scholarly journals How Fast Is Recovery of Impaired Glucose Tolerance after 21-Day Bed Rest (NUC Study) in Healthy Adults?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Heer ◽  
Natalie Baecker ◽  
Stephan Wnendt ◽  
Annelie Fischer ◽  
Gianni Biolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Physical Workload ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Before And After

Aim. We hypothesized that 4 days of normal daily activity after 21 days of experimental bed rest (BR) will not reverse BR induced impaired glucose tolerance.Design. Glucose tolerance of seven male, healthy, untrained test subjects (age: 27.6 (3.3) years (mean (SD)); body mass: 78.6 (6.4) kg; height: 1.81 (0.04) m; VO2max: 39.5 (5.4) ml/kg body mass/min) was studied. They stayed twice in the metabolic ward (crossover design), 21 days in bed and 7 days before and after BR each. Oral glucose tolerance tests were applied before, on day 21 of BR, and 5 and 14 days after BR.Results. On day 21 of BR, AUC120 minof glucose concentration was increased by 28.8 (5.2)% and AUC120 minof insulin by 35.9 (10.2)% (glucose:P<0.001; insulin:P=0.02). Fourteen days after BR, AUC120 minof serum insulin concentrations returned to pre-bed-rest concentrations (P=0.352) and AUC120 minof glucose was still higher (P=0.038). Insulin resistance did not change, but sensitivity index was reduced during BR (P=0.005).Conclusion. Four days of light physical workload does not compensate inactivity induced impaired glucose tolerance. An individually tailored and intensified training regime is mandatory in patients being in bed rest to get back to normal glucose metabolism in a reasonable time frame.

True insulin and intact proinsulin levels in acromegalic patients

1996 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edelweiss F Tavares ◽  
Ivaldir S Dalbosco ◽  
Julio Abucham ◽  
Ewaldo MK Russo
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Group I ◽  
Active Acromegaly ◽  
Group Ii

Tavares EF, Dalbosco IS, Abucham J, Russo EMK. True insulin and intact proinsulin levels in acromegalic patients. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134:549–53. ISSN 0804–4643 To determine whether proinsulin (PI) contributes significantly to the immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentrations in acromegalics, we measure PI, "true insulin" and IRI in a group of acromegalics compared with a control group. Serum PI was determined by the immunofluroimetric assay (IFMA). Insulin was also determined by an IFMA that measures true insulin and by a radioimmunoassay (RIA). We performed an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in a total group of 46 subjects: 10 controls with normal OGTT and body mass index <25 kg/m2 (control group I), 10 controls with normal OGTT and body mass index > 25 kg/m2 (control group II), 15 patients with active acromegaly and normal OGTT and 11 patients with active acromegaly and IGT. Plasma glucose, serum GH, insulin and proinsulin were measured in all OGTT samples. Basal levels of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) were measured in acromegalics. Mean body mass index in acromegalics with normal and impaired glucose tolerance were significantly higher compared with control group I and similar when compared with control group II. Proinsulin increased during OGTT in acromegalics with impaired glucose tolerance compared to control group I, and only fasting proinsulin compared to control group II. In normal OGTT acromegalics, only fasting proinsulin was increased. The RIA insulin during OGTT was significantly higher for both acromegalic groups compared to control group I and only at fasting when compared with control group II. This difference was not evident when insulin was measured by IFMA. These results suggest that in acromegalics, hyperinsulinism measured by RIA was at least in part due to hyperproinsulinism. Ewaldo MK Russo, PO Box 20266, CEP 04034-970, Sáo Paulo, SP, Brazil

Contraction-mediated glucose uptake is increased in men with impaired glucose tolerance

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Skov-Jensen ◽  
Mette Skovbro ◽  
Anne Flint ◽  
Jørn Wulff Helge ◽  
Flemming Dela
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulin Stimulation ◽  
Fat Percentage

Exercise superimposed on insulin stimulation is shown to increase muscle glucose metabolism and these two stimuli have synergistic effects. The objective of this study was to investigate glucose infusion rates (GIR) in groups with a wide variation in terms of insulin sensitivity during insulin stimulation alone and with superimposed exercise. Patients with type 2 diabetes, subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), healthy controls, and endurance-trained subjects were studied. The groups were matched for age and lean body mass (LBM), and differed in peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak), body fat percentage, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose concentration, and oral glucose-tolerance test (OGTT). Each subject underwent a two-step sequential hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp. During the last 30 min of the 2nd clamp step, subjects exercised on a bicycle at 43% ± 2% of VO2 peak. In agreement with the OGTT data, the presence of different GIR during insulin stimulation alone demonstrated varying levels of insulin sensitivity between groups. However, the impairment of GIR in IGT observed during insulin stimulation alone was abolished compared to controls when exercise was superimposed on insulin stimulation. Humans with IGT are resistant to insulin-stimulated but not to exercise-induced glucose uptake.

Diabetes and Related Metabolic Risk Factors Among Arab Americans

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda A Jaber ◽  
Richard L Slaughter ◽  
George Grunberger
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Arab American ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Normal Glucose

Objective: To estimate the incidence of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and associated metabolic abnormalities such as impaired glucose tolerance, increased blood pressure, hyperinsulinemia, and obesity in the Arab-American community in the Detroit metropolitan area. Methods: Subjects were selected randomly from a computer-generated list provided by the Arab-American Center for Economic and Social Services. Laboratory studies included a 2-hour, 75-g oral glucose tolerance test with glucose, insulin, and C-peptide determinations. Results: Of the 105 volunteers studied, 57 were women and 48 were men. Mean ± SD age was 46.0 ± 13.0 years. Body mass index was 30.4 ± 6.8 kg/m2, with 68% of subjects having a body mass index of 27 kg/m2 or more. Of the study participants, 33% had NIDDM, 8.6% had impaired glucose tolerance, and 58% had normal glucose tolerance. Subjects with diabetes, compared with subjects who had normal glucose tolerance, exhibited increased fasting insulin (98 ± 69 vs 55 ± 31 pmol/L; p = 0.00056); higher cholesterol (6.03 ± 1.03 vs 5.09 ± 1.22 mmol/L; p = 0.00073); marginally lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.98 ± 0.21 vs 1.14 ± 0.31 mmol/L; p = 0.054); higher triglycerides (7.84 ± 5.79 vs 3.83 ± 2.15 mmol/L; p = 0.00002); and higher diastolic (83.7 ± 8.9 vs 78.3 ± 8.0 mm Hg; p = 0.014) as well as systolic (132.5 ± 16.0 vs 119.0 ± 10.6 mm Hg; p = 0.00001) blood pressures. Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrates that diabetes may be a frequent medical problem in the Arab-American community. A well-designed epidemiologic study is warranted to validate these results and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for these findings.

scholarly journals The role of apolipoprotein E and glucose intolerance in gallstone disease in middle aged subjects

Gut ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Niemi ◽  
K Kervinen ◽  
A Rantala ◽  
H Kauma ◽  
M Päivänsalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Middle Aged

BACKGROUNDThe polymorphism of apolipoprotein E has been suggested to be associated with the cholesterol content of gallstones, the crystallisation rate of gall bladder bile, and the prevalence of gallstone disease (GSD).AIMSTo investigate whether apolipoprotein E polymorphism modulates the susceptibility to GSD at the population level and to study the possible associations between impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes, and GSD.METHODSApolipoprotein E phenotypes were determined in a middle aged cohort of 261 randomly selected hypertensive men, 259 control men, 257 hypertensive women, and 267 control women. All subjects without a documented history of diabetes were submitted to a two hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). GSD was verified by ultrasonography.RESULTSIn women with apolipoprotein E2 (phenotypes E2/2, 2/3, and 2/4) compared with women without E2 (E3/3, 4/3, and 4/4), the odds ratio for GSD was 0.28 (95% confidence interval 0.08–0.92). There was no protective effect in men. The relative risk for GSD was 1.2 (0.8–1.7) for hypertensive women and 1.8 (1.0–2.7) for hypertensive men. In a stepwise multiple logistic regression model, E2 protected against GSD in women, whereas two hour blood glucose in the OGTT, serum insulin, and plasma triglycerides were risk factors. Elevated blood glucose during the OGTT was also a significant risk factor for GSD in men.CONCLUSIONSThe data suggest that apolipoprotein E2 is a genetic factor providing protection against GSD in women. In contrast, impaired glucose tolerance and frank diabetes are associated with the risk of GSD.

Increased plasma levels of islet amyloid polypeptide in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism

1996 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig Valdemarsson ◽  
Arnold Leckström ◽  
Per Westermark ◽  
Anders Bergenfelz
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Islet Amyloid Polypeptide ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Islet Amyloid

Valdemarsson S, Leckström A, Westermark P, Bergenfelz A. Increased plasma levels of islet amyloid polypeptide in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134:320–5. ISSN 0804–4643 Amylin, also named islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), is a protein that is processed and released from pancreatic β-cells in parallel with insulin. Islet amyloid polypeptide is currently studied with regard to a role for insulin resistance in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. To elucidate a possible function of IAPP for impaired glucose tolerance in primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT), we studied plasma IAPP levels during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in seven pHPT patients before and 8 weeks after surgery and in six healthy subjects. The β-glucose level of the patient groups was 4.34 ± 0.12 mmol/l before and 3.97 ± 0.16 mmol/l after surgery (NS), while the serum level of insulin was significantly higher before (16.9 ± 2.8 mIU/l) than after (8.9 ± 1.9 mIU/l) the operation (p < 0.05), indicating a moderately increased insulin resistance in pHPT. The basal plasma levels of IAPP were significantly higher in pHPT patients before than 8 weeks after surgery (9.71 ± 1.05 and 4.30 ± 0.82 pmol/l, respectively; p < 0.01). When compared to the plasma IAPP level of the controls at 1.80 ± 0.38 pmol/l, pHPT patients had higher IAPP values both before (p < 0.01) and at 8 weeks after (p < 0.05) operation, There was a significant correlation between the serum levels of insulin and plasma levels of IAPP in pHPT patients before (r = 0.87, p < 0.01) as wells as 8 weeks after surgery (r = 0.69, p < 0.05). The area under the curve for IAPP during OGTT in pHPT patients was 1872.4 ± 187.7 pmol·min/l, which is significantly higher than after surgery 1010.8 ± 93.7 pmol· min/l) (p < 0.05) and compared to the area for the controls at 840.3 ± 49.9 pmol min/l (p< 0.01). In conclusion, pHPT is associated with an increased plasma level of IAPP, correlated to the serum insulin level, but persistently higher than in controls also 8 weeks after surgery. Possibly, increased IAPP levels can have a role for impaired glucose tolerance in pHPT. The hyperparathyroid state might have a specific role for the release of this peptide, otherwise closely connected to insulin secretion. Stig Valdemarsson, Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University Hospital, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden

scholarly journals Glucose Homeostasis in Patients with Pheochromocytoma

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Rucsandra Dănciulescu Miulescu ◽  
Denisa Margină ◽  
Mirela Culman ◽  
Sorin Păun ◽  
Cătălina Poiană
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background and Aims. Previous studies have shown that impaired glucose tolerance is present in patients with pheochromocytoma with a prevalence of 25- 75%. The aim of this study was to examine glucose tolerance in 12 patients with pheochromocytoma, before and after medical and surgical treatment. Material and Methods. We evaluated 12 patients aged between 44 and 60 years with confirmed pheochromocytoma. Plasma insulin, fasting blood glucose and 2h glucose levels during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were measured before and three months after surgical removal of the tumor. Results. Surgical removal of the tumor generated significant changes in plasma and urinary metanephrines (plasma normetanephrine 191.15±13.22 pg/ml after treatment vs. 792.54±86.74 pg/ml at baseline, p<0.0001, plasma metanephrine 86.69±4.48 pg/ml vs. 363.62.±21.69 pg/ml, p<0.0001, urinary normetanephrine 718.54±37.59 μg/day after treatment vs. 1855.77±116.54 μg/day at baseline and urinary metanephrine of 258.31±34.00 μg/day vs. 745.38±65.14 μg/day, p<0.0001) but not in insulin, fasting and 2h glucose levels during OGTT. Conclusion. In our study, the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance in patients with confirmed pheochromocytoma was 8.33% (1 patient with a previous family history of diabetes). After surgical removal of the tumor, normalization of mean glucose levels of OGTT was not achieved.

scholarly journals Effect of alterations in blood volume with bed rest on glucose tolerance

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 1098-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dandanell ◽  
L. Oberholzer ◽  
S. Keiser ◽  
A. B. Andersen ◽  
T. Haider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Albumin Infusion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Concomitant Reduction

Bed rest leads to rapid impairments in glucose tolerance. Plasma volume and thus dilution space for glucose are also reduced with bed rest, but the potential influence on glucose tolerance has not been investigated. Accordingly, the aim was to investigate whether bed rest-induced impairments in glucose tolerance are related to a concomitant reduction in plasma volume. This hypothesis was tested mechanistically by restoring plasma volume with albumin infusion after bed rest and parallel determination of glucose tolerance. Fifteen healthy volunteers (age 24 ± 3 yr, body mass index 23 ± 2 kg/m2, maximal oxygen uptake 44 ± 8 ml·min−1·kg−1; means ± SD) completed 4 days of strict bed rest. Glucose tolerance [oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)] and plasma and blood volumes (carbon monoxide rebreathing) were assessed before and after 3 days of bed rest. On the fourth day of bed rest, plasma volume was restored by means of an albumin infusion prior to an OGTT. Plasma volume was reduced by 9.9 ± 3.0% on bed rest day 3 and area under the curve for OGTT was augmented by 55 ± 67%. However, no association ( R2= 0.09, P = 0.33) between these simultaneously occurring responses was found. While normalization of plasma volume by matched albumin administration (408 ± 104 ml) transiently decreased ( P < 0.05) resting plasma glucose concentration (5.0 ± 0.4 to 4.8 ± 0.3 mmol/l), this did not restore glucose tolerance. Bed rest-induced alterations in dilution space may influence resting glucose values but do not affect area under the curve for OGTT.

scholarly journals Endurance exercise training effects on body fatness, V̇o2max, HDL-C subfractions, and glucose tolerance are influenced by aPLINhaplotype in older Caucasians

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 498-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan T. Jenkins ◽  
Jennifer A. McKenzie ◽  
Coleen M. Damcott ◽  
Sarah Witkowski ◽  
James M. Hagberg
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Haplotype Group ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Major Haplotype ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Before And After

Perilipins are lipid droplet-coating proteins that regulate intracellular lipolysis in adipocytes. A haplotype of two perilipin gene ( PLIN) single nucleotide polymorphisms, 13041A>G and 14995A>T, has been previously associated with obesity risk. Furthermore, the available data indicate that this association may be modified by sex. We hypothesized that this haplotype would associate with body fatness, aerobic fitness, and a number of cardiovascular (CV) risk factor phenotypes before and after a 6-mo endurance exercise training program in sedentary older Caucasians. The major haplotype group (13041A/14995A; n = 57) had significantly lower body mass index (BMI) and body fatness compared with noncarriers of the AA haplotype ( n = 44) before the training intervention. Training improved body composition in both groups, but fatness remained higher in noncarriers than AA carriers after training. This fat retention in noncarriers blunted their maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max) adaptation to training. Female noncarriers had substantially higher concentrations of several conventionally and NMR-measured HDL-C subfractions than male noncarriers before and after training, but only minimal differences were found between the sexes in the AA haplotype group. Haplotype group differences in baseline and after-training responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) also differed by sex, as noncarrier men had the highest baseline area under the insulin curve (insulin AUC), but were the only group to significantly improve insulin AUC with training. The insulin sensitivity index and plasma glucose responses to the OGTT were more favorable in AA carriers than noncarriers before and after training. Overall, our findings suggest that PLIN variation explains some of the interindividual differences in the response of obesity and CV phenotypes to exercise training. Furthermore, these data contribute to the growing understanding of PLIN as a candidate gene for human obesity and the cardiometabolic consequences of excess adiposity.

scholarly journals Studies of the Impact of a Liver Glucokinase Promoter Variant on Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Sensitivity Index1

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1786-1789
Author(s):  
Søren A. Urhammer ◽  
Torben Hansen ◽  
Liselotte Brix Jensen ◽  
Jesper O. Clausen ◽  
Lars Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Because a frequently occurring nucleotide substitution at position− 258 in the liver glucokinase promoter has been reported to be associated with impaired promoter activity, we have examined in Danish Caucasians whether this variant is associated with alterations in glucose tolerance and/or the insulin sensitivity index (Si). Among 246 Danish Caucasian patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, the allelic frequency of the −258 promoter variant was 15.2% (95% confidence interval: 12.0–18.4%) vs. 16.5% (13.2–19.8%) among 242 matched control subjects. In the control group, the glucokinase variant was not related to serum insulin or plasma glucose levels before or during an oral glucose tolerance test. Neither was the gene variant among 380 young, healthy subjects associated with altered Si or altered insulin secretion after an iv glucose load. We conclude that in Danish Caucasians, the −258 glucokinase promoter variant has no impact on glucose tolerance, whole-body Si, or insulin secretion.

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