scholarly journals Coincidence of Incomplete Pentalogy of Cantrell and Meningomyelocele in a Dizygotic Twin Pregnancy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Timur ◽  
Aytekin Tokmak ◽  
Hatice Bayram ◽  
Esra Şükran Çakar ◽  
Nuri Danışman
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defect ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Dizygotic Twin ◽  
Ectopia Cordis ◽  
Pentalogy Of Cantrell

Pentalogy of Cantrell is an extremely rare and lethal syndrome. Ectopia cordis is frequently found in fetuses with POC but not required for incomplete forms. Likewise, meningomyelocele is a relatively uncommon neural tube defect affecting central nervous system and associated with neurological problems. Herein, we presented a woman with dizygotic twin pregnancy having coincidence of incomplete POC and MMC in each individual fetus, which has never been reported previously.

Profile of Neurological Congenital Anomalies in the Two Teaching Hospitals in Enugu, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Chukwubuike Emeka
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defect ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Background: Congenital anomalies of the central nervous system (CACNS) are birth defects of the physical structure of the brain or spinal cord that occur during intrauterine growth. The purpose of study was to obtain the incidence, types and risk factors of congenital anomalies of the central nervous system in the 2 teaching hospitals in Enugu, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based observational study carried out on infants delivered at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) and Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH), Enugu during the periods of January 2013 and December 2018. Diagnosis of neurological congenital anomaly was made through clinical examination by a pediatrician and a neurosurgeon. Stillborns were excluded. Results: During the study period, 15,820 were delivered in the 2 teaching hospitals, out of which 79 infants had CACNS, which gave an incidence of 0.5%. Neural tube defect was the most common neurological anomaly. A significant number of the mothers took herbal concoctions during pregnancy. About one-fifth of the neurological anomalies were diagnosed prenatally. Conclusion: This study showed an incidence of CACNS of 0.5% in the two teaching hospitals in Enugu, South East Nigeria. Neural tube defect was the most common anomaly.

Paediatric neuroscience care

2020 ◽  
pp. 467-492
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Spinal Disorders ◽  
Adult Services ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumours ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Craniofacial Syndromes

Paediatric neurology services care for children aged 0–16 years. Many of these children suffer genetic and complex neurological problems and frequently require life-long support. Hydrocephalus and central nervous system tumours are commonly presenting disorders; however, craniofacial syndromes, spinal disorders, spinal neural tube defects, epilepsy, and trauma including non-accidental injuries are frequently managed. Paediatric nurses specialize in the care of these children and support of their families but as they grow up and transition into adult services, it is the responsibility of general nurses to have a basic understanding of some of their conditions so they can maintain and continue their care.

Developmental Overview of Central Neuroanatomy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Mason
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Dorsal Telencephalon ◽  
Adult Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

The central nervous system develops from a proliferating tube of cells and retains a tubular organization in the adult spinal cord and brain, including the forebrain. Failure of the neural tube to close at the front is lethal, whereas failure to close the tube at the back end produces spina bifida, a serious neural tube defect. Swellings in the neural tube develop into the hindbrain, midbrain, diencephalon, and telencephalon. The diencephalon sends an outpouching out of the cranium to form the retina, providing an accessible window onto the brain. The dorsal telencephalon forms the cerebral cortex, which in humans is enormously expanded by growth in every direction. Running through the embryonic neural tube is an internal lumen that becomes the cerebrospinal fluid–containing ventricular system. The effects of damage to the spinal cord and forebrain are compared with respect to impact on self and potential for improvement.

scholarly journals EP03.11: Dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy with central nervous system anomalies in both fetuses

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 268-268
Author(s):  
M.W. Serafin ◽  
H. Moczulska ◽  
E. Litwinska ◽  
T. Jachymski ◽  
M. Constantinou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Central Nervous System Anomalies

Experiments on the ‘Overgrowth’ Phenomenon in the Brain of Chick Embryos

Development ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
Harry Bergquist
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Cranial Cavity ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Rostral Part ◽  
Exact Term

Patten (1952) described ‘a curious distortion of the central nervous system’ in human embryos measuring 5, 7, 12·5, 20, and 30 mm. in length, as well as in some pig embryos. The malformation was called ‘overgrowth of the neural tube’. Instead of the indecisive word ‘overgrowth’ the present writer suggests the more exact term ‘hypermorphosis’ should be used for this malformation. Patten described it in the following way: ‘the neural tube epithelium had started to grow wildly so that it became folded, and refolded on itself, as if it was crowded into a cranial space fairly normal in size and shape’. The phenomenon was most distinctly developed in the rostral part of the neural tube. In some cases the cranial cavity was expanded by the process, giving rise to a high-crowned skull. In other cases an encephalocoel was formed. In later papers (1953, 1957) Patten discussed this phenomenon further.

scholarly journals Restricted proliferation during neurogenesis contributes to regionalization of the amphioxus nervous system.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Gattoni ◽  
Toby GR Andrews ◽  
Elia Benito Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Hypothalamic Region ◽  
Dorsal Neural Tube ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
System Differentiation

The central nervous system of the cephalochordate amphioxus consists of a dorsal neural tube with an anterior brain. Two decades of gene expression analyses in developing amphioxus embryos have shown that despite the lack of overt segmentation the amphioxus neural tube is highly regionalized at the molecular level. However, little is known about the mechanisms that generate such precise regionalization. Proliferation is a key driver of pattern formation and cell type diversification, but in amphioxus it has never been studied in detail nor in the specific context of neurogenesis. Here, we describe the dynamics of cell division during the formation of the central nervous system in amphioxus embryos and its contributions to the regionalization of the neural axis. We show that after gastrulation, proliferation pauses to become spatially restricted to the anterior and posterior ends of the neural tube at neurula stages. Only at the onset of larval life, proliferation resumes in the central part of the nervous system. By marking specific populations and inhibiting cell division during neurulation, we demonstrate that proliferation in the anterior cerebral vesicle is required to establish the full cell type repertoire of the frontal eye complex and the putative hypothalamic region of the amphioxus brain, while posterior proliferating progenitors, which were found here to derive from the dorsal lip of the blastopore, contribute to elongate the caudal floor plate. Between these proliferative domains, we find trunk nervous system differentiation is independent from cell division, which decreases during neurulation and resumes at the early larval stage. Taken together, our results highlight multiple roles for proliferation in shaping the amphioxus nervous system.

scholarly journals Diagnóstico prenatal de iniencefalia. Reporte de caso.

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (03) ◽  
pp. 287-291
Author(s):  
Duly Torres-Cepeda ◽  
Eduardo Reyna-Villasmil ◽  
Martha Rondón-Tapia
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Thoracic Spine ◽  
Neural Tube Defect ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Neural Tube Closure ◽  
Associated Anomalies ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
Tube Closure

Iniencephaly is an infrequent and fatal neural tube defect that affects the occiput and neck, this occurs together with the widening of the foramen magnum, rachischisis and marked retro-flexion of the head. This entity belongs to the group of defects of neural tube closure. About 200 reports have been published in the literature. A diagnosis can be made using an ultrasound morphology test that is easy to perform due to the characteristic findings of the condition. Associated anomalies of the nervous system and other systems are frequently present during the ultrasound evaluation. Prenatal diagnosis of a neural tube defect that involves occipital defects and spinal and thoracic spine rachischisis accompanied by retro-flexion of the head should raise the diagnostic suspicion of iniencephaly. The prognosis is particularly bad with only a few cases of survival. Keywords: Iniencefalia, Neural tube defect, Prenatal diagnosis.

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