scholarly journals A Novel Animal Model of Impaired Glucose Tolerance Induced by the Interaction of Vitamin E Deficiency and60Co Radiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yue Guan ◽  
Yan Cheng ◽  
Ying Yin ◽  
Jialin Duan ◽  
Guo Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Pancreas Perfusion ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Histopathological Images

Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), known as the prediabetes stage, is usually induced by habits of life or environmental factors. Established IGT animal models are mostly conducted with chemical compounds such as streptozocin or genetic modification. However, the occasion of exposure to these factors in daily life is seldom. The objective of this study was to establish a new animal model of IGT induced by VE deficiency in diet and exposure to radiation. SD rats were treated individually or in combination of these two factors. In the combination group, the calculated insulin sensitivity index decreased; then HOMA-βvalue increased. Oxidative damage and IGT were observed. Insulin secretion level in perfusate from pancreas response to glucose was characterized by a rapid but reduced first phase and an obviously defective second phase upon pancreas perfusion. Histopathological images demonstrated the pathological changes. Western blotting analysis showed that the insulin signaling pathway was downregulated. The interaction of VE deficiency in diet and exposure to radiation could break the equilibrium of oxidation and antioxidation and result in IGT. More importantly, a new IGT model was successfully established which may be conducive to further research into development of drugs against human IGT.

scholarly journals Type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in European children and adolescents with obesity -- a problem that is no longer restricted to minority groups

2004 ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Wiegand ◽  
U Maikowski ◽  
O Blankenstein ◽  
H Biebermann ◽  
P Tarnow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Abnormal Glucose Tolerance

BACKGROUND: The incidence of childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes is an increasing problem in Europe. We determined the prevalence of impaired glucose regulation in a predominantly Caucasian cohort of 491 children and adolescents with obesity. METHODS: Fasting glucose and insulin levels were determined in all 491 subjects. Patients with an abnormal fasting glucose or with additional risk factors (positive family history of type 2 diabetes, acanthosis nigricans, hyperlipidemia; n=102) underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 1.75 g glucose/kg body weight). Homeostasis model assessment was used to estimate insulin resistance in all subjects. The insulin sensitivity index was determined in those subjects who underwent an OGTT. Screening for mutations in the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene and the coding region of the brain-derived neutrophic factor (BDNF) in 37 patients with an impaired glucose tolerance was performed by WAVE analysis. RESULTS: Out of the total of 491 patients, 12 had an abnormal fasting glucose level. Of the 102 patients who underwent an OGTT, 37 had impaired glucose tolerance; 6 out of the 102 patients were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Eighty-eight per cent of patients with abnormal glucose tolerance and 66% of patients with type 2 diabetes were Caucasian. Insulin resistance indices correlated well with the degree of abnormal glucose tolerance. Using the screening algorithm for type 2 diabetes as advocated by the American Diabetes Association, 68% of patients with impaired glucose tolerance and 66% of patients with type 2 diabetes would have been missed. No abnormalities in the MC4R and BDNF genes were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes are far more common in obese European children of Caucasian origin than previously thought. Using fasting glucose levels as the main screening tool appears to be insufficient in detecting these children.

scholarly journals Natto and viscous vegetables in a Japanese-style breakfast improved insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in overweight subjects with impaired glucose tolerance

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (8) ◽  
pp. 1184-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Taniguchi-Fukatsu ◽  
Hisami Yamanaka-Okumura ◽  
Yuko Naniwa-Kuroki ◽  
Yuka Nishida ◽  
Hironori Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Overweight Subjects

We previously suggested that the consumption of natto and viscous vegetables as part of a Japanese-style meal based on white rice (WR) reduced postprandial glucose and insulin levels in healthy subjects. The aim of the present study was to assess whether a single breakfast of natto and viscous vegetables or the same breakfast consumed for 2 weeks could improve glucose control, insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in overweight subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). A total of eleven free-living subjects with IGT followed a randomised, crossover breakfast intervention for 2 weeks. The test meal included boiled WR with natto (viscous fermented soyabeans), Japanese yam and okra. The control meal included WR with non-viscous boiled soyabeans, potatoes and broccoli. Both meals contained comparable amounts of carbohydrate, fat, protein and fibre. The test meal reduced acute glucose and insulin responses compared to the control meal in the study participants. Insulin sensitivity was assessed using the composite insulin sensitivity index (CISI) after both the test and control meal periods. The test meal resulted in improvements in CISI compared to the baseline, whereas no significant changes were observed after the control meal period. Serum levels of both total and LDL-cholesterol were assessed before and after the test meal period and found to decrease significantly. There was also a tendency towards reduced serum malondialdehyde-modified LDL and Nɛ-carboxymethyllysine. No differences were observed in the measures of chronic glycaemic control. Thus, we conclude that a breakfast of natto and viscous vegetables consumed for 2 weeks improves insulin sensitivity, serum lipid and oxidative stress.

scholarly journals How Fast Is Recovery of Impaired Glucose Tolerance after 21-Day Bed Rest (NUC Study) in Healthy Adults?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Heer ◽  
Natalie Baecker ◽  
Stephan Wnendt ◽  
Annelie Fischer ◽  
Gianni Biolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Physical Workload ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Before And After

Aim. We hypothesized that 4 days of normal daily activity after 21 days of experimental bed rest (BR) will not reverse BR induced impaired glucose tolerance.Design. Glucose tolerance of seven male, healthy, untrained test subjects (age: 27.6 (3.3) years (mean (SD)); body mass: 78.6 (6.4) kg; height: 1.81 (0.04) m; VO2max: 39.5 (5.4) ml/kg body mass/min) was studied. They stayed twice in the metabolic ward (crossover design), 21 days in bed and 7 days before and after BR each. Oral glucose tolerance tests were applied before, on day 21 of BR, and 5 and 14 days after BR.Results. On day 21 of BR, AUC120 minof glucose concentration was increased by 28.8 (5.2)% and AUC120 minof insulin by 35.9 (10.2)% (glucose:P<0.001; insulin:P=0.02). Fourteen days after BR, AUC120 minof serum insulin concentrations returned to pre-bed-rest concentrations (P=0.352) and AUC120 minof glucose was still higher (P=0.038). Insulin resistance did not change, but sensitivity index was reduced during BR (P=0.005).Conclusion. Four days of light physical workload does not compensate inactivity induced impaired glucose tolerance. An individually tailored and intensified training regime is mandatory in patients being in bed rest to get back to normal glucose metabolism in a reasonable time frame.

scholarly journals Biomarkers in Fasting Serum to Estimate Glucose Tolerance, Insulin Sensitivity, and Insulin Secretion

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison B Goldfine ◽  
Robert W Gerwien ◽  
Janice A Kolberg ◽  
Sheila O'Shea ◽  
Sarah Hamren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Tolerance Model

BACKGROUND Biomarkers for estimating reduced glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, or impaired insulin secretion would be clinically useful, since these physiologic measures are important in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in which 94 individuals, of whom 84 had 1 or more risk factors and 10 had no known risk factors for diabetes, underwent oral glucose tolerance testing. We measured 34 protein biomarkers associated with diabetes risk in 250-μL fasting serum samples. We applied multiple regression selection techniques to identify the most informative biomarkers and develop multivariate models to estimate glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion. The ability of the glucose tolerance model to discriminate between diabetic individuals and those with impaired or normal glucose tolerance was evaluated by area under the ROC curve (AUC) analysis. RESULTS Of the at-risk participants, 25 (30%) were found to have impaired glucose tolerance, and 11 (13%) diabetes. Using molecular counting technology, we assessed multiple biomarkers with high accuracy in small volume samples. Multivariate biomarker models derived from fasting samples correlated strongly with 2-h postload glucose tolerance (R2 = 0.45, P &lt; 0.0001), composite insulin sensitivity index (R2 = 0.91, P &lt; 0.0001), and insulin secretion (R2 = 0.45, P &lt; 0.0001). Additionally, the glucose tolerance model provided strong discrimination between diabetes vs impaired or normal glucose tolerance (AUC 0.89) and between diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance vs normal tolerance (AUC 0.78). CONCLUSIONS Biomarkers in fasting blood samples may be useful in estimating glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion.

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