Effect of short-term infusion of hydrogen on enteric gas production and rumen environment in dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 466 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Olijhoek ◽  
A. L. F. Hellwing ◽  
M. R. Weisbjerg ◽  
J. Dijkstra ◽  
O. Højberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Ch4 Production

Methane (CH4) production by rumen methanogens lowers hydrogen (H2) pressure and, in theory, prevents inhibition of fermentation processes by H2 accumulation. The present study aimed at examining effects of short-term H2 infusion on CH4 production and the volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile. Four lactating Holstein dairy cows fitted with rumen cannula were each infused once with pure H2 into the rumen at a rate of 48.0 L/h during 5.75 h in between the morning and afternoon feeding. Gas exchange and feed intake were measured continuously by open-circuit respiration chambers during 5 days. Rumen liquid was sampled twice a day in connection with milking and feeding (0630 hours and 1700 hours) and analysed for VFA. Gas exchange and dry matter intake (DMI) were analysed for 5-h steady-state H2 concentrations (TI5) measured in respiration chambers and for 24-h time intervals (TI24) on the day before, during and after infusion. Hydrogen infusion did not affect the total VFA concentration and VFA molar proportions for either time interval. Methane production was higher for TI5 during infusion (130 L/5 h) than it was the day before infusion (120 L/5 h), but not the day after infusion (122 L/5 h). Methane production for TI24 and DMI for TI5 and TI24 were unaffected. Oxygen consumption and CH4 : CO2 were highest during infusion for TI5, but not for TI24. After correcting for H2 naturally produced, on average, 46.7 L H2/h was measured during TI5, indicating that 2.7% of the infused H2 was retained in the rumen. In conclusion, H2 infusion did not affect the VFA profile, but slightly increased CH4 production and CH4 : CO2.

Effects of gallic acid on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production using rumen simulation (Rusitec) and batch-culture techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wei ◽  
J. Guyader ◽  
L. Collazos ◽  
K. A. Beauchemin ◽  
G. Y. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of adding gallic acid (GA) to ruminant diets on long- and short-term in vitro rumen fermentation and methane (CH4) production, and to test possible interactions between GA and ethanol on fermentation. The first experiment was conducted using the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec), as a completely randomised block design with four replications and the following four doses of GA: 0, 5, 10 and 20 mg GA/g dry matter (DM). Ethanol was used in all treatments to increase the solubilisation of GA in rumen fluid. The experimental period lasted 16 days, of which the first 7 days were for adaptation and the subsequent 9 days were for sampling. The second experiment was a 48-h batch-culture incubation conducted as a completely randomised design with a 4 (GA dose; 0, 10, 20, and 40 mg GA/g DM) × 2 (with or without ethanol) arrangement of treatments. In the Rusitec experiment, addition of GA up to 20 mg/g DM did not affect DM disappearance (DMD), organic matter (OM) disappearance, neutral detergent-fibre disappearance (NDFD), acid detergent-fibre disappearance (ADFD) or starch disappearance (P > 0.05), but crude protein disappearance was linearly decreased (P = 0.04) from 78.3% to 72.0%. Daily gas production and CH4 production expressed as mL/g DM and mL/g DMD were not affected by addition of GA (P > 0.05). Addition of GA up to 20 mg/g DM increased butyrate and isovalerate production (P < 0.05) and tended to increase isobutyrate (P = 0.09) and decrease heptanoate production (P = 0.07). In the batch-culture experiment, adding GA up to 40 mg/g DM linearly increased 48-h DMD, NDFD and ADFD (P < 0.05) and decreased (P < 0.05) CH4 expressed as mL/g DMD, mL/g NDFD and mL/g ADFD. Methane production was decreased after 24 h and 48 h only when GA was added at 10 mg/g DM without ethanol. Fermentation liquid pH and concentration of ammonia-nitrogen (ammonia-N) were also reduced (P < 0.05) with an increasing concentration of GA. Treatments with ethanol notably enhanced 48-h DMD, NDFD, ADFD, gas production (mL/g DM, mL/g OM or mL/g DMD), CH4 production (mL/g DM, mL/g DMD or mL/g NDFD), total volatile fatty acid concentration, the acetate:propionate ratio, acetate, valerate, isovalerate and caproate molar proportions (P < 0.01) and decreased propionate, butyrate and isobutyrate molar proportions (P < 0.01). Significant dose of GA × ethanol interaction was observed only for acetate molar proportion (P = 0.03). In conclusion, our study suggests that the beneficial effects of GA on feed digestion and CH4 production may be short term, while improvements in N metabolism may be sustained over the long term. It may be useful to conduct long-term in vivo studies using a range of diets and doses to verify whether GA can be used as a feed additive to mitigate enteric CH4 production and improve N metabolism of ruminants.

PSXIII-4 Effects of “País” grape marc on in vitro methane production and ruminal fermentation parameters of a forage diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 468-468
Author(s):  
Sandra Suescun-Ospina ◽  
Nelson Vera ◽  
Rita Astudillo ◽  
Jorge Avila-Stagno
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Grape Marc ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Abstract Grape marc (GM) is a viticulture by-product used as cattle supplement in periods of shortage of conventional feed sources. It contains fats, high concentrations of polyphenols and has been reported to reduce enteric methane (CH4) emissions. In-vitro batch culture was used to study the effects of substitution of mixed hay (MH) for a traditional Chilean variety (Vitis vinifera “País”) of GM on in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), rumen fermentation parameters (short chain fatty acids, pH, partitioning factor), gas and CH4 production in a 60% forage diet (dry matter, DM). The study was a randomized complete design with 3 treatments and 3 replicates, incubated for 24 h at 39º C. Treatments were: T1 (Control): 20% MH, 40% corn silage, 40% concentrate; T2 = 10% MH, 10% GM, 40% corn silage, 40% concentrate; T3 = 20% GM, 40% corn silage, 40% concentrate. Means were compared with the Tukey test (P < 0.05), and polynomial contrasts. Substitution of MH with GM significantly reduced ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) by 50% (P < 0.05), although it did not affect IVDMD, gas production or other rumen fermentation parameters (P > 0.05). Total CH4 (mg) linearly decreased (P = 0.013) as concentrations of GM increased. Methane production (mg/g DM incubated) and yield (mg/g DM digested) decreased linearly (P = 0.002 and P = 0.003, respectively) as inclusion of GM increased. Inclusion of GM at 20% reduced CH4 production by 19% and CH4 yield by 16.4%. These results indicate that partial substitution of dietary fiber sources with traditional Chilean País GM in high fiber diets is a viable feeding alternative, and can decrease environmental impact (lower CH4 and ammonia emissions) of ruminant livestock, without negatively affecting rumen fermentation parameters.

The use of cumulative gas production technique to characterize changes in the fermentation characteristics of rumen contents following variable periods of starvation and grazing in dairy cows

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Chilibrostet ◽  
B. A. Williams ◽  
S. Tamminga ◽  
S. Calabro
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Starvation Period ◽  
Half Time ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Grazing Experiment ◽  
Time Required

AbstractThe effect of the duration of grazing (experiment 1) and starvation time and placement in the rumen of inert bulk material before grazing (experiment 2), on the rumen content ferment ability, was investigated by means of measuring cumulative gas production. In experiment 1, a comparison was made of four durations of grazing (1, 1·75, 2·50 and 3·25 h) after overnight starvation. Rumen samples taken from the cows after 1 h of grazing had higher values of total accumulated gas with less (P < 0·05) time required to reach the maximum fermentation rate than cows grazed for 3·25 h. Following grazing, a 7·75·h starvation period was imposed on the four treatments. The extent of fermentation was significantly lower (P < 0·01) after starvation than immediately after grazing (49·7 v. 60·8% of incubated dry matter (DM), respectively). Experiment 2 consisted of a factorial combination of two durations of starvation before grazing (16·5 (LS) and 2·5 (SS) h) with the presence or absence in the rumen of 12·5 kg of a synthetic indigestible material. Before grazing the total accumulated gas production was less (P < 0·05) for the LS than for the SS cows. After the grazing session, the total gas of rumen samples from the LS cows was significantly higher (P < 0·05) than for the SS cows.This was in agreement with the observed higher DM intake during grazing and DM rumen pools after grazing in LS cows. For both starvation periods, the presence of inert rumen bulk led to a higher total gas, a shorter half-time and less DM left unfermented. The measurement of fermentation kinetics by cumulative gas production was suitable to detect changes in rumen content fermentation patterns due to the clearance of material from the rumen (effect of starvation) or DM intake during the grazing sessions.

scholarly journals Pomegranate seed oil rich in conjugated linolenic acids reduces in vitro methane production

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-335
Author(s):  
E. Maleki ◽  
G.Y. Meng ◽  
M. Faseleh Jahromi ◽  
R. Jorfi ◽  
A. Khoddami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ch4 Production

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed oil (PSO) on gas and methane (CH4) production, ruminal fermentation and microbial populations under in vitro conditions. Three treatments consisting of a control diet containing 10 mg tallow (CON); the control diet with 5 mg PSO + 5 mg tallow (MPSO) and the control diet containing 10 mg PSO (HPSO) were compared. Ten mg of the experimental fat/oil samples were inserted into a gas-tight 100 mL plastic syringe containing 30 mL of an incubation inoculum and 250 mg of a basic substrate of a hay/concentrate (1/1, w/w) mixture. In vitro gas production was recorded over 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h of incubation. After 24 hours, incubation was stopped, and methane production, pH, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and microbial counts were measured in the inoculant. Gas production at 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h incubation, metabolizable energy and in vitro organic matter disappearance increased linearly and quadratically as level of PSO increased. Furthermore, the 10 mg PSO (HPSO) decreased CH4 production by 21.0% compared with the control (CON) group. There were no significant differences in total and individual VFA concentrations between different levels of PSO, except for butyric acid. After 24 h of incubation, methanogenesis decreased in the HPSO compared with the MPSO and CON treatments. In addition, total bacteria and protozoa counts increased with rising PSO levels, while population methanogenesis declined significantly. These results suggested that PSO could reduce methane emissions, which might be beneficial to nutrient utilization and growth in ruminants.

scholarly journals A Systematic Approach to the Application of Soft Tissue Histopathology in Paleopathology

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Grove ◽  
Oliver Peschel ◽  
Andreas G. Nerlich
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Tissue Preservation ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Desert Areas

The application of histology to soft tissue remains offers an important technique to obtain diagnostically important information on various physiological and pathological conditions in paleopathology. In a series of 29 cases with mummified tissue ranging between 16 months and c. 5.200 years of postmortem time interval, we systematically investigated paleohistology and the preservation of various tissues. We established a reproducible histological ranking system for the evaluation of mummified tissue preservation. The application of this scheme to the series showed good tissue preservation of tissues with high connective tissue content but also fat tissue and connective tissue rich organs, such as lung tissue, while most other internal organs were less well preserved despite highly different postmortem time intervals. There are some organs with only poor conservation even in short term periods such as the kidneys and CNS. Artificial mummification does not provide better conservation than naturally mummified tissues; “cold” mummies may be much better conserved than those from desert areas. The identification of specific pathologies underlines the potential power of paleohistology.

scholarly journals Influence of Kappaphycus Alvarezii and Gracilaria Salicornia Supplementation on in Vitro Fermentation Pattern, Total Gas and Methane Production of Mixed Substrates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vithal K. Munde ◽  
Asit Das ◽  
Putan Singh ◽  
Ashok K. Verma ◽  
Nirmala Muwel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constant ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Mixed Substrates ◽  
Gracilaria Salicornia ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fermentation Pattern

Abstract This experiment was conducted to study the effect of supplementation of Kappaphycus alvarezii (KA) and Gracilaria salicornia (GS) in vitro fermentation pattern, total gas and methane production of mixed substrates. Basal substrate comprising of concentrates and wheat straw (50:50) was supplemented with either 0% (control), 1 (KA1), 2 (KA2), 4 (KA4), 6 (KA6), and 8 % (KA8) of Kappaphycus; and, 1 (GS1), 2 (GS2), 4 (GS4), 6 (GS6), and 8 (GS8 ) of Gracilaria, respectively. Asymptote, rate constant of gas production and t-half, concentration of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was not affected up to 2% level KA supplementation, beyond which asymptote, and rate constant of gas production, TVFA, and IVDMD decreased and t-half increased (P<0.001). Asymptote, rate constant of gas production, TVFA and IVDMD was not affected at 1% level of inclusion, beyond which a steady decline in these parameters was observed (P<0.001). Methane production (ml/g DM) was higher (P<0.001) in CON, followed by KA1 and KA2, and lower values were observed in by KA4, KA6 and KA8. Methane production (ml/kg DM) declined (P<0.001) steadily with increased level of GS in the substrates. From the results it was concluded that inclusion of Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracilaria salicornia at 2 and 1%, respectively in the fermentation substrate can reduce in vitro methane production without any adverse impact on total gas production and in vitro dry matter digestibility.

scholarly journals Flavonoids and their aromatic derivatives in Piper betle powder promote in vitro methane mitigation in a variety of diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayudika Aprilia Patindra Purba ◽  
Siwaporn Paengkoum ◽  
Chalermpon Yuangklang ◽  
Pramote Paengkoum
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Lactating Goats

ABSTRACT At present, there is little information regarding whether supplementation with Piper betle powder (PBP) and sunflower oil (SFO) has a synergistic effect on lowering methane emissions without negatively impacting ruminal fermentation. This study investigated the effects of PBP, supplemented either with or without SFO, on biogas release, fermentation end-products, and microorganisms in the rumen of lactating goats. The treatments were run in a completely randomized 3 × 5 factorial arrangement, whereby 0, 15, and 30 mg SFO were combined with 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 mg PBP on a dry matter basis. The outcomes were assessed in vitro. PBP was obtained from the perennial plant Piper betle L., which is an abundant source of flavonoids and their aromatic derivatives. SFO, which reduces dietary methane emissions, was supplemented to confirm whether it interacted with other nutrients in the ruminant diet. SFO × PBP significantly (p < 0.05) decreased methane production, enhanced total volatile fatty acid concentrations, and decreased the number of rumen protozoa. We found that 15-30 mg, but not 45-60 mg, PBP combined with 0, 15, and 30 mg SFO increased (p < 0.05) total gas production (including CO2) from fermentation. However, our results suggested that at least 45 mg PBP, either alone or combined with SFO, was required to reduce ammonia-N (p < 0.05). Not all treatments affected rumen pH. In conclusion, supplementing PBP (< 30 mg), either alone or combined with SFO, has a suppressing effect on methane production while preserving an optimum rate of rumen fermentation.

scholarly journals VARIABILITY OF ARTERIAL PRESSURE AT SHORT-TERM TIME INTERVALS

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
S. M. Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Short Time

The time and spectral analysis of blood pressure signals (BP of systolic, diastolic, pulse) obtained in real time and reflecting the work of the heart at short time intervals is presented. As a time interval, a sequence of one hundred cardiac cycles was chosen. The main parameters of variability are determined. The proposed method of analysis is an analogue of heart rate variability (HRV), based on the study of RR cardiointervals. Spectral analysis of blood pressure signals shows differences in the degree of orderliness or disorder of individual frequencies or the spectrum as a whole. The presented methodology will allow to reveal further features for use in the diagnosis of various pathologies.

Impact of fermented total mixed rations on intake, VFA and methane production of dairy heifers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Arangsri ◽  
V. Pattarajinda ◽  
M. Duangjinda ◽  
J. Mungkalasiri ◽  
W. Angthong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding two fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) on methane production in dairy heifers. Four Holstein Friesian dairy heifers with mean body weight (BW) of 301.1 ± 42.2 kg were used in a simple cross-over design trial. Treatments consisted of 2 FTMR formulated to yield either low (LMD) or high CH4 production (HMD). No differences were observed in dry matter intake (DMI; 6.49 and 6.19 kg/d), BW change (-3.37 and -7.25 kg), or DM digestibility (50.64 and 46.99%) between diets. Ruminal pH, total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and molar proportions of acetate, propionate and butyrate were not different among diets. Concentrations of blood glucose were higher (P=0.05) for HMD compared with LMD at 2 h post feeding; however, blood urea nitrogen was not different. Methane emissions were 236.32 L/d for LMD and 273.70 L/d for HMD and not different. Feeding the FTMR differing in CH4 potential did not affect DMI, digestibility, ruminal TVFA production or molar proportions of VFAs in dairy heifers.

scholarly journals Pithecellobium dulce, Tagetes erecta and Cosmos bipinnatus on reducing enteric methane emission by dairy cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Stefanny Hernández Pineda ◽  
Paulina Elizabeth Pedraza Beltrán ◽  
Mohammed Benaouda ◽  
José Manuel Palma García ◽  
Francisca Avilés Nova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Cosmos Bipinnatus

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present research was to evaluate the effect of Pithecellobium dulce, Tagetes erecta and Cosmos bipinnatus on methane emission, milk yield and dry matter intake in dairy cattle. A 4×4 Latin square experimental design was employed, using four multiparous Holstein cows of 553±72.4kg body weight, at mid lactation and average milk yield of 17.3±3kg/day. The experiment lasted 92 days, divided into four experimental periods of 23 days each. All cows had free access to maize and alfalfa silage in a 50:50 proportion, 4kg of concentrate/day and ad libitum access to water. Treatments consisted in supplementation of 0.5kg/day of the experimental plants, with one control treatment without supplementation. Each cow received one of each treatment in turn during one of the four periods. The C. bipinnatus reduced methane production by 16% (P<0,05) in comparison with the control diet. Milk production, milk composition and dry matter intake were not affected (p>0 0.05) by the use of C. bipinnatus or any other plant species. Supplementation at low doses of C. bipinnatus showed a reduction in ruminal methane production in dairy cows.

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