, rno-miR-423-5p, rno-miR-15b-5p, rno-let-7c-5p, and rno-let-7b-5p were related to pharmacodynamics in different groups. By analyzing the protein-protein interaction (PPI) and coexpression networks of the transcriptomes of different groups, it is inferred that Lrrk2 and Irak3 may be pharmacodynamic genes for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our research compared the treatment of SP, FJG, and SP-FJG and acquainted the PPI network, coexpression network, mutations, and pharmacodynamics genes, which reveals the new mechanisms of pathogenesis of T2DM.

Antihypertensive Drugs and Glucose Metabolism: A Comparison between a Diuretic and Felodipine, a New Calcium Antagonist, when Added to a Beta-Blocker in Non-Diabetic Hypertensive Women

1994 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-73
Author(s):  
C. Bengtsson ◽  
L. Lapidus
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Calcium Antagonist ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Beta Blocker ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose

Felodipine,1 a vascular selective antihypertensive calcium antagonist, was compared with hydrochlorothiazide, a diuretic, with respect to glucose tolerance. An open crossover study was performed comprising 16 non-diabetic hypertensive women (age range 59–75 years). The women continued to take a beta-blocker as a basal therapy. Each treatment period lasted three months. The blood pressure was similar irrespective of treatment. Blood glucose values were not significantly different during the oral glucose tolerance test. Serum insulin levels after glucose administration were lower when the patients were treated with felodipine than when taking hydrochlorothiazide. A possible explanation for this observation may be an increased insulin release as a consequence of treatment with a diuretic in order to maintain normal blood glucose levels during the glucose tolerance test. Felodipine appears preferable to hydrochlorothiazide as an addition to a beta blocker in hypertensive patients from a glucose metabolism point of view.

Caffeine ingestion elevates plasma insulin response in humans during an oral glucose tolerance test

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 559-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry E Graham ◽  
Premila Sathasivam ◽  
Mary Rowland ◽  
Natasha Marko ◽  
Felicia Greer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
C Peptide

We tested the hypothesis that caffeine ingestion results in an exaggerated response in blood glucose and (or) insulin during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Young, fit adult males (n = 18) underwent 2 OGTT. The subjects ingested caffeine (5 mg/kg) or placebo (double blind) and 1 h later ingested 75 g of dextrose. There were no differences between the fasted levels of serum insulin, C peptide, blood glucose, or lactate and there were no differences within or between trials in these measures prior to the OGTT. Following the OGTT, all of these parameters increased (P [Formula: see text] 0.05) for the duration of the OGTT. Caffeine ingestion resulted in an increase (P [Formula: see text] 0.05) in serum fatty acids, glycerol, and plasma epinephrine prior to the OGTT. During the OGTT, these parameters decreased to match those of the placebo trial. In the caffeine trial the serum insulin and C peptide concentrations were significantly greater (P [Formula: see text] 0.001) than for placebo for the last 90 min of the OGTT and the area under the curve (AUC) for both measures were 60 and 37% greater (P [Formula: see text] 0.001), respectively. This prolonged, increased elevation in insulin did not result in a lower blood glucose level; in fact, the AUC for blood glucose was 24% greater (P = 0.20) in the caffeine treatment group. The data support our hypothesis that caffeine ingestion results in a greater increase in insulin concentration during an OGTT. This, together with a trend towards a greater rather than a more modest response in blood glucose, suggests that caffeine ingestion may have resulted in insulin resistance.Key words: adenosine, skeletal muscle, methylxanthines, glucose uptake, diabetes.

scholarly journals Protective effects of Buchholzia coriacea seeds extract and fractions on blood glucose and hyperlipidemia in diabetic rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1856
Author(s):  
Theophine Chinwuba Akunne ◽  
Laura C. Ilogu ◽  
Bonaventure C. Obi ◽  
Peter A. Akah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Standard Assay ◽  
Glucose Reduction

Background: The Buchholzia coriacea seeds (Capparaceae) are used in Nigerian ethnomedicine for treatment of hyperglycemia. Our aim, therefore, is to evaluate antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of extract and fractions of Bulcholzia coriacea seeds.Methods: The cut, dried and pulverized seeds were extracted with a mixture of methanol-dichloromethane (1:1) which yielded the crude extract, MDE. The MDE was fractionated using bioactive guided procedure and yielded hexane fraction (HF), ethylacetate fraction (EF) and methanol fraction (MF). Alloxan-induced diabetes, normoglycemic test and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were the antidiabetic models employed, while hypolipidemic study was performed using standard assay kits to determine the serum total cholesterol (TC) triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoproteins (LDL). Acute toxicity test of the extract was performed using Lorke’s method while qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses were also performed using standard procedures.Results: The results showed an oral median lethality dose (LD50) greater than 5000mg/kg. The extract and fractions showed significant antihyperglycemic effect comparable and in synergy to metformin, a standard agent. The extract (200mg/kg) showed the highest percentage blood glucose reduction (PBGR) of 52.89% while ethylacetate fraction (EF, 400mg/kg) showed PBGR of 50.84%. Also, the MDE and hexane fraction (HF) showed a significant reduction of TC, TG and LDL and related increase in HDL-C levels in diabetic treated rats.Conclusions: The extract and the fractions of Buchholzia coriacea seeds possess antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects and showed same mechanism of action as metformin, thus providing scientific rationale for its folkloric use.

scholarly journals A Single 48 mg Sucralose Sip Unbalances Monocyte Subpopulations and Stimulates Insulin Secretion in Healthy Young Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Angélica Y. Gómez-Arauz ◽  
Nallely Bueno-Hernández ◽  
Leon F. Palomera ◽  
Raúl Alcántara-Suárez ◽  
Karen L. De León ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Artificial Sweetener ◽  
Monocyte Subsets ◽  
Monocyte Subpopulations

Sucralose is a noncaloric artificial sweetener that is widely consumed worldwide and has been associated with alteration in glucose and insulin homeostasis. Unbalance in monocyte subpopulations expressing CD11c and CD206 hallmarks metabolic dysfunction but has not yet been studied in response to sucralose. Our goal was to examine the effect of a single sucralose sip on serum insulin and blood glucose and the percentages of classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes in healthy young adults subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). This study was a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Volunteers randomly received 60 mL water as placebo (n=20) or 48 mg sucralose dissolved in 60 mL water (n=25), fifteen minutes prior to an OGTT. Blood samples were individually drawn every 15 minutes for 180 minutes for quantifying glucose and insulin concentrations. Monocyte subsets expressing CD11c and CD206 were measured at -15 and 180 minutes by flow cytometry. As compared to controls, volunteers receiving sucralose exhibited significant increases in serum insulin at 30, 45, and 180 minutes, whereas blood glucose values showed no significant differences. Sucralose consumption caused a significant 7% increase in classical monocytes and 63% decrease in nonclassical monocytes with respect to placebo controls. Pearson’s correlation models revealed a strong association of insulin with sucralose-induced monocyte subpopulation unbalance whereas glucose values did not show significant correlations. Sucralose ingestion decreased CD11c expression in all monocyte subsets and reduced CD206 expression in nonclassical monocytes suggesting that sucralose does not only unbalance monocyte subpopulations but also alter their expression pattern of cell surface molecules. This work demonstrates for the first time that a 48 mg sucralose sip increases serum insulin and unbalances monocyte subpopulations expressing CD11c and CD206 in noninsulin-resistant healthy young adults subjected to an OGTT. The apparently innocuous consumption of sucralose should be reexamined in light of these results.

THE EFFECT OF THE PROGESTOGEN ETHYNODIOL DIACETATE ON GLUCOSE, INSULIN, AND GROWTH HORMONE AFTER SIX MONTHS TREATMENT

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. Spellacy ◽  
W. C. Buhi ◽  
S. A. Birk
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Ethynodiol Diacetate ◽  
Tolerance Curve

ABSTRACT Seventy-one women were treated with a daily dose of 0.25 mg of the progestogen ethynodiol diacetate. They were all tested with a three-hour oral glucose tolerance test before beginning the steroid and then again during the sixth month of use. Measurements were made of blood glucose and plasma insulin and growth hormone levels. There was a significant elevation of the blood glucose levels after steroid treatment as well as a deterioration in the tolerance curve in 12.9% of the women. The plasma insulin values were also elevated after drug treatment whereas the fasting ambulatory growth hormone levels did not significantly change. There was a significant association between the changes in glucose and insulin levels and the subject's age, control weight, or weight gain during treatment. The importance of considering the metabolic effects of the progestogen component of oral contraceptives is stressed.

Antidiabetic Effect of Aqueous Corrigiola telephiifolia in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morad Hebi ◽  
Mohamed Eddouks
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Antidiabetic Effect ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Background: Corrigiola telephiifolia Pourr, is a perennial species, woody distributed throughout the north of Africa. This plant is used in traditional Mediterranean preparations and has many traditional uses especially treatment of diabetes. Aim/Methods: The current research was carried out to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of Aerial Parts of Aqueous Extract (APAE) of Corrigiola telephiifolia (C. telephiifolia) on both normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats treated at a dose of 5 mg/kg for fifteen days. Additionally, the histopathological changes in the liver, morphometric analysis, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) in normal rats and preliminary phytochemical screening for various components were realized. Results: Single oral administration of the APAE of C. telephiifolia (5mg/kg) showed no significant change in glycaemia of normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats. In contrast, repeated oral administration of C. telephiifolia reduced blood glucose levels from 4.11 ± 0.10 mmol/L to 3.16 ± 0.16 mmol/L (p<0.01) 15 days after administration in normal rats. Furthermore, blood glucose levels decreased from 17.84 ± 1.75mmol/L to 1.93 ± 0.33 mmol/L (p<0.0001) in STZ diabetic rats after fifteen days of treatment. According to the oral glucose tolerance test, C. telephiifolia (5 mg/kg) was shown to prevent significantly the increase in blood glucose levels in normal treated rats 30 min after glucose administration when compared to the control group. Also, the liver architecture of diabetic rats treated by C. telephiifolia was improved when compared with the liver architecture of untreated diabetic rats. Concerning the preliminary phytochemical screening of C. telephiifolia, several compounds have been found such as polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, mucilage and terpenoids. Conclusion: The results show that the aqueous extract of C. telephiifolia possesses significant antihyperglycemic activity.

Effects of Different Methods Used to Take Blood Samples on Blood Glucose Measurements

2021 ◽  
pp. 105477382110247
Author(s):  
Eda Ergin ◽  
Ayten Zaybak
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Quasi Experimental

The purpose of this study is to compare whether or not there is a difference between venous and capillary blood samples in blood glucose measurements and investigate the effects of different aseptic methods used in skin cleaning before collecting blood samples on measurement results. This quasi-experimental study was conducted with 109 patients. The capillary first and second blood drop values taken from the patients after fasting and at 2 hours following 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and capillary and venous blood glucose values were compared. There was no significant difference between the median venous blood glucose value and the capillary second blood drop value taken after wiping the finger with alcohol. There was no significant difference between the first and second blood drop values of capillary blood glucose 2 hours after OGTT.

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