scholarly journals Development of HPLC Protocol and Simultaneous Quantification of Four Free Flavonoids fromDracocephalum heterophyllumBenth.

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sodik Rakhmonovich Numonov ◽  
Muhammad Nasimullah Qureshi ◽  
Haji Akber Aisa
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Uv Detector ◽  
Simultaneous Quantification ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
Target Analytes ◽  
Dried Extract ◽  
First Time ◽  
Extracting Solvent ◽  
Curve Maximum

Quantification of the four flavonoids, namely, luteolin, kaempferol, diosmetin, and chrysosplenetin, has been performed for the first time in 80% ethanolic extract ofDracocephalum heterophyllumB. through HPLC coupled to UV detector after optimization of extracting solvent and chromatographic conditions. Total flavonoids quantified were 0.324 mg/mL of the extract. HPLC analysis delivered contents of the luteolin, kaempferol, diosmetin, and chrysosplenetin as 0.08%, 0.14%, 0.28%, and 0.79% of the dried extract, respectively. LOD (%) values calculated were 0.04, 0.03, 0.03, and 0.08 and LOQ (%) values were 0.08, 0.12, 0.11, and 0.28 for luteolin, kaempferol, diosmetin, and chrysosplenetin, respectively. The recovery percentages for these flavonoids were within the acceptable range of 95% to 105%. Standard deviation and %RSD were calculated for each target analytes individually in extract for determining the reproducibility and accuracy of the method. In no case the %RSD was higher than 1 taking retention time as a factor while in the case of area under the curve maximum %RSD was noted in the case of diosmetin as 2.85. From our literature review regarding the plant species under study, it appears that these flavonoids have not been quantified before and are reported for the first time in this paper.

scholarly journals Constituents of Chamaecrista diphylla (L.) Greene Leaves with Potent Antioxidant Capacity: A Feature-Based Molecular Network Dereplication Approach

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Paulo Gomes ◽  
Luis Quirós-Guerrero ◽  
Abraão Muribeca ◽  
José Reis ◽  
Sônia Pamplona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Oxygen Radical ◽  
Molecular Network ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
First Time

Chamaecrista diphylla (L.) Greene (Fabaceae/Caesalpiniaceae) is a herbaceous plant that is widely distributed throughout the Americas. Plants from this genus have been used in traditional medicine as a laxative, to heal wounds, and to treat ulcers, snake and scorpion bites. In the present study, we investigated the chemical composition of Chamaecrista diphylla leaves through a mass spectrometry molecular network approach. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) for the ethanolic extract, enriched fractions and isolated compounds was assessed. Overall, thirty-five compounds were annotated for the first time in C. diphylla. Thirty-two of them were reported for the first time in the genus. The isolated compounds 9, 12, 24 and 33 showed an excellent antioxidant capacity, superior to the extract and enriched fractions. Bond dissociation energy calculations were performed to explain and sustain the antioxidant capacity found. According to our results, the leaves of C. diphylla represent a promising source of potent antioxidant compounds.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF THE ROOT OF BERBERIS MICROPHYLLA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cristina Furrianca ◽  
Marysol Alvear ◽  
Tomás Zambrano ◽  
Víctor Fajardo ◽  
Luis Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
First Time

Objective: To objective of this work was to perform phytochemical qualitative and quantitative analyzes of the main secondary metabolites in the root of Berberis microphylla.Methods: The extracts of B. microphylla root were tested through phytochemical screening and the quantification of the most important constituents was carried out using spectrophotometric and gravimetric techniques.Results: Phytochemical screening of both extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, saponins, terpenes,and tannins, which are pharmacologically important. Quantification of the major phytochemicals groups showed that the ethanolic extract contains 3.9% alkaloids, 0.46% flavonoids, 9.53% tannins, and 3.60% saponins. Similarly, the methanolic extract contains 6.61% alkaloids, 0.41% flavonoids, 7.40% tannins, and 1.43% saponins.Conclusion: This is the first time that the presence of tannins, flavonoids, and saponins in this plant has been reported. The medicinal properties of the root of B. microphylla may exist due to the presence secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIPYRETIC AND ANTIULCER ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF TREMA ORIENTALIS L. IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
VANITA G KANASE ◽  
JYOTI SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Brewer's Yeast ◽  
Trema Orientalis ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Ulcer Model ◽  
Dried Extract

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was aimed at evaluating the antipyretic and antiulcer activity on leaves of Trema orientalis L. (family Cannabaceae) on albino Wistar rats. The antipyretic and antiulcer activity of the ethanolic extract of the T. orientalis L. leaves in three different concentrations (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) was compared with standard paracetamol and pantoprazole, which was evaluated by employing Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia and ethanol-induced ulcer model. The biochemical parameters such as the volume of gastric juice secretion, pH, total acidity, ulcer index, percentage protection, and lipid peroxidation were also studied. Methods: T. orientalis leaves were extracted with ethanol by the Soxhlet extraction method. The dried extract was used for further phytochemical and pharmacological analysis. The antipyretic effect was studied using Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia. The ethanol-induced ulcer model was used to study the antiulcer effect. Results: The percentage yield of ethanolic extract of T. orientalis leaves was found to be 6.71% w/w, respectively. The extract showed significant antipyretic and antiulcer effect when compared with standard paracetamol and pantoprazole. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of T. orientalis has significant antipyretic and antiulcer action.

Predictive value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-neutrophil ratio, and neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio in lupus nephritis

Lupus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1031-1039
Author(s):  
Peng Liu ◽  
Peiyuan Li ◽  
Zhong Peng ◽  
Yazhou Xiang ◽  
Chenqi Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

Objective To evaluate the role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-neutrophil ratio (PNR), platelet-to-monocyte ratio (PMR), and neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio (NMR) as predictors for lupus nephritis (LN) patients without infection or as biomarkers for distinguishing between infection or flare with LN patients. Methods LN patients were divided into three groups: LN without infection, LN with infection, and LN with flare. A total of 57 healthy subjects were enrolled as controls. The differentiation was analyzed between LN without infection and control group, and LN with infection and LN with flare. Correlations among variables were assessed in the LN group without infection. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed in two comparable groups. Results NLR, PLR, and MLR were increased significantly in the LN group without infection as compared with those in healthy controls. NLR (area under the curve (AUC): 0.75) and MLR (AUC: 0.79) were useful for distinguishing between LN patients without infection and healthy subjects. In differentiating LN patients without infection from the controls, optimal cutoffs of NLR and MLR were 3.43 (sensitivity: 45.6%, specificity: 96.5%, and overall accuracy: 68.8%) and 0.24 (sensitivity: 75.0%, specificity: 73.7%, and overall accuracy: 73.6%), respectively. In addition, NLR ( r = 0.322, p = 0.011) and PLR ( r = 0.283, p = 0.026) were positively correlated with CRP. Importantly, NLR and NMR were increased while PNR was decreased in the LN group with infection in comparison with those in the LN group with flare. NLR (AUC: 0.80), NMR (AUC: 0.78), and PNR (AUC: 0.74) were useful in differentiating LN patients with infection and flare, and their optimal cutoffs were 4.02 (sensitivity: 82.6%, specificity: 69.6%, and overall accuracy: 75.5%), 12.19 (sensitivity: 80.4%, specificity: 73.9%, and overall accuracy: 77.5%), and 28.26 (sensitivity: 65.2%, specificity: 76.8%, and overall accuracy: 71.6%), respectively. Conclusions We demonstrated, for the first time, that MLR or NMR had the best accuracy in differentiating LN patients without infection from healthy subjects, or differentiating infection from flare in LN patients, respectively. Our results implied that NLR, MLR, PNR, and NMR may be useful biomarkers in predicting LN.

scholarly journals GC-MS Chemical Characterization of Main Components of Smilax Domingensis Wild. in Cuba

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar A. Soledispa ◽  
José González ◽  
Armando Cuéllar ◽  
Julio Pérez ◽  
Max Monan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Main Components ◽  
First Time

A preliminary chemical characterization of main components of ethanolic extract with dried rhizomes of Smilax domingensis Wid. that grow in Cuba was done using a GCMS-QP2010 Ultra Shimadzu and the mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract was matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library. After sample derivatization 125 chemical compounds were registered by the equipment and from them, 35 different chemical components were characterized and reported for the first time from this part of the plant in our country. The results demonstrate the developed method could be employed as a rapid and versatile analytical technique for identification of chemical constituents and quality control of Smilax domingensis.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition, Antifungal, and Cytotoxicity Activities of Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd Leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla de Moura Martins ◽  
Sérgio A. L. de Morais ◽  
Mário M. Martins ◽  
Luís C. S. Cunha ◽  
Cláudio V. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Quercetin Glycosides ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activities ◽  
First Time

The species Inga laurina is native to the Brazilian Cerrado. There are no studies about the chemical composition and biological activities of extracts of this endangered species. The ethanolic extract and its successive fractions are rich in phenolic compounds and presented good antifungal activities. HPLC/MS-MS/MS and H1/C13 analysis led to the identification of seventeen compounds, most of which are gallic acid derivatives, myricetin and quercetin glycosides. The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) contained high levels of total phenolics, expressed in milligrams of gallic acid equivalents per gram of extract (475.3 ± 1.9 mg GAE gextract-1) and flavonoids expressed in milligrams of quercetin equivalents per gram of extract (359.3 ± 10.6 mg QE gextract-1). This fraction was active against fungi of the Candida genus. The EAF showed MIC value 11.7 μg mL−1 against C. glabrata and a selectivity index of 1.6 against Vero cells. The flavonol glycoside myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside was isolated for the first time from the Inga laurina. These results make I. laurina a promising plant as a source of pharmaceutical and biological active antifungal compounds.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Quantification of Terpenelactones and Flavonol Aglycones in Hydrolyzed Ginkgo biloba Extract by Liquid Chromatography with Inline Ultraviolet and Evaporative Light Scattering Detection

2005 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1613-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean E Gray ◽  
Dale Messer ◽  
Andrew Porter ◽  
Sherry Ferguson ◽  
Roger K Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba Extract ◽  
Simultaneous Quantification ◽  
Light Scattering Detection ◽  
Evaporative Light Scattering ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time

Abstract We report here a liquid chromatography (LC) method with inline ultraviolet/evaporative light scattering (UV/ELS) detection for the simultaneous quantification of the terpenelactones and flavonol aglycones in a single sample of hydrolyzed Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE). The sample is hydrolyzed by a rapid and convenient oven heating method for 1 h at 90°C with 10% hydrochloric acid. The 1 h hydrolysis was found to be equivalent to the 2.25 h reflux treatment for dry powder extract, where total flavonol glycosides were 28.4 and 28.1%, respectively. Acceptable precision was achieved for total terpenelactones [relative standard deviation (RSD) = 4.8%] by ELS detection, and total flavonol aglycones (RSD = 2.3%) by UV detection. The analytical range was 1.5 to 7.3% (w/w) for the individual terpenelactones (ELS) and 2.5 to 15.0% (w/w) for the individual glycosides (UV) calculated from the aglycones quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin. This improved method allows for the first time high throughput sample preparation coupled with the quantification of the predominant compounds generally used for quality control of GBE in a single assay.

scholarly journals Chemical Constituents from the Aerial Parts of Gynura Bicolor

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Chen ◽  
Sven Mangelinckx ◽  
An Adams ◽  
Wei-lin Li ◽  
Zheng-tao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Pharmacological Study ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Aqueous Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Gynura Bicolor ◽  
First Time

Gynura bicolor (Willd.) DC., is used in folk recipes for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Sichuan province in the south of China. A previous pharmacological study proved that the plant showed significant hypoglycemic activity on normal and alloxan-diabetic mice. In this study, two terpenes, four megastigmane-type norisoprenoids and two glycosides were isolated from the aqueous ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Gynura bicolor and characterized mainly by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. These compounds were isolated for the first time from this plant, and no evidence could be found for the previous reported presence of megastigmane-type norisoprenoids in the genus Gynura.

scholarly journals Consumption of Cross-Linked Resistant Starch (RS4XL) on Glucose and Insulin Responses in Humans

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enas K. Al-Tamimi ◽  
Paul A. Seib ◽  
Brian S. Snyder ◽  
Mark D. Haub
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Serial Blood ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Insulin Responses ◽  
First Time

Objective. The objective was to compare the postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses to nutrition bars containing either cross-linked RS type 4 (RS4XL) or standard wheat starch in normoglycemic adults (n= 13; age = 27±5 years; BMI = 25±3 kg/m2).Methods. Volunteers completed three trials during which they consumed a glucose beverage (GLU), a puffed wheat control bar (PWB), and a bar containing cross-linked RS4 (RS4XL) matched for available carbohydrate content. Serial blood samples were collected over two hours and glucose and insulin concentrations were determined and the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was calculated.Results. TheRS4XLpeak glucose and insulin concentrations were lower than the GLU and PWB (P<.05). The iAUC for glucose and insulin were lower following ingestion of RS4 compared with the GLU and PWB trials.Conclusions. These data illustrate, for the first time, that directly substituting standard starch withRS4XL, while matched for available carbohydrates, attenuated postprandial glucose and insulin levels in humans. It remains to be determined whether this response was due to the dietary fiber and/or resistant starch aspects of theRS4XLbar.

scholarly journals Antioxidative activity of Lenzites warnieri basidiocarps

2017 ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Knezevic ◽  
Ivan Milovanovic ◽  
Jelena Vukojevic
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidative Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Antioxidative Capacity ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Dried Extract

Considering that mushrooms synthesize different kinds of compounds with antioxidative activity and that search for natural antioxidants is a topical study area, testing of unstudied species is fully justified. The aim of the study was to evaluate antioxidative capacity of Lenzites warnieri basidiocarps using different solvents. Antioxidative potential of 96% ethanolic, 70% ethanolic and methanolic extracts was evaluated by 2,2?-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) bleaching assay and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. Additionally, total content of phenols and flavonoids in extracts was determined as galic acid equivalent (GAE) and quercetin equivalent (QE), respectively. Presented as EC50, 70% ethanolic extracts showed the highest antioxidative capacity by DPPH assay (3.08 ? 0.49 mg/mL) and 96% ethanolic extract by ABTS assay (3.08 ? 0.24 mg/mL). Methanolic extract exhibited the lowest antioxidative activity in both assays (6.02 ? 0.99 mg/mL and 4.92 ? 0.38 mg/mL, respectively). Results showed that antioxidative capacity of extracts depended on solvents and assay used, indicating that ethanolic extracts were with higher capacity in free radicals neutralization. The highest content of total phenols was detected in 70% ethanolic extract (37.45 ? 0.36 ?g GAE/mg of dried extract) while the lowest amount was noted in methanolic extract (22.73 ? 0.05 ?g GAE/mg of dried extract). Total flavonoid contents were negligible and ranged between 1.91 ? 0.10 and 2.24 ? 0.13 ?g QE/mg of dried extract. The obtained results indicate that Lenzites warnieri possess significant antioxidative capacity which is mainly correlated to phenols present in the extracts.

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