scholarly journals Life History of the Tamarind Weevil, Sitophilus linearis (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), on Tamarind Seed

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Adebayo Ojo ◽  
Adebayo Amos Omoloye
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Egg Incubation ◽  
Tamarind Seed ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
History Of

The tamarind weevil, Sitophilus linearis Herbst (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an important pest of tamarind and other Caesalpinioideae. Investigating its life history is important in the implementation of management strategy. Its life history was monitored daily to understand its developmental biology on tamarind seed following standard procedures under laboratory conditions of 24–30°C temperature, 60–70% relative humidity, and 12L : 12D photoperiod. The egg incubation period lasted 3.17 ± 0.07 days. A mated female of S. linearis laid an average of 165 ± 5.78 eggs during an oviposition period of 86.8 ± 2.47 days. There were four larval instars, with a total larval developmental period of 16 days. The pupal period lasted 8 days, and adult lived 108.5 ± 3.61 days. The overall growth ratio for the four instars was 1.33. There was a regular relationship and significant correlation (r=0.94) between the stages of larval development and head capsule width.

scholarly journals The Developmental Biology of Grain-Sucking Bug, Stenocoris elegans Blöte, on Upland Rice

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. IJIS.S15860
Author(s):  
Olaniyi Thomas Alamu ◽  
Francis Kolawole Ewete
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Biology ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Egg Incubation ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Rice Pest ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

The grain-sucking bug, Stenocoris elegans Blöte (Hemiptera: Alydidae), is an important rice pest in West Africa. Investigation on its developmental biology is important to provide the base and possibility to bring forth further research for the improvement of the pest management strategy. The developmental biology of S. elegans was investigated on upland rice variety IDSA 10 in the laboratory in Ibadan, Nigeria. The results showed that pre-oviposition and post-oviposition periods were 9.9 ± 0.49 and 6.1 ± 1.17 days, respectively, under ambient temperature and relative humidity. A mated female of S. elegans laid an average of 135.1 eggs during an oviposition period of 33.5 days. The average egg incubation period was 7.9 ± 0.3 days. There were five nymphal instars, and the total developmental period (first instar to adult) averaged 18.0 days. An over-all mean growth ratio of 1.29 was recorded for this species. A regular relationship existed between measurements of nymphal vertex and the duration of their developmental periods, and a significant correlation (0.98) was obtained.

The influence of temperature on the life history of the Antarctic nematode Panagrolaimus davidi

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Millar ◽  
David Wharton ◽  
Ian Brown
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Egg Incubation ◽  
Polar Species ◽  
Threshold Temperatures ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractPanagrolaimus davidi is a free-living microbivore, associated with moss and algal patches in coastal regions around Ross Island, Antarctica. In laboratory experiments, temperature had a major influence on P. davidi life history parameters. The optimal temperature occurred between 25 and 30°C and the temperature at which population growth ceased was estimated at 6.8°C. Threshold temperatures for developmental processes were in the range 4.1°C (for egg incubation) to 7.6°C (for generation time). The life history strategy of P. davidi shows r-selected features and is more similar to temperate free-living nematodes than to other polar species, which show K-selected features. In the Antarctic, P. davidi is forced to remain dormant for long periods and growth occurs intermittently when conditions allow, suggesting A selection. The life history of P. davidi thus exhibits both A and r-selected features.

BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR OF ZIMMERMAN PINE MOTH, DIORYCTRIA ZIMMERMANI, IN MICHIGAN

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Carlson ◽  
J. W. Butcher
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

AbstractThis paper reports on studies of biology and life history of the Zimmerman pine moth, Dioryctria zimmermani (Grote), in southern Michigan.Adults emerged during the last 3 weeks of August and eggs hatched through mid-September. Eggs were laid almost entirely on the main stem and, upon hatching, the larvae entered recesses in the bark and spun hibernacula, ostensibly without feeding.Studies on the vertical distribution of larvae and pupae showed a fairly uniform distribution over the main stem in spring and early summer. In late summer, a larger percentage was found in middle whorls.Based on head capsule measurements, it is tentatively proposed that there are six larval stadia. Occurrence of parasitism in the last larval stadia is discussed, and a new egg parasite is reported.The presence of D. abietivorella Grote in the study areas is noted, and discussed briefly.

Revision of the life history of the High Arctic moth Gynaephora groenlandica (Wocke) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1371-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Dean Morewood ◽  
Richard A Ring
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
History Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gynaephora Groenlandica

Many studies have explored the adaptations of arctic and alpine Gynaephora species (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) to their environment, and base-line life-history information is important for the interpretation of such studies. Data and observations on G. groenlandica (Wocke) collected in recent years at Alexandra Fiord, Ellesmere Island, Canada, contradict some of the life-history information previously published for this species from the same site. Detailed analysis of larval head capsule widths and consideration of growth ratios indicate that there are seven rather than six larval instars and that the pattern of development does not deviate significantly from that defined by the Brooks-Dyar rule. Field-rearing of larvae indicates that first-instar larvae overwinter, while field- and laboratory-rearing both indicate that larvae moult once per year, every year. These data and observations greatly shorten and simplify the life history from that previously published and suggest a life cycle of 7 rather than 14 years. This revised life cycle is not presented as an absolute, in recognition of the potential for individual variation, but rather as typical of the developmental pattern of most of the population. As such, it should provide a useful base line for further studies, especially those addressing the influence of predicted climate change in the Arctic.

The life-history of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum Koch, 1844 (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions

Parasitology ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Hyalomma Anatolicum ◽  
Hyalomma Anatolicum Anatolicum ◽  
Egg Incubation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Grant

The durations of the various phases of the life-history of the ixodid tick H. anatolicum anatolicum are described with particular reference to the modifying influence of temperature and relative humidity. An increase in the ambient temperature was found to decrease the length of the feeding, preoviposition, oviposition, larval and nymphal moulting periods and the egg-incubation period. The effect of change in relative humidity was less marked, the only significant effect being on the oviposition period which was protracted when the relative humidity was increased.Daily percentage water loss and longevity were found to be more or less inversely proportional. Thus at high temperatures and low relative humidities a large percentage of water was lost daily with consequent reduced life span.I wish to thank Dr R. P. Chaudhuri for providing me with the specimens of H. anatolicum anatolicum from which the culture was started, and Professor D. R. Arthur for his advice and assistance. I am also grateful to the Science Research Council for the provision of a research grant.

THE BIOLOGY OF PODISUS SERIEVENTRIS UHLER, IN CAPE BRETON, NOVA SCOTIA

1933 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Prebble
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Control Factor ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Animal Food ◽  
Cape Breton ◽  
First Instar ◽  
History Of ◽  
June July

The biology of Podisus serieventris Uhler, and its role in an outbreak of the black-headed budworm, Peronea variana Fernald, in Cape Breton, N.S., are described from studies carried on in 1930 and 1931. There is but one complete generation of Podisus a year, and adults of both sexes hibernate. The eggs are laid in late June, July and early August, the incubation period ranging between 10 and 15 days. There are five nymphal stages, requiring about 45 days, on the average, for the attainment of the adult condition. In these respects particularly, the life history of Podisus serieventris in Cape Breton differs from its life history in Massachusetts, where four nymphal stages and three annual generations and the hibernation of females only, have been reported.The species conforms satisfactorily to Dyar's Law, the average growth ratio of individuals studied in 1931 being about 1.28. The first-stage nymphs feed on unhatched eggs of their own species, and upon the juices of coniferous and deciduous foliage, but were not induced to feed upon small caterpillars. Nymphs were able to complete the first instar on a purely vegetable diet, but died before the second moult when the same diet was continued. Older nymphs, fed for some time on animal food, were not able to attain the adult condition when supplied with plant food alone. This indicates the dependence of the species upon animal food; the food consumption of the various stages is briefly summarized. Evidence is presented which suggests the utilization, by Podisus, of a toxic secretion in overcoming their prey.The rather limited value of Podisus as a control factor in the outbreak of Peronea variana in 1930 and 1931 is described. The decline of the Peronea population in 1931 caused a corresponding mortality in the Podisus population, by starvation.

LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS OF THE WHITE PINE CONE BORER, EUCOSMA TOCULLIONANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter de Groot
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
White Pine ◽  
The North ◽  
Pine Cone ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pollen Release

AbstractThe life history of the white pine cone borer, Eucosma tocullionana Heinrich, was studied from 1992 to 1994 in an eastern white pine seed orchard in Ontario. Adults flew from late May to early July, and egg laying commenced in mid-June. Oviposition coincided with the onset of white pine pollen release. Eggs were laid singly or in clusters on cones, with most of the eggs laid on the basal third of the cone. Head capsule measurements indicated five instars. Larvae fed in cones from mid-June to the end of August. Mature larvae exited the cones and dropped to the ground to pupate. The insect is univoltine. Parasitism by the Hymenoptera, Trichogramma and Apanteles, accounted for 5% of the eggs and 1% of the larvae, respectively. About 40% of the larvae died from being entrapped in resin. There were no significant differences in attack rates by E. tocullionana within the tree except in the middle level, where the south quadrant had significantly higher rates than the north quadrant.

Life history of Lygus keltoni (Hemiptera: Miridae) in the laboratory

2006 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 871-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.A. Cárcamo ◽  
T.R. Larson ◽  
C.E. Herle ◽  
J.K. Otani
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Life History Parameters ◽  
Egg Incubation ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
History Of

AbstractLygus keltoni Schwartz and Foottit is a species of plant bugs recently recognized as distinct from L. shulli Knight and an important component of the pest complex that attacks a number of field crops such as canola (Brassica napus) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in western Canada. The current laboratory study was undertaken to determine basic life-history parameters, such as instar duration, adult longevity, and reproductive potential, required to develop biologically based pest management strategies. At 25–27 °C, males lived around 34 days and females lived around 48 days. Females produced an average of 133 nymphs but up to 306 nymphs during their reproductive life, which averaged around 4 weeks (7-day preoviposition period). Egg incubation lasted around 10 days, instars 1–4 lasted 2–3 days each, and the 5th instar lasted 4 days. The reproductive potential of L. keltoni seems to be lower than that of L. hesperus Knight and L. lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), but other life-history parameters of the adults and development times of the nymphs are comparable.

scholarly journals Development and Life History ofSitophilus zeamais(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Cereal Crops

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Adebayo Ojo ◽  
Adebayo Amos Omoloye
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Head Capsule Width ◽  
The Mean

The maize weevil,Sitophilus zeamaisMotschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the most destructive pests of stored cereals. Knowledge of the life history and biology is important to the development of an integrated pest management program. Investigation was carried out on developmental biology ofS. zeamaison four main cereal crops, maize, rice, sorghum, and millet, under laboratory conditions. Egg incubation, oviposition periods, and larval instar development were not different significantly among the food hosts. Number of eggs laid varied significantly among the cereal grains; mean fecundity was highest on maize (67.2±3.16) and lowest on millet (53.8±0.17). Number of immature (larva and pupa) and adult stages varied significantly among the cereal grains. There exist four larval instars with a varied mean head capsule width, with a mean total instar larval developmental period of 23.1, 22.2, 22.2, and 21.6 d on maize, rice, sorghum, and millet, respectively. There was linear relationship and significant correlation between the stages of larval development and head capsule width. The mean developmental period from egg to adult varied, being highest on maize (34.7 d) and lowest on sorghum (33.5 d).

Life history and larval density of Cheumatopsyche digitata Mosely (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in Opa Reservoir spillway, Ile-Ife, southwestern Nigeria

Zoosymposia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 401-407
Author(s):  
SYLVESTER OGBOGU ◽  
WILLIAMS ADU
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Head Capsule Width ◽  
Site Density

The life history and density of Cheumatopsyche digitata Mosely (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) were examined below Opa Reservoir in Ile-Ife, southwestern Nigeria. This caddisfly is the only species that occurs immediately below the impoundment auxiliary spillway where it closely associates with an aquatic bryophyte, Fontinalis sp. We collected larvae every month between July 2004 and June 2005 as long as larvae were available in the study site. The instar growth ratio was fairly constant and ranged from 1.198 to 1.402 (mean ± standard error = 1.285 ± 0.073) but mean head capsule width increased with larval development. The frequency distribution of head capsule width of larvae clustered into 5 size classes, suggesting 5 larval instars for C. digitata in the study site. Density of larvae ranged from 1,100 to 11,150 inds.m-2 (mean ± SE = 6739  inds.m-2 ± 3904.70), the highest densities occurring in October 2004 during the bloom of Fontinalis. The first larval instar appeared in July 2004. Adult emergence occurred mainly in December 2004 through January 2005 at the onset of reservoir draw-down and death of Fontinalis. These patterns indicate that C. digitata tended to show a univoltine life cycle in the study site.

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