scholarly journals Cellular and Molecular Connections between Autophagy and Inflammation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Lapaquette ◽  
Jean Guzzo ◽  
Lionel Bretillon ◽  
Marie-Agnès Bringer
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Mediators Of Inflammation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
Autophagy Activity

Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic pathway essential for the recycling of proteins and larger substrates such as aggregates, apoptotic corpses, or long-lived and superfluous organelles whose accumulation could be toxic for cells. Because of its unique feature to engulf part of cytoplasm in double-membrane cup-shaped structures, which further fuses with lysosomes, autophagy is also involved in the elimination of host cell invaders and takes an active part of the innate and adaptive immune response. Its pivotal role in maintenance of the inflammatory balance makes dysfunctions of the autophagy process having important pathological consequences. Indeed, defects in autophagy are associated with a wide range of human diseases including metabolic disorders (diabetes and obesity), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and cancer. In this review, we will focus on interrelations that exist between inflammation and autophagy. We will discuss in particular how mediators of inflammation can regulate autophagy activity and, conversely, how autophagy shapes the inflammatory response. Impact of genetic polymorphisms in autophagy-related gene on inflammatory bowel disease will be also discussed.

scholarly journals Systematic Exposition of Mesenchymal Stem Cell for Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Its Associated Colorectal Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Kang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Xiao Luo ◽  
Xiangyu Ma ◽  
Gaoying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Therapeutic Mechanism ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Paracrine Actions ◽  
Different Sources

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy has been applied to a wide range of diseases with excessive immune response, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), owing to its powerful immunosuppression and its ability to repair tissue lesions. Different sources of MSCs show different therapeutic properties. Engineering managements are able to enhance the immunomodulation function and the survival of MSCs involved in IBD. The therapeutic mechanism of MSCs in IBD mainly focuses on cell-to-cell contact and paracrine actions. One of the promising therapeutic options for IBD can focus on exosomes of MSCs. MSCs hold promise for the treatment of IBD-associated colorectal cancer because of their tumor-homing function and chronic inflammation inhibition. Encouraging results have been obtained from clinical trials in IBD and potential challenges caused by MSCs therapy are getting solved. This review can assist investigators better to understand the research progress for enhancing the efficacy of MSCs therapy involved in IBD and CAC.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review and Update on the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingdong Guan
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Host Genetic Factors

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and life-threating inflammatory disease of gastroenteric tissue characterized by episodes of intestinal inflammation. The pathogenesis of IBD is complex. Recent studies have greatly improved our knowledge of the pathophysiology of IBD, leading to great advances in the treatment as well as diagnosis of IBD. In this review, we have systemically reviewed the pathogenesis of IBD and highlighted recent advances in host genetic factors, gut microbiota, and environmental factors and, especially, in abnormal innate and adaptive immune responses and their interactions, which may hold the keys to identify novel predictive or prognostic biomarkers and develop new therapies.

scholarly journals Ecological Structuring of Temperate Bacteriophages in the Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Affected Gut

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1663
Author(s):  
Hiroki Nishiyama ◽  
Hisashi Endo ◽  
Romain Blanc-Mathieu ◽  
Hiroyuki Ogata
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Temperate Bacteriophage ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The aim of this study was to elucidate the ecological structure of the human gut temperate bacteriophage community and its role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Temperate bacteriophages make up a large proportion of the human gut microbiota and are likely to play a role in IBD pathogenesis. However, many of these bacteriophages await characterization in reference databases. Therefore, we conducted a large-scale reconstruction of temperate bacteriophage and bacterial genomes from the whole-metagenome sequence data generated by the IBD Multi’omics Database project. By associating phages with their hosts via genome comparisons, we found that temperate bacteriophages infect a phylogenetically wide range of bacteria. The majority of variance in bacteriophage community composition was explained by variation among individuals, but differences in the abundance of temperate bacteriophages were identified between IBD and non-IBD patients. Of note, in active ulcerative colitis patients, temperate bacteriophages infecting Bacteroides uniformis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron—two species experimentally proven to be beneficial to gut homeostasis—were over-represented, whereas their hosts were under-represented in comparison with non-IBD patients. Supporting the mounting evidence that gut viral community plays a vital role in IBD, our results show potential association between temperate bacteriophages and IBD pathogenesis.

scholarly journals JAK inhibition using tofacitinib for inflammatory bowel disease treatment: a hub for multiple inflammatory cytokines

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (3) ◽  
pp. G155-G162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Danese ◽  
Matthew Grisham ◽  
Jennifer Hodge ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Telliez
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Jak Inhibitor ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The inflammatory diseases ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease constitute the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). They are characterized by chronic, relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, significantly impacting on patient quality of life and often requiring prolonged treatment. Existing therapies for IBD are not effective for all patients, and an unmet need exists for additional therapies to induce and maintain remission. Here we describe the mechanism of action of the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, tofacitinib, for the treatment of IBD and the effect of JAK inhibition on the chronic cycle of inflammation that is characteristic of the disease. The pathogenesis of IBD involves a dysfunctional response from the innate and adaptive immune system, resulting in overexpression of multiple inflammatory cytokines, many of which signal through JAKs. Thus JAK inhibition allows multiple cytokine signaling pathways to be targeted and is expected to modulate the innate and adaptive immune response in IBD, thereby interrupting the cycle of inflammation. Tofacitinib is an oral, small molecule JAK inhibitor that is being investigated as a targeted immunomodulator for IBD. Clinical development of tofacitinib and other JAK inhibitors is ongoing, with the aspiration of providing new treatment options for IBD that have the potential to deliver prolonged efficacy and clinically meaningful patient benefits.

scholarly journals Dextran Sodium Sulphate Colitis Mouse Model: Traps and Tricks

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Perše ◽  
Anton Cerar
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Dextran Sulphate ◽  
Dextran Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Colitis Model

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex multifactorial disease of unknown etiology. Thus, dozens of different animal models of IBD have been developed in past decades. Animal models of IBD are valuable and indispensable tools that provide a wide range of options for investigating involvement of various factors into the pathogenesis of IBD and to evaluate different therapeutic options. However, the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS-) induced colitis model has some advantages when compared to other animal models of colitis. It is well appreciated and widely used model of inflammatory bowel disease because of its simplicity. It has many similarities to human IBD, which are mentioned in the paper. In spite of its simplicity and wide applicability, there are also traps that need to be taken into account when using DSS model. As demonstrated in the present paper, various factors may affect susceptibility to DSS-induced lesions and modify results.

scholarly journals Mediators of Inflammation in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hatzistilianou-Sidiropoulou ◽  
S. Nousia-Arvanitakis ◽  
A. Galli-Tsinopoulou ◽  
C. Agguridaki ◽  
M. Xefteri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Parent Molecule ◽  
Mediators Of Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children remains a challenging problem. Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis are characterized by an activation of intestinal mononuclear cells and T-cells within the inflammed lesions. In the present study, we determined whether circulating inflammatory mediators, such as interleukins and adhesion molecules, may represent useful markers of immune activation in vivo. Serum concentrations of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, sIL-2R, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were measured by a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 18 patients with IBD and 25 healthy subjects matched for age and sex (control group). According to our results, all the inflammatory mediators are significantly increased in patients with IBD as compared to the control group. Pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10) are elevated in the serum of patients with active disease, suggesting that they act as naturally occuring initiators of the acute inflammatory process. Increased IL-2 and sIL-2R levels reflect T-cell activation. Increased circulating sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels may reflect increased adhesiveness and signal transmission across cells, probably as a result of shedding of the parent molecule during local cellular immunoresponses in vivo. The measurement of inflammatory mediators may be a useful adjunct to the clinical assessment and to the routine laboratory testing of IBD pediatric patients.

scholarly journals Complementary Practitioners’ View of Treatment for Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja J Verhoef ◽  
Ivan Rapchuk ◽  
Trina Liew ◽  
Vanessa Weir ◽  
Robert J Hilsden
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Food Store ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Health Food Store ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

A substantial number of patients with inflammatory bowel disease use complementary therapies to manage their disease, including chiropractic and herbal therapies. The objective of this study was to explore whether providers of these therapies see patients with inflammatory bowel disease and recommend therapies, and to determine their opinions about the treatments that they recommend. The study sample comprised 66 chiropractors, 19 pharmacists, 16 herbalists and 15 health food store employees in Calgary, Alberta. A structured questionnaire containing two patient scenarios (a patient with active ulcerative colitis and a patient with inactive Crohn’s disease) was completed either by an in-person interview or by a mailed questionnaire. Most respondents had seen patients with ulcerative colitis, and at least 80% of each group except pharmacists (only 10%) would treat these patients or recommend treatment. Almost all chiropractors used spinal manipulation, whereas herbalists and health food store employees suggested a wide range of different treatments. Chiropractors rated their treatment as moderately effective; herbalists and health food store employees viewed their recommendations as very effective. The results with respect to the second scenario were very similar. The wide range of treatment recommendations by practitioners, who differ greatly in terms of skills, knowledge and experience, has important implications for physician-patient communication, information provision and education regarding complementary and alternative therapies.

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