scholarly journals Impact of Soil Compaction on Bulk Density and Root Biomass ofQuercus petraeaL. at Reclaimed Post-Lignite Mining Site in Lusatia, Germany

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric K. A. Twum ◽  
Seth Nii-Annang
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Mining Site ◽  
Lignite Mining ◽  
Mining Soil ◽  
The Impact

The impact of soil compaction on bulk density and root biomass ofQuercus petraeaL. was assessed after 85 years of reclamation of post-lignite mining soil at Welzow-South, in Lusatia, Germany. Bulk density of core soils sampled from 20 to 25 cm, 100 to 105 cm, and 200 to 205 cm depths and oven-dried biomass ofQ. petraearoots sampled from 0 to 30 cm and at successive depths of 20 cm, up to 210 cm depth at compacted and uncompacted sites were determined. Bulk density was significantly higher at 20 to 25 cm (1.74±0.09 g cm−3) and 100 to 105 cm (1.65±0.06 g cm−3) depths of the compacted site. Likewise, compaction induced significant greater root biomass within the 0 to 70 cm depth with higher bulk density; root biomass at this depth was 2-fold greater compared to the uncompacted site. Root biomass decreased with soil depth and showed significant relationship with depth at both sites. The result indicates that, after 85 years of reclamation, the impact of soil compaction persisted as evident in higher bulk density and greater root biomass.

Site preparation for Pinus establishment in south-eastern Queensland. 1. Temporal changes in bulk density

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Costantini ◽  
MR Nester ◽  
M Podberscek
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Density Reduction ◽  
Poorly Drained Soils ◽  
The Impact

In south-eastern Queensland, Australia, standard site preparation practices used for Pinus plantation establishment are mounding (bedding) on poorly drained soils and blade cultivation (subsurface, wing rip) on well-drained soils. This paper reports the impacts of both site preparation treatments on soil bulk density over time. Following site preparation, the extent of bulk density reduction and the nature of bulk density consolidation was affected by soil type, soil depth and the site preparation technique used. On high strength, hardsetting soils, bulk density reductions from both mounding and blade cultivation persisted throughout the 28-month period, and contrasted with non-hardsetting soils in the plantation estate, which consolidated more rapidly and had higher bulk densities relative to precultivation levels for the period 4-28 months following site preparation. The studies reported in this paper were the first in south-eastern Queensland to investigate the impact of site preparation for Pinus establishment on the nature and longevity of bulk density reductions. Previously, plantation managers assumed that positive site preparation impacts would be relatively short-lived, and therefore developed a prudential policy of planting Pinus seedlings immediately following site preparation. For the soils studied, delays of 2-4 months, and perhaps up to 6 months, between site preparation and planting would not compromise Pinus growth, but would assist management planning.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Variation in Fine Root Biomass, Productivity and Turnover in Shorea Robusta Along the Gradient of Tree Girth Size

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachita Pandey ◽  
Surendra Singh Bargali ◽  
Kiran Bargali
Keyword(s):  
Fine Roots ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Fine Root Biomass ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Root Dynamics ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Fine roots (≤ 2 mm of diameter) contribute diminutive fractions of the overall tree biomass but are highly zestful and functionally remarkable component for assessing forest carbon and nutrient budgets. This study assessed how tree girth influenced fine root biomass (FRB), production (FRP) and turnover rate (FRT) in sub tropical sal forest.Four sites (S1, S2, S3, S4) were established in the bhabhar region of Nainital district, Uttarakhand, India within an elevational range of 405m and 580m. On the basis of girth size, sal trees were categorized in five girth size classes. Fine roots were sampled seasonally to a depth of 60 cm and divided into 3 layers (0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm).FRB was significantly affected by tree girth size (p< 0.05) while FRP and FRT showed insignificant effect. FRB was higher in lower girth classes (A-C) as compared to higher girth classes (D-E).Seasonal variation of FRB in all girth sizes showed a keen resemblance as the standing FRB reached pinnacle during rainy season and reached bottom-line in the winter season. Maximum FRB was reported for uppermost organo-mineralic soil depth (0-20 cm) at 1 m distance from tree bole and decreased with increasing soil depth and distance from tree bole while FRT showed a reverse trend. The present study will provide a holistic outlook on variations in FRB, FRP and FRT and the impact of edaphic characteristics and tree girth on fine root dynamics with respect to the studied forest stands.

Impacts of harvesting and postharvest treatments on soil bulk density, soil strength, and early growth of Pinus taeda in the Gulf Coastal Plain: a Long-Term Soil Productivity affiliated study

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mason C Carter ◽  
Thomas J Dean ◽  
Ziyin Wang ◽  
Ray A Newbold
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Strength ◽  
Gulf Coastal Plain ◽  
The Impact

At four sites in the Gulf Coastal Plain, mechanical whole-tree harvesting (MWT) removed more biomass and nutrients than hand-fell bole-only harvesting (HFBO). Soil compaction and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) regeneration growth varied among sites. At one location, MWT increased soil bulk density by 0.1 Mg·m–3, from 1.14 to 1.24 Mg·m–3, with no effect on tree growth. At a second location, where bulk density increased by 0.1 Mg·m–3, from 1.41 to 1.51 Mg·m–3, pine growth was reduced significantly. Soil strength at 15–20 cm depth increased by 0.3–0.5 MPa at both locations. However, where MWT reduced pine growth, herbaceous weed control mitigated the effect. Fertilization with N and P, where P was limiting, increased pine growth irrespective of other treatments. Where P was not limiting, addition of a complete fertilizer reduced the mitigating effect of weed control. Bedding reduced soil compaction without improving early tree growth; however, bedding was not tested on the two sites where soil compaction appeared to be at critical levels. Broadcast burning increased survival but reduced pine growth irrespective of harvesting method. Our results suggest that the impact of intensive management on site productivity varies among sites, is potentially accumulative, and is subject to change over time.

scholarly journals Assessment of the soil compaction of two ultisols caused by logging operations

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 2245-2253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moacir de Souza Dias Junior ◽  
Sérgio Ricardo Silva ◽  
Nadívio Souza dos Santos ◽  
Cezar Francisco Araujo-Junior
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Threshold Levels ◽  
Eucalypt Plantation ◽  
Capacity Model ◽  
Preconsolidation Pressure ◽  
The Impact

The impact of wood loads on bulk density and preconsolidation pressure and of harvester and forwarder traffic on rut depth, bulk density and preconsolidation pressure of two Ultisols were examined in this study. Our objective was to quantify the threshold beyond which significant soil compaction and rutting would occur. This study was carried out in the county of Eunápolis, state of Bahia, Brazil, (16 º 23 ' 17 '' S and 39 º 10 ' 06 '' W; altitude 80 m asl) in two Ultisols (PAd2 and PAd3) with different texture classes, in experimental areas with eucalypt plantation. The study involved measurements at the wood load site and machine driving at specific locations in the forest during logging operations. The treatments consisted of one harvester pass and, 8, 16 and 40 passes of a fully loaded forwarder. Thresholds were established based on the rut depth and percentage of preconsolidation pressure values in the region of additional soil compaction defined in the bearing capacity model. The percentage of soil samples with values of preconsolidation pressure in the region of additional soil compaction indicated a greater susceptibility of PAd3 than of PAd2 to soil compaction. The threshold levels established here based on preconsolidation pressure and rut depth indicated that no more than eight forwarder passes should be allowed in loading operations in order to minimize soil compaction.

Deriving regional pedotransfer functions to estimate soil bulk density in Austria

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-252
Author(s):  
Cecilie Foldal ◽  
Robert Jandl ◽  
Andreas Bohner ◽  
Ambros Berger
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Pedotransfer Functions ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
The Impact

Summary Soil bulk density is a required variable for quantifying stocks of elements in soils and is therefore instrumental for the evaluation of land-use related climate change mitigation measures. Our motivation was to derive a set of pedotransfer functions for soil bulk densities usable to accommodate different levels of data availabilities. We derived sets of linear equations for bulk density that are appropriate for different forms of land-use. After introducing uncertainty factors for measured parameters, we ran the linear models repeatedly in a Monte Carlo simulation in order to test the impact of inaccuracy. The reliability of the models was evaluated by a cross-validation. The single best predictor of soil bulk density is the content of soil organic carbon, yielding estimates with an adjusted R2 of approximately 0.5. A slight improvement of the estimate is possible when additionally, soil texture and soil depth are known. Residual analysis advocated the derivation of land-use specific models. Using transformed variables and assessing land-use specific pedotransfer functions, the determination coefficient (adjusted R2) of the multiple linear models ranged from 0.43 in cropland up to 0.65 for grassland soils. Compared to pedotransfer function, from the literature, the performance of the linear modes were similar but more accurate. Taking into account the likely inaccuracies when measuring soil organic carbon, the soil bulk density can be estimated with an accuracy of +/− 9 to 25% depending on land-use. We recommend measuring soil bulk density by standardized sampling of undisturbed soil cores, followed by post-processing of the samples in the lab by internationally harmonized protocols. Our pedotransfer functions are accurately and transparently presented, and derived from well-documented and high-quality soil data sets. We therefore consider them particularly useful in Austria, where the measured values for soil bulk densities are not available.

scholarly journals Morphology, Growth and Architecture Response of Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) and Maple Tree (Acer velutinum Boiss.) Seedlings to Soil Compaction Stress Caused by Mechanized Logging Operations

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Picchio ◽  
Farzam Tavankar ◽  
Mehrdad Nikooy ◽  
Giuseppe Pignatti ◽  
Rachele Venanzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Main Root ◽  
The Impact

The Caspian forests of Iran were monitored and evaluated for forest natural regeneration after logging activities for more than a decade. This large area has a substantial ecological, environmental and socio-economic importance. Ground based skidding is the most common logging method in these forests and soil compaction is the most critical consequence of this method. One of the current main topics and important emerging issue in forest research of the last decade are discussed in this study. Soil compaction has major influences on growth and/or mortality rates of forest seedlings. This study has lasted for over ten years so as to have a clear overview related to forest natural regeneration after logging activities. We monitored and evaluated physical soil properties (bulk density, penetration resistance and total porosity) and their effects on maple and beech seedlings on 10-year-old skid trails in the Iranian Caspian forests. Results obtained from evaluating the impact of skid trails within the aforementioned three soil physical parameters were significant; bulk density increased by 12.6% on log skidded routes (between two skidder tires on skid trail) and 36.1% on tire tracks, compared to non-skid trails (1.19 g/cm3), penetration resistance increased by 68% on log skidded routes and 220% on tire tracks, compared to non-skid trails (0.25 MPa), total porosity decreased by 12.8% on log skidded routes and 30.9% on tire tracks, compared to non-skid trails (54%). Among the morphological parameters, lateral root length (LRL) and root penetration depth (RPD) showed the highest decrease at soil compaction compared to the control (decrease in LRL: 60% in maple and 44% in beech; decrease in RPD: 56% in both maple and beech); the main response of growth parameters to soil compaction was found in roots (decrease in dry mass of 36% both in maple and beech); architectural parameters were also influenced by soil compaction, and the response of both seedling species was more evident in the ratio of main root to stem length (RRS) (reduction in RRS 42% in maple, 33% in beech); the ratio of RPD to main root length (RPL) also showed a great reduction (reduction in RPL 20% in maple 33% in beech). Physical soil properties, changes in other environmental properties of skid trails, created differences in beech and maple seedling growth between the skid trails and non-skid trails. This was closely related to the physiological characteristics of the two species studied. Beech seedlings reacted well to a moderate uncovering but they needed little disturbed soil, even if there was a very mixed bedding. Maple seedlings reacted better than beech seedlings to the uncovering and soil disturbance. The effects of the skid trail on morphology, growth and architecture of maple seedlings in the Hyrcanian beech forests showed that the maple, as a seedling, is a suitable species for maintaining the physical properties of skid trails after logging operations in the beech stands in the Caspian forests of Iran.

scholarly journals The effect of the soil compaction on the contents of alfalfa root reserve nutrients in relation to the stand density and the amount of root biomass

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hakl ◽  
J. Šantrůček ◽  
D. Kocourková ◽  
P. Fuksa
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Reserves ◽  
Weight Effect ◽  
Alfalfa Root

The reserve root nutrients influence the overwintering, regrowth, yield, and persistence of alfalfa plants. The total amount of the root reserves is considered more important than their concentration. One of the factors which can affect the reserve content can be the soil compaction. The aim of this study is to clarify the effect of the soil compaction on the reserve root nutrients in relation to the stand density and the amount of the root biomass. In this experiment, the stand density ranged from 28 to 112 plants per m<sup>2</sup>. The average soil bulk density in the uncompacted and compacted variants was found to be 1.38 and 1.52 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, respectively. In spring and autumn periods, the root samples were taken from an area of 0.25 m<sup>2</sup> (the depth 150 mm) in four replications. The number of plants, the root weight, and the concentrations of starch, saccharose, fructose, and crude protein were assessed in each plot. The total amount of the root reserves was calculated from the determined concentrations and the weights of roots of each sample. A higher soil compaction reduced significantly the stand density, root weight, total amount of all nutrients as well as the starch and crude protein concentrations. The concentration of the soluble non-structural saccharides was identical to or increased over that in the compacted variant. The negative significant effect of a higher soil compaction on the root weight and, consequently, on the total amount of all reserve root nutrients was explained by the changes in the stand density. When the root weight effect was excluded, the compacted variant provided a significantly lower density and crude protein amount and concentration. The significant effect of density on the reserve nutrients was explained by changes in the root weight.

Soil physical property changes at the North American Long-Term Soil Productivity study sites: 1 and 5 years after compaction

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah S Page-Dumroese ◽  
Martin F Jurgensen ◽  
Allan E Tiarks ◽  
Felix Ponder, Jr. ◽  
Felipe G Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
North American ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Soil Monitoring ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

The impact of forest management operations on soil physical properties is important to understand, since management can significantly change site productivity by altering root growth potential, water infiltration and soil erosion, and water and nutrient availability. We studied soil bulk density and strength changes as indicators of soil compaction before harvesting and 1 and 5 years after harvest and site treatment on 12 of the North American Long-Term Soil Productivity sites. Severe soil compaction treatments approached root-limiting bulk densities for each soil texture, while moderate compaction levels were between severe and preharvest values. Immediately after harvesting, soil bulk density on the severely compacted plots ranged from 1% less than to 58% higher than preharvest levels across all sites. Soil compaction increases were noticeable to a depth of 30 cm. After 5 years, bulk density recovery on coarse-textured soils was evident in the surface (0–10 cm) soil, but recovery was less in the subsoil (10–30 cm depth); fine-textured soils exhibited little recovery. When measured as a percentage, initial bulk density increases were greater on fine-textured soils than on coarser-textured soils and were mainly due to higher initial bulk density values in coarse-textured soils. Development of soil monitoring methods applicable to all soil types may not be appropriate, and more site-specific techniques may be needed for soil monitoring after disturbance.

scholarly journals Soil compaction caused by harvest and logging operations in eucalyptus forests in coarse-textured soils from northeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luiza de Carvalho Andrade ◽  
Diego Tassinari ◽  
Moacir de Souza Dias Junior ◽  
Ricardo Previdente Martins ◽  
Wellington Willian Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Plant Residue ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Planted forests occupy more than 6.5 million ha in Brazil, where harvest and logging operations are performed with increasingly heavier machinery, increasing the risk of soil compaction. Soil compaction can be avoided if soil load bearing capacity is not exceeded, what makes it important to assess both the soil strength and the impact of different operations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the load bearing capacity of some coarse textured soils (two Hapludult and one Haplorthod) in two soil horizons (BA and B), from northeastern Brazil; and to assess the impact of harvest and logging operations performed with harvester and forwarder. Although the Haplorthod presented higher load bearing capacity in both the BA horizon (for the whole moisture range) and the B horizon (for higher water contents), it suffered the greatest soil compaction. Traffic with the harvester resulted in soil compaction in both the BA and the B horizons, but the increase in bulk density was higher on the later, reaching 18.7% in the Haplorthod. The forwarder traffic intensity and the presence of plant residue cover significantly affected the occurrence of soil compaction. In the BA horizon, the increase in soil bulk density for different forwarder traffic intensities was 3 passes ~ 6 passes < 12 passes ~ 16 passes. The increase in bulk density was higher in the Haplorthod, reaching 32% after 16 forwarder passes over bare soil. Significant linear regressions were obtained from the number of forwarder passes and the increase in bulk density.

scholarly journals Avaliação da compactação do solo por meio de um ensaio oedometrico

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 09
Author(s):  
Alex Rogerdan Medeiros ◽  
Cícero Luiz Câmara Júnior ◽  
Joaquim Odilon Pereira ◽  
Francisco Assis de Oliveira ◽  
Joaquim Amaro Filho
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Void Ratio ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Void Content ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rural Zone

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a compactação do solo por meio de um ensaio oedometrico. O estudo foi desenvolvido na fazenda experimental Rafael Fernandes, da UFERSA localizada em Alagoinha, zona rural do município de Mossoró/RN.O experimento foi conduzido  no período de Março de 2012 à Agosto de 2012. Os parâmetros analisados foram densidade do solo, matéria orgânica, índices de vazios estruturais, índice de compressão. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com três tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram representados por três profundidades de solo 0,0-0,05m; 0,05-0,10m e 0,10-0,20m. Os resultados evidenciaram que os valores de Matéria orgânica e densidade do solo variaram inversamente. O ensaio oedometrico revelou que o índice de vazios estrutural do solo e reduzido com o aumento da densidade do solo e com o teor de água para uma mesma pressão aplicada. Para o mesmo teor de água o índice de vazios estrutural diminuiu com o aumento da pressão aplicada. O índice de compressão do solo diminuiu com a profundidade.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"> </p><p>Evaluation of soil compaction by means of a test oedometrico</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT-</strong> This study aimed to assess soil compaction through an essay oedometrico. The study was conducted at the experimental farm, Rafael Fernandes of UFERSA located in Alagoinha, rural zone of Mossoró / RN.The experiment was conducted in the period from March 2012 to August 2012. The parameters analyzed were bulk density, void ratio structural compression index and soil organic matter. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of three soil depths (0.0-0.05 m, 0.05-0.10 m and 0.10-0.20 m) The results showed that the values of organic matter decreased with increasing soil depth. The bulk density increased with depth, with a smaller value obtained in the 0 to 5 cm. The oedometer test revealed that the void content of the soil decreased with increased soil density and moisture content for the same pressure applied. For the same water content of the structural void ratio decreased with increasing applied pressure. The rate of compression of the soil decreased with depth.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"><br /></span></p>

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