scholarly journals Characterization of Fatty Acids in Crenarchaeota by GC-MS and NMR

Archaea ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Hamerly ◽  
Brian Tripet ◽  
Louie Wurch ◽  
Robert L. Hettich ◽  
Mircea Podar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biochemical Aspect ◽  
Thermostable Enzymes ◽  
Biochemical Evidence ◽  
Hydrocarbon Chains ◽  
Ignicoccus Hospitalis

Lipids composed of condensed isoprenyl units connected to glycerol backbones by ether linkages are a distinguishing feature of Archaea. Data suggesting that fatty acids with linear hydrocarbon chains are present in some Archaea have been available for decades. However, lack of genomic and biochemical evidence for the metabolic machinery required to synthesize and degrade fatty acids has left the field unclear on this potentially significant biochemical aspect. Because lipids are energy currency and cell signaling molecules, their presence in Archaea is significant for understanding archaeal biology. A recent large-scale bioinformatics analysis reignited the debate as to the importance of fatty acids in Archaea by presenting genetic evidence for the presence of enzymes required for anabolic and catabolic fatty acid metabolism across the archaeal domain. Here, we present direct biochemical evidence from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for the presence of fatty acids in two members of the Crenarchaeota,Sulfolobus solfataricusandIgnicoccus hospitalis. This is the first report providing biochemical data for the existence of fatty acids in these Crenarchaeota, opening new discussions on energy balance and the potential for the discovery of new thermostable enzymes for industry.

scholarly journals Integrative iTRAQ-based proteomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals the accumulation patterns of key metabolites associated with oil quality during seed ripening of Camellia oleifera

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhouchen Ye ◽  
Jing Yu ◽  
Wuping Yan ◽  
Junfeng Zhang ◽  
Dongmei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Camellia Oleifera ◽  
Specific Expression

AbstractCamellia oleifera (C. oleifera) is one of the four major woody oil-bearing crops in the world and has relatively high ecological, economic, and medicinal value. Its seeds undergo a series of complex physiological and biochemical changes during ripening, which is mainly manifested as the accumulation and transformation of certain metabolites closely related to oil quality, especially flavonoids and fatty acids. To obtain new insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms, a parallel analysis of the transcriptome and proteome profiles of C. oleifera seeds at different maturity levels was conducted using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) complemented with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data. A total of 16,530 transcripts and 1228 proteins were recognized with significant differential abundances in pairwise comparisons of samples at various developmental stages. Among these, 317 were coexpressed with a poor correlation, and most were involved in metabolic processes, including fatty acid metabolism, α-linolenic acid metabolism, and glutathione metabolism. In addition, the content of total flavonoids decreased gradually with seed maturity, and the levels of fatty acids generally peaked at the fat accumulation stage; these results basically agreed with the regulation patterns of genes or proteins in the corresponding pathways. The expression levels of proteins annotated as upstream candidates of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS) as well as their cognate transcripts were positively correlated with the variation in the flavonoid content, while shikimate O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT)-encoding genes had the opposite pattern. The increase in the abundance of proteins and mRNAs corresponding to alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was associated with a reduction in linoleic acid synthesis. Using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), we further identified six unique modules related to flavonoid, oil, and fatty acid anabolism that contained hub genes or proteins similar to transcription factors (TFs), such as MADS intervening keratin-like and C-terminal (MIKC_MADS), type-B authentic response regulator (ARR-B), and basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH). Finally, based on the known metabolic pathways and WGCNA combined with the correlation analysis, five coexpressed transcripts and proteins composed of cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenases (CADs), caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase (COMT), flavonol synthase (FLS), and 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL) were screened out. With this exploratory multiomics dataset, our results presented a dynamic picture regarding the maturation process of C. oleifera seeds on Hainan Island, not only revealing the temporal specific expression of key candidate genes and proteins but also providing a scientific basis for the genetic improvement of this tree species.

scholarly journals Characterization of the JAR Sealants in the Fluid Collections of the Muséum National D'histoire Naturelle

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
M. Sablier ◽  
C. Davron ◽  
M. Herbin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Extensive Documentation ◽  
Analytical Protocol ◽  
First Results ◽  
Fluid Collections

Abstract Over the centuries, the composition of jar sealants in natural history museum fluid collections has changed but has not been the subject of extensive documentation. Consequently, it is of paramount interest to increase our knowledge of sealant composition as well as to correlate this information with the date of manufacture and type of preparation. As an initial step towards achieving this goal, an analytical protocol was developed to characterize the composition of sealants encountered in fluid collections of the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN) in Paris. Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were used to investigate the nature of selected jar sealants, and these techniques proved to be efficient for the identification and characterization of waxes and resin additives in sealing samples. First results are very promising; similar examinations should be continued on a large scale for an exhaustive analysis of the MNHN fluid collections.

GC/MS characterization of volatile components of hydrocolloids from Irvingia gabonensis and Mucuna sloanei seeds

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Spectrometry Method ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Method ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Irvingia Gabonensis

Irvingia gabonensis and Mucuna sloanei seeds are among the known soup thickeners used in the preparation of different kinds of soups and local delicacies in Southeast Nigeria. The thickening substances which are hydrocolloids have been isolated and partially characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Eighteen constituents were identified in I. gabonensis comprising aromatic (0.76 %), hydrocarbons (7.19 %), ketones (1.53 %), carboxylic/fatty acids (79.47 %) and esters (11.04 %). Twenty-one constituents were identified in M. sloanei comprising hydrocarbons (22.58 %), esters (19.42 %), fatty acids (45.64 %), amide (5.77 %), aldehyde (4.69 %) and ketones (1.89 %). This research reveals that the seed hydrocolloids of M. sloanei contain more volatile phytochemicals than that of I. gabonensis.

scholarly journals Characterization of lipophilic wood extractives from clones of Eucalyptus urograndis cultivate in Brazil

BioResources ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flaviano O. Silverio ◽  
Luiz C. A. Barbosa ◽  
Celia R. A. Maltha ◽  
Armando J. D. Silvestre ◽  
Dorila Pilo-Veloso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Eucalyptus Urograndis ◽  
Lipophilic Fraction ◽  
Pitch Formation

The chemical compositions of the lipophilic extractives from four clones of Eucalyptus urograndis cultivated in Brazil were studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) before and after alkaline hydrolysis. The four E. urograndis clones showed similar amounts of dichloromethane soluble (lipophilic) extractives (0.38-0.55% w/w). The major groups of compounds identified in the lipophilic fraction of extractives consisted mainly of fatty acids (mainly palmitic linoleic and oleic acids and small amounts of a- and w-hydroxyacids), steroids (mainly b-sitosterol, b-sitostanol), followed by minor amounts long chain aliphatic alcohols, hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds. The relative abundances of these groups were similar for three of the clones with exception of the clone Ugc, which was shown to have much higher amounts of fatty acids and sterols. The high amounts of extractives found in these clones, and particularly of Ugc, when compared with other Eucalyptus species, suggests an increased risk of pitch formation during bleached pulp production.

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