scholarly journals A Systematic Approach to the Application of Soft Tissue Histopathology in Paleopathology

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Grove ◽  
Oliver Peschel ◽  
Andreas G. Nerlich
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Tissue Preservation ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Desert Areas

The application of histology to soft tissue remains offers an important technique to obtain diagnostically important information on various physiological and pathological conditions in paleopathology. In a series of 29 cases with mummified tissue ranging between 16 months and c. 5.200 years of postmortem time interval, we systematically investigated paleohistology and the preservation of various tissues. We established a reproducible histological ranking system for the evaluation of mummified tissue preservation. The application of this scheme to the series showed good tissue preservation of tissues with high connective tissue content but also fat tissue and connective tissue rich organs, such as lung tissue, while most other internal organs were less well preserved despite highly different postmortem time intervals. There are some organs with only poor conservation even in short term periods such as the kidneys and CNS. Artificial mummification does not provide better conservation than naturally mummified tissues; “cold” mummies may be much better conserved than those from desert areas. The identification of specific pathologies underlines the potential power of paleohistology.

scholarly journals VARIABILITY OF ARTERIAL PRESSURE AT SHORT-TERM TIME INTERVALS

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
S. M. Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Short Time

The time and spectral analysis of blood pressure signals (BP of systolic, diastolic, pulse) obtained in real time and reflecting the work of the heart at short time intervals is presented. As a time interval, a sequence of one hundred cardiac cycles was chosen. The main parameters of variability are determined. The proposed method of analysis is an analogue of heart rate variability (HRV), based on the study of RR cardiointervals. Spectral analysis of blood pressure signals shows differences in the degree of orderliness or disorder of individual frequencies or the spectrum as a whole. The presented methodology will allow to reveal further features for use in the diagnosis of various pathologies.

Effect of short-term infusion of hydrogen on enteric gas production and rumen environment in dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 466 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Olijhoek ◽  
A. L. F. Hellwing ◽  
M. R. Weisbjerg ◽  
J. Dijkstra ◽  
O. Højberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Ch4 Production

Methane (CH4) production by rumen methanogens lowers hydrogen (H2) pressure and, in theory, prevents inhibition of fermentation processes by H2 accumulation. The present study aimed at examining effects of short-term H2 infusion on CH4 production and the volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile. Four lactating Holstein dairy cows fitted with rumen cannula were each infused once with pure H2 into the rumen at a rate of 48.0 L/h during 5.75 h in between the morning and afternoon feeding. Gas exchange and feed intake were measured continuously by open-circuit respiration chambers during 5 days. Rumen liquid was sampled twice a day in connection with milking and feeding (0630 hours and 1700 hours) and analysed for VFA. Gas exchange and dry matter intake (DMI) were analysed for 5-h steady-state H2 concentrations (TI5) measured in respiration chambers and for 24-h time intervals (TI24) on the day before, during and after infusion. Hydrogen infusion did not affect the total VFA concentration and VFA molar proportions for either time interval. Methane production was higher for TI5 during infusion (130 L/5 h) than it was the day before infusion (120 L/5 h), but not the day after infusion (122 L/5 h). Methane production for TI24 and DMI for TI5 and TI24 were unaffected. Oxygen consumption and CH4 : CO2 were highest during infusion for TI5, but not for TI24. After correcting for H2 naturally produced, on average, 46.7 L H2/h was measured during TI5, indicating that 2.7% of the infused H2 was retained in the rumen. In conclusion, H2 infusion did not affect the VFA profile, but slightly increased CH4 production and CH4 : CO2.

scholarly journals Evaluation of long-term sagittal lip changes using Burstone line: Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Rachel Sathekge ◽  
Colin Lesar
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Linear Distance ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
The Mean

Objective Lip position has become one of the most important soft tissue analyses as it influences the occlusion, tooth stability and facial aesthetic. Hence, the objective of this study was to compare the short-term and long-term sagittal lip positions/changes using the Burstone line (B-line).   Methods The sample consisted of 18 Caucasoid females only (14 extractions, 4 non-extractions) who were successfully treated with edgewise appliances. All the patients were evaluated before treatment (T1),at the end of active treatment (T2), and at a long-term follow-up observation (T3). The mean age at commencement was 13.2 years with the range of 10.5-19 years. The linear distance between the tip of the lips and the B-line were measured.   Results T1-T2 time intervals showed the upper lip underwent a mean change of 1.272 mm relative to the B-line (-32.8%) which was statistically significant. The lower lip showed a mean change of 1.549 mm (-22.2%), but these changes were not statistically significant. Lip protrusion relative to the B-line continued to reduce during the long term follow up period. The upper lip showed slight changes (-9.2%), whereas the lower lip demonstrated greater change (-53.8%).   Conclusion Using B-line, the sagittal soft tissue lip positions were more retrusive on the long-term follow-up records for both extraction and non-extraction cases, their values were not very different from the normal values of the untreated cases. Although the differences were not statistically significant,  upper lips were retrusive post treatment from T1-T2, while were statistically significant the lower lips were retrusive from T1-T2.

Short-term entrainment of ventilation to the walking cycle in humans

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 570-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Hill ◽  
J. M. Adams ◽  
B. E. Parker ◽  
D. F. Rochester
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Present Method ◽  
Breathing Pattern ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Pattern Generator ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Coupling Pattern

We describe a breath-by-breath method to test for entrainment of breathing and walking cycles. Thirty-eight normal subjects walked comfortably on a treadmill while breathing through a pneumotachograph. We analyzed the time intervals between heel strikes and the onset of inspiration (or expiration) for evidence of phase locking between steps and breaths, using Monte Carlo simulation to model the probability that n consecutive inspirations (or expirations) would begin at a constant time interval +/- 0.10 s from heel strikes by chance. We developed empirical criteria for rhythm synchronization during series of four or more breaths, while maintaining an estimated specificity of 95%. The majority of subjects showed some evidence of entrainment (29 +/- 23% of breaths on average), which occurred intermittently, usually lasting less than 10 breaths at a time. The precision of phase locking during spontaneous entrainment was similar to that in 10 subjects who attempted to maintain deliberate entrainment. The results suggest that the walking cadence provides a persuasive, but not dominant, input to the central breathing pattern generator. The present method can detect entrainment even when it occurs sporadically or with varying coupling pattern.

scholarly journals Effect of Time Intervals on K-nearest Neighbors Model for Short-term Traffic Flow Prediction

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
Zhao Liu ◽  
Xiao Qin ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Xuanbing Zhu ◽  
Yun Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Nonparametric Model ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
K Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Traffic Flow Prediction ◽  
Flow Prediction

The accuracy and reliability in predicting short-term traffic flow is important. The K-nearest neighbors (K-NN) approach has been widely used as a nonparametric model for traffic flow prediction. However, the reliability of the K-NN model results is unknown and the uncertainty of traffic flow point prediction needs to be quantified. To this end, we extended the K-NN approach by constructing the prediction interval associated with the point prediction. Recognizing the stochastic nature of traffic, time interval used to measure traffic flow rate is remarkably influential. In this paper, extensive tests have also been conducted after aggregating real traffic flow data into time intervals, ranging from 3 minutes to 30 minutes. The results show that the performance of traffic flow prediction can be improved when the time interval increases. More importantly, when the time interval is shorter than 10 minutes, K-NN can generate higher accuracy of the point prediction than the selected benchmark model. This finding suggests the K-NN model may be more appropriate for traffic flow point and interval prediction at a shorter time interval.

Ultrastructure of Lymphatic Capillaries in the Transport of Colloidal Particles

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 186-187
Author(s):  
L. V. Leak ◽  
J. F. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Thorium Dioxide ◽  
Lymphatic Capillary ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Rapid Removal ◽  
Tissue Fluids

The vital role played by the lymphatic capillaries in the transfer of tissue fluids and particulate materials from the connective tissue area can be demonstrated by the rapid removal of injected vital dyes into the tissue areas. In order to ascertain the mechanisms involved in the transfer of substances from the connective tissue area at the ultrastructural level, we have injected colloidal particles of varying sizes which range from 80 A up to 900-mμ. These colloidal particles (colloidal ferritin 80-100A, thorium dioxide 100-200 A, biological carbon 200-300 and latex spheres 900-mμ) are injected directly into the interstitial spaces of the connective tissue with glass micro-needles mounted in a modified Chambers micromanipulator. The progress of the particles from the interstitial space into the lymphatic capillary lumen is followed by observing tissues from animals (skin of the guinea pig ear) that were injected at various time intervals ranging from 5 minutes up to 6 months.

METABOLIC STUDIES WITH 131I-LABELED THYROXINE. II.

1963 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Grinberg
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Tentative Explanation

ABSTRACT Radiologically thyroidectomized female Swiss mice were injected intraperitoneally with 131I-labeled thyroxine (T4*), and were studied at time intervals of 30 minutes and 4, 28, 48 and 72 hours after injection, 10 mice for each time interval. The organs of the central nervous system and the pituitary glands were chromatographed, and likewise serum from the same animal. The chromatographic studies revealed a compound with the same mobility as 131I-labeled triiodothyronine in the organs of the CNS and in the pituitary gland, but this compound was not present in the serum. In most of the chromatographic studies, the peaks for I, T4 and T3 coincided with those for the standards. In several instances, however, such an exact coincidence was lacking. A tentative explanation for the presence of T3* in the pituitary gland following the injection of T4* is a deiodinating system in the pituitary gland or else the capacity of the pituitary gland to concentrate T3* formed in other organs. The presence of T3* is apparently a characteristic of most of the CNS (brain, midbrain, medulla and spinal cord); but in the case of the optic nerve, the compound is not present under the conditions of this study.

SEDIMENT COMPOSITION OF BURGESS SHALE TYPE LAGERSTÄTTEN: IMPLICATIONS FOR SOFT-TISSUE PRESERVATION

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross P. Anderson ◽  
◽  
Nicholas J. Tosca ◽  
Robert R. Gaines ◽  
Derek E.G. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Tissue Preservation ◽  
Burgess Shale ◽  
Sediment Composition ◽  
Soft Tissue Preservation

scholarly journals Neural Network Approach for Global Solar Irradiance Prediction at Extremely Short-Time-Intervals Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1213
Author(s):  
Ahmed Aljanad ◽  
Nadia M. L. Tan ◽  
Vassilios G. Agelidis ◽  
Hussain Shareef
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Backpropagation Neural Networks ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Short Time

Hourly global solar irradiance (GSR) data are required for sizing, planning, and modeling of solar photovoltaic farms. However, operating and controlling such farms exposed to varying environmental conditions, such as fast passing clouds, necessitates GSR data to be available for very short time intervals. Classical backpropagation neural networks do not perform satisfactorily when predicting parameters within short intervals. This paper proposes a hybrid backpropagation neural networks based on particle swarm optimization. The particle swarm algorithm is used as an optimization algorithm within the backpropagation neural networks to optimize the number of hidden layers and neurons used and its learning rate. The proposed model can be used as a reliable model in predicting changes in the solar irradiance during short time interval in tropical regions such as Malaysia and other regions. Actual global solar irradiance data of 5-s and 1-min intervals, recorded by weather stations, are applied to train and test the proposed algorithm. Moreover, to ensure the adaptability and robustness of the proposed technique, two different cases are evaluated using 1-day and 3-days profiles, for two different time intervals of 1-min and 5-s each. A set of statistical error indices have been introduced to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. From the results obtained, the 3-days profile’s performance evaluation of the BPNN-PSO are 1.7078 of RMSE, 0.7537 of MAE, 0.0292 of MSE, and 31.4348 of MAPE (%), at 5-s time interval, where the obtained results of 1-min interval are 0.6566 of RMSE, 0.2754 of MAE, 0.0043 of MSE, and 1.4732 of MAPE (%). The results revealed that proposed model outperformed the standalone backpropagation neural networks method in predicting global solar irradiance values for extremely short-time intervals. In addition to that, the proposed model exhibited high level of predictability compared to other existing models.

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