scholarly journals Soil Microbial Community Structure and Target Organisms under Different Fumigation Treatments

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadikshya R. Dangi ◽  
James S. Gerik ◽  
Rebecca Tirado-Corbalá ◽  
Husein Ajwa
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Field Samples

Producers of several high-value crops in California rely heavily on soil fumigants to control key diseases, nematodes, and weeds. Fumigants with broad biocidal activity can affect both target and nontarget soil microorganisms. The ability of nontarget soil microorganisms to recover after fumigation treatment is critical because they play an important role in sustaining the health of agricultural and natural soil systems. Fumigation trial was conducted in Parlier, CA, and the study focuses on the effects of different rates of Telone C35 and also methyl bromide fumigation with polyethylene (PE) and totally impermeable film (TIF) tarps on target and nontarget soil microorganisms using field samples. Results indicated that the populations of target organisms, such asFusarium oxysporumandPythiumspp., were reduced at all rates of fumigants. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis indicated that all major nontarget soil microbial groups such as Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria, fungi, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were affected by methyl bromide (MeBr) fumigation treatment. In general, the effects of Telone C35 (299 L/ha) under PE tarp had the least impact on microbial community structure and better effect on controlling target microorganisms and, therefore, indicated the better option among fumigation treatments.

Soil Microbial Community Structure in Tree Peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) Garden Based on PLFA Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
Dong Xue ◽  
Xiang Dong Huang ◽  
Lian Xue
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Tree Peony ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Chronological Change

Understanding the chronological change in soil microbial community structure of tree peony garden ecosystem is important from ecological, environmental, and management perspectives. Soil samples were collected from three tree peony garden systems (5-, 12-, and 25-year-old tree peony gardens), and adjacent wasteland at Luoyang, Henan Province of China. Soil microbial community structure was analyzed by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) method. The bacterial and actinomycete PLFAs increased from the wasteland to 5-year-old tree peony garden and then decreased from the 5- to 25-year-old tree peony garden, and the fungal PLFA first increased and then decreased with the increasing planting years, with the greatest amount found in the 12-year-old tree peony garden. The conversion from the wasteland to tree peony garden resulted in a significant increase in Shannon index, Richness, and Evenness. However, with the succeeding development of tree peony garden ecosystems, Shannon index, Richness, and Evenness decreased from the 5- to 25-year-old tree peony garden.

scholarly journals Effects of microplastic and microglass particles on soil microbial community structure in an arable soil (Chernozem)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Wiedner ◽  
Steven Polifka
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Soil Microbiology ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Terrestrial Environments

Abstract. Since decades, microplastics and microglass enter aquatic and terrestrial environments. The complexity of the environmental impact is difficult to capture and consequences on ecosystem components e.g. such as soil microorganisms are virtually unknown. Addressing this issue, we performed an incubation experiment by adding 1 % of five different types of impurities (≤ 100 µm) to an agricultural used soil (Chernozem). Four microplastic types (polypropylene (PP), low density polyethylene (LD-PE), polystyrene (PS) and polyamide12 (PA12)) and microglass were used as treatment variants. After 80 days of incubation at 20 °C, we examined soil microbial community structure by using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) as markers for bacteria, fungi and protozoa. The results showed that soil microorganisms were not significantly affected by the presence of microplastic and microglass. However, PLFAs tend to increase in LD-PE (27 %), PP (18 %) and microglass (11 %) treated soil in comparison with untreated soil, whereas PLFAs in PA12 (32 %) and PS (11 %) treated soil decreased. Interestingly, the comparison of PLFA contents between microplastic types revealed significant differences of PA12 (−87 %) and PS (−42 %) compared to LD-PE. Furthermore, bacterial PLFAs showed a much higher variability after microplastic incubation whereby fungi seem to be more unaffected after 80 days of incubation. Same for protozoa, which were more or less unaffected by microplastic treatment showing only minor reduction of the PLFA contents compared to control. In contrast, microglass has obviously an inhibiting effect on protozoa because PLFAs were under the limit of determination. Our study provides hints, that microplastics have, depending on type, contrary effects on soil microbiology and microglass seems to be highly toxic for protozoa.

Variation in soil microbial communities across a boreal spruce forest landscape

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1504-1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisbet Holm Bach ◽  
Åsa Frostegård ◽  
Mikael Ohlson
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Spruce Forest ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial

We investigated soil microbial community structure by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis in a mature boreal spruce forest landscape in southern Norway, with low diversity of vascular plants. We investigated the spatial variation in PLFAs and the importance of environmental variables in 10 plots (each 13 samples) in a study area of 1 km × 1 km. The scales investigated were 15 cm to 10 m within study plots and 100 m to 1 km between study plots. Soil microbial biomass varied 10-fold and we found a large variation in microbial community structure, even at distances of 15 cm. Samples aggregated into plots when PLFAs were subjected to a principal components analysis. Plot identity explained 36.3% of the variation in the PLFAs and geostatistical analysis showed that the microbial community structure displayed spatial dependence at within-plot distances. Environmental variables differed significantly between all plots but explained only minor parts of the variation in the overall PLFA pattern. The vegetation variables were, however, the best at explaining the PLFA pattern, and up to 60% of within-plot variation in individual plots, respectively, could be explained by vegetation variables, pH, and soil depth.

scholarly journals Effects of microplastic and microglass particles on soil microbial community structure in an arable soil (Chernozem)

SOIL ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-324
Author(s):  
Katja Wiedner ◽  
Steven Polifka
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Soil Microbiology ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial

Abstract. Microplastic and microglass particles from different sources enter aquatic and terrestrial environments. The complexity of their environmental impact is difficult to capture, and the consequences for ecosystem components, for example, the soil microorganisms, are virtually unknown. To address this issue, we performed an incubation experiment by adding 1 % of five different types of impurities (≤100 µm) to an agriculturally used soil (Chernozem) and simulating a worst-case scenario of contamination. The impurities were made of polypropylene (PP), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene (PS), polyamide 12 (PA12) and microglass. After 80 d of incubation at 20 ∘C, we examined the soil microbial community structure by using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) as markers for bacteria, fungi and protozoa. The results showed that soil microorganisms were not significantly affected by the presence of microplastic and microglass. However, PLFAs tend to increase with LDPE (28 %), PP (19 %) and microglass (11 %) in treated soil in comparison with untreated soil, whereas PLFAs in PA12 (32 %) and PS (11 %) in treated soil decreased. Interestingly, PLFAs revealed significant differences in PA12 (−89 %) and PS (−43 %) in comparison with LDPE. Furthermore, variability of bacterial PLFAs was much higher after microplastic incubation, while fungi seemed to be unaffected from different impurities after 80 d of incubation. Similar results were shown for protozoa, which were also more or less unaffected by microplastic treatment as indicated by the minor reduction in PLFA contents compared to the control group. In contrast, microglass seems to have an inhibiting effect on protozoa because PLFAs were under the limit of determination. Our study indicated that high amounts of different microplastics may have contrary effects on soil microbiology. Microglass might have a toxic effect for protozoa.

Structure of soil microbial communities in sugi plantations and seminatural broad-leaved forests with different land-use historyThis article is one of a selection of papers published in the Special Forum on Towards Sustainable Forestry — The Living Soil: Soil Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function.

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miho Matsushita ◽  
Satoshi Ito ◽  
Sadatoshi Meguro ◽  
Shinsaku Kawachi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Land Use History ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial

Phospholipid fatty acid profiles were used to evaluate microbial community composition in different soil layers of sugi ( Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) D. Don) plantations and seminatural secondary forests in southeastern Kyushu, Japan. These forests had previously been utilized as meadows or coppices. Principal components analysis and canonical correspondence analysis of the phospholipid fatty acid data demonstrated differences in microbial community structure between current vegetation (sugi plantations or seminatural forests) in the FH layer. In contrast, differences between the previous land-use types (meadows or coppices) were detected through variation in the soil microbial community structure in the upper part of the A layer (0–5 cm). However, in the deeper part of the A layer (5–10 cm), the influence of the previous land-use history on soil microbial community structure was weak and the influence of the current vegetation could be detected. In the 0–5 cm part of the A layer, the organic matter was correlated with the microbial community structure. However, it cannot be assumed that these soil chemical characteristics were the principal factors responsible for separation of the microbial communities based on previous land-use history because the difference in chemical characteristics between the sites was small.

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