scholarly journals Enhancing Algal Growth by Stimulation with LED Lighting and Ultrasound

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Yi Hsia ◽  
Shiuh-Kuang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Ultrasound Treatment ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Led Lighting ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Potential Market ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Biomechanical Stimulation ◽  
Led Lights

Algae are not only rich in natural nutrients, but are also a high-priced health food. An important constituent called “growth factor” is extracted from algae and used as an ingredient in medical drugs, foods, cosmetics, and other products. Its enormous potential market should not be taken lightly. Algae are mostly found near coastal areas and their habitats are limited by a number of natural factors, leading to large labor and financial expenditures to harvest. This report describes our study of indoor algae production using LED lights and ultrasound and manipulating other growth factors at different temperatures. Ultrasound treatment at the alga’s natural resonant frequency was varied to determine optimal algal growth using the Taguchi method to plan and to analyze the experiments. The results were very satisfying, showing an 8.23% increase in the growth rate by the fifth day due to ultrasound treatment and an amazing 27.01% growth rate due to biomechanical stimulation.

scholarly journals Algal growth response and survival in a range of light and temperature conditions: implications for non-steady-state conditions in waste stabilisation ponds

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Bartosh ◽  
C.J. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Waste Stabilisation Ponds ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Scenedesmus Subspicatus ◽  
Different Temperatures

Growth and physiological experiments were carried out using Scenedesmus subspicatus and Chlorella vulgaris as representative species typically found in waste stabilisation ponds. These experiments were designed to test the ability of the organisms to survive and grow under a range of different temperatures and light intensities that might occur in mid to high latitude regions. Growth was assessed using optical density and photosynthetic rate for a combination of temperatures of 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C at light intensities of 7.8, 15.7, 31.3, 47, 62.7 and 78.3 μmol m−2 sec−1. C. vulgaris had a higher rate of growth and photosynthetic activity than S. subspicatus at low temperatures but had reached its maximum growth rate at 15 °C. S. subspicatus showed a higher growth rate than C. vulgaris at higher temperatures, and did not achieve its maximum growth rate over the range of temperatures studied. For both species light was not limiting to growth above 47 μmol m−2 sec−1. Survival of the two species under dark conditions was tested at 4 °C and −20 °C using direct plating and growth tests. C. vulgaris was able to survive at 4 °C for a much longer period than S. subspicatus and a portion of the population was able survive −20 °C. The different responses of the two species to dark and cold conditions are indicative of the range that may occur across a wider population, and show why in practice some species may appear earlier and compete more effectively in early spring but then lose advantage as the temperature and light intensity increases into the summer.

Enhancement of Hydrocarbon Productivity of Botryococcus braunii by an Adenine Type Phytohormone

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 397-400
Author(s):  
Jun Zhi Liu ◽  
Ya Ming Ge ◽  
Guang Ming Tian
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Botryococcus Braunii ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Algae Biofuels ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
Algal Growth Rate ◽  
Hydrocarbon Productivity

This study examined the effects of an adenine-type cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) on the growth and metabolism characteristics of Botryococcus braunii, one of the most promising oil-rich algae for biofuel production. The results showed that 6-BA of low dose (0.1-1.0 mg L-1) would enhance the algal growth rate and biochemical synthesis, whereas too much (5.0 mg L-1) would be lethally toxic for B. braunii. Noticingly, though the maximum algal growth rate, chlorophyll and β-carotenoid content were observed in the treatment with 0.5 and/or 1.0 mg L-1 6-BA, both the maximum algal hydrocarbon content and the highest hydrocarbon productivity were observed in the treatment with 0.1 mg L-1 6-BA, which were respectively 2.45 and 3.48 times of the control (39.1% vs. 16.0%, 546 mg L-1 vs. 157 mg L-1). This finding has great implications for improving algae biofuels production by phytohormone.

scholarly journals Effects of light intensity and temperature on Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Cyanobacteria) with straight and coiled trichomes: growth rate and morphology

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC. Bittencourt-Oliveira ◽  
B. Buch ◽  
TC. Hereman ◽  
JDT. Arruda-Neto ◽  
AN. Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Lower Temperature

Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenayya et Subba Raju (Ordem Nostocales) is one of the most troublesome bloom-forming species in Brazil. Understanding the population dynamics of the different morphotypes of C. raciborskii (straight and coiled) could assist in the prediction of favourable conditions for the proliferation of this potentially toxin-producing species. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of two different light intensities and temperatures on the growth rate and morphology of the trichomes of the straight and coiled morphotypes. For such, two non-toxin producing strains of C. raciborskii were used - one with a coiled trichome (ITEP31) and another with a straight trichome (ITEP28). The strains were cultured in BG-11 medium in a climatic chamber under controlled conditions. Two light intensities (30 and 90 µmol.m-2.s-1 ) were combined at temperatures of 21 and 31 °C and the growth rate and morphological changes were analysed. The morphotypes responded differently to the different temperatures and light intensities. Both strains exhibited faster growth velocities when submitted to higher light intensity and temperature. The lower temperature and higher luminosity hampered the development of both strains. Variations in cellular morphology and an absence of akinetes in both strains were related to the lower temperature (21 °C). The coiled morphotype demonstrated considerable phenotype plasticity, changing the morphology of trichome throughout its growth curve. Although molecular analysis does not sustain the separation of the morphotypes as distinct species, their different eco-physiological responses should be considered further knowledge of extreme importance for the population control of these potentially toxic organisms.

scholarly journals Characteristics оf growth and fluorescence оf certain types оf algae under acclimation to different temperatures under conditions оf cultures

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-359
Author(s):  
A. I. Akimov ◽  
E. S. Solomonova
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Positive Temperature ◽  
Tolerance Zone ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Culture Collections ◽  
Thermal Growth ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Rate ◽  
Relative Variable ◽  
Stable Growth

The temperature rate growth dependence and the relative variable fluorescence, (Fv/Fm) of some of marine planktonic algae from the culture collections were investigated. The algae optima temperature growth (Topt), upper and lower limits tolerant zone of species, and in some cases, changes in the dynamics of these parameters outside the tolerance zone were determined. The similarity of species temperature characteristics with vegetation conditions these species in the nature was observed. Prolonged stress exposure to low positive temperature (4–6°C) was reversible; recovery of the growth rate and Fv/Fm was observed immediately after the increase of temperature. At temperatures above Topt on 2–3°C for diatoms was observed gradual degradation of culture, which, depending on the duration of exposure can lead to the death of the algae. Dinoflagellate species of the summer growing season had higher temperature resistance, and remained viable at temperatures above 5–8°C high Topt, due to lower growth rates. Rising part temperature dependence of the rate of growth approximated by a linear relation, the regression coefficient is 0.08–0.13 for diatoms and 0.03–0.11 for dinophyte. The normalized values for this parameter (the relative value of change in the growth rate, %) was 5.3±0.4 for diatoms and 6.4±0.5 for dinophyte at 1°C of temperature change. For dinophyte species were also been observed larger values of the parameter Q10. The value Fv/Fm for most species had high values in the whole temperature range, in which maintained a stable growth of algae. The fall of this parameter was observed in increasing the border of tolerance zone, and was associated with inhibition of thermal growth processes.

scholarly journals Performance of fat snook juveniles reared at different temperatures

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 39766
Author(s):  
Daniel Correia ◽  
Luiz Henrique Castro David ◽  
Sara Mello Pinho ◽  
João Costa-Filho ◽  
Maurício Gustavo Coelho Emerenciano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Water Recirculation ◽  
Fat Snook

We aimed at evaluating the effects of different water temperatures on the zootechnical performance of fat snook. The experiment lasted for 60 days, which was conducted in water recirculation systems, and was randomly designed with three treatments and three replicates each, corresponding to three water temperatures (25, 28 and 31°C). A total of 225 fat snook juveniles with a mean weight of 6.45 ± 0.58 g were used, which were fed daily until apparent satiety. Zootechnical parameters were assessed and feeding rates were registered for each tested temperature. Survival rates varied from 96 to 100% among treatments. Higher values of standard and total length, and weight gain were found in 28 and 31°C (p < 0.05). With regard to final weight, final biomass, feed conversion and specific growth rate, no significant differences were observed (p > 0.05). Feeding rates did not differ among evaluated temperatures. The results show that the used temperatures did not negatively affect zootechnical performance of fat snook juveniles. 

Growth Kinetics of Salmonella Isolates in a Laboratory Medium as Affected by Isolate and Holding Temperature†

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 964-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS P. OSCAR
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Kinetics ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Laboratory Medium ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Holding Temperature

Salmonella isolates were surveyed for their growth kinetics in a laboratory medium for the purpose of identifying isolates suitable for modeling experiments. In addition, the effect of holding stationary phase Salmonella cultures at different temperatures on their subsequent growth kinetics was evaluated for the purpose of developing a protocol to prevent the need for midnight sampling in modeling experiments. In Experiment 1, 16 isolates of Salmonella, 2 from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and 14 from broiler operations, were surveyed for their growth kinetics in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth at 40°C. Lag time (P = 0.005) and growth rate (P = 0.022) were affected by identity of the isolate. Lag time ranged from 0.73 to 1.38 h, whereas growth rate ranged from 0.78 to 0.94 log10 CFU/ml/h. Overall, isolate S1 (Salmonella infantis from ATCC) was the fastest growing. In Experiment 2, 4 isolates of Salmonella, 1 from ATCC and 3 from broiler operations, were used to determine whether holding temperature influences subsequent growth kinetics. Salmonella isolates were grown to stationary phase at 37°C in BHI and then held for 24 h at 5, 22, or 37°C before dilution and reinitiation of growth in BHI at 37°C. Holding temperature did not alter or interact with identity of the isolate to alter subsequent growth kinetics. From the latter finding, a protocol was devised in which a dual-flask system is used to prevent the need for midnight sampling in modeling experiments. Similar to the results obtained in Experiment 1, identity of the isolate had only minor effects on growth kinetics in Experiment 2 indicating that all isolates examined were suitable for modeling experiments.

Non-Contact Power Supply LED Lighting System

2014 ◽  
Vol 971-973 ◽  
pp. 1099-1102
Author(s):  
You Qiang Lai ◽  
Jing Feng He ◽  
Min Ji
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Wireless Transmission ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Transmit Power ◽  
Resonant Coupling ◽  
Led Lighting ◽  
Led Lights

The design using CVRCON control and drive the oscillating circuit, making the oscillating circuit resonant coupling, realizing the wireless transmission of power, and allowing the LED lights can be lit. The key can adjust the sampling resistor value, changing the transmit power, and controlling the LED brightness.

Effect of Phosphate and Silica on the Rate of Crystallization of Sucrose

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ms. Aamarpali Ratna Puri ◽  
S. Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Mother Liquor ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Mass Transfer Process ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Concentration Difference ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Sucrose Crystals

Sucrose Crystallization is a mass transfer process. Sucrose molecule's migration from solution to crystal is driven by concentration difference between the mother liquor and the crystal surface; the coefficient of super saturation is the most important parameter for the process. Supersaturation of sugar solution depends on the purity and brix of the mother liquor. It has large influence on product's quantity and quality (crystal yield, crystal size and size distribution) and on the cost of production i.e output/hour and energy consumption. However there is still no generally applicable theory, which permits an accurate prediction of the effects of all the factors that govern the industrial processes of crystallization from solution. The crystal growth depends on the viscosity, which further depends on the nature and amount of impurities. If the local conditions are favourable, localized layers of molecules of impurity can statistically remain on the surface for a period of time. On the other hand, if the interaction between the impurity and the layer is weak, then there will be competition between impurity and sucrose molecules thus affecting the sucrose crystal growth rate. In the present study, the growth rate of sugar crystals was studied, using two-litre automatic laboratory vacuum pan, under controlled conditions in the presence of impurities. The effect of phosphate and silica (adding one at time) on the growth rate of sugar crystals was studied at two different temperatures 328 and 338K and with two different seed sizes of sucrose (850 and 600µm). The growth rate was studied at two degrees of supersaturation (1.10 and 1.15). The growth rate of sucrose crystals (with or without added impurities) showed significant increase with the 10°C rise in temperature. The growth rate of sucrose crystals increased with the increase in the level of phosphate but decreased with the increase in the level of silica in sugar solution.

Investigation of a nutrient-growth model using a continuous culture of natural phytoplankton

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 923-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Jones ◽  
P. Tett ◽  
A. C. Wallis ◽  
B. J. B. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Particulate Carbon ◽  
Particulate Nitrogen ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Dominance Pattern

Phytoplankton from Loch Creran, Argyll was maintained in continuous culture for 41 days. During most of this time the mixture of species retained the diversity and dominance pattern typical of summer phytoplankton in the loch, notwithstanding the manipulation of algal nutrient status to bring about phosphorus control of growth. Results suggest that most detritus was washed out early in the experiment.The aim of the experiment was to test the applicability to natural multispecies phytoplankton of part of Droop's (1974, 1975) model of nutrient-limited algal growth. ‘Quasi-steady states’ with respect to concentration of chlorophyll, particulate carbon (PC), particulate phosphorus (PP) and particulate nitrogen (PN), wereobserved at two levels of input of dissolved inorganic phosphorus. At other times the algal phosphorus quota (estimated from the ratio of PP to PC) varied from about 0·002 to 0·015 atoms P per atom C. Specific growth rate was estimated from the rate of increase of PC. During part of the experiment, growth rate was linearly related to reciprocal phosphorus quota, thus confirming the applicability of the model.

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