scholarly journals Effects of Zeaxanthin on Growth and Invasion of Human Uveal Melanoma in Nude Mouse Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoliang L. Xu ◽  
Dan-Ning Hu ◽  
Codrin Iacob ◽  
Adrienne Jordan ◽  
Sandipkumar Gandhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Nude Mice ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Nude Mouse Model ◽  
Promising Agent ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Mitotic Figures

Uveal melanoma cells were inoculated into the choroid of nude mice and treated with or without intraocular injection of zeaxanthin. After 21 days, mice were sacrificed and the eyes enucleated. Histopathological analysis was performed in hematoxylin and eosin stained frozen sections. Melanoma developed rapidly in the control group (without treatment of zeaxanthin). Tumor-bearing eye mass and tumor mass in the control group were significantly greater than those in zeaxanthin treated group. Melanoma in the controlled eyes occupied a large part of the eye, was epithelioid in morphology, and was with numerous mitotic figures. Scleral perforation and extraocular extension were observed in half of the eyes. Melanomas in zeaxanthin treated eyes were significantly smaller with many necrosis and apoptosis areas and no extraocular extension could be found. Quantitative image analysis revealed that the tumor size was reduced by 56% in eyes treated with low dosages of zeaxanthin and 92% in eyes treatment with high dosages of zeaxanthin, as compared to the controls. This study demonstrated that zeaxanthin significantly inhibits the growth and invasion of human uveal melanoma in nude mice, suggesting that zeaxanthin may be a promising agent to be explored for the prevention and treatment of uveal melanoma.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Histopathological Effects on Liver Profile due to Acute and Subacute Oral Toxicity of Somina on Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Aisha Azmat ◽  
Muhammad Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Limited research studies are reported regarding the toxicological effect of different herbal medicine already used in different countries. Objective: This research study was planned to examine the changes in liver (biochemical and histological) associated with oral administration of somina (acute and sub-acute) in rats. Methodology: Group– I served as control (saline), while other groups (II, III) were daily treated with somina at different doses of 0.285g/kg (group – II), 10g/kg/day (group – III), for 14 (set I), 21 (set II), and 30 (set III) consecutive days.  Each group contains 12 rats. During the study period, signs and behavioral changes, mortality, were observed. At the end of study period, blood sample was drawn directly from heart, for the estimation of liver enzymes: Bilirubin (BIL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum glutamic pyruvic transferase (SGPT), aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT), Albumin (ALB) and total protein (TP). The liver was carefully dichotomized, weighed, and further processed for histopathological analysis. Results: Herbal drug somina was claimed to be practically non-toxic as in rats no mortality was recorded after the oral administration of somina (14, 21 and 30 consecutive days). Liver profile showed non-significant changes in treated group- II and III (P > 0.05), as compared to the control (group- I). The histopathological examination did not reveal any deteriorative effect. Conclusion: It was concluded that oral administration of somina did not produce any significant detrimental effects on rat liver (biochemical and histopathological parameters), even at doses of 10g/kg/day indicating its safe use.

scholarly journals Histomorphological effect of celecoxib on cellular diameter of proximal convoluted tubules of kidney with protective effect of lycopene in albino rats; an experimental study.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1748-1754
Author(s):  
Sadia Sundus ◽  
Maria Mohiuddin ◽  
Sarwath Fatimee ◽  
Ashoke Kumar ◽  
Shah Jabeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Convoluted Tubules ◽  
Proximal Convoluted Tubules

Objectives: To observe the cellular diameter of proximal convoluted tubules of kidney of albino rats on celecoxib induced kidney with protection by lycopene. Study Design: Experimental study. Setting: BMSI (Anatomy Department), JPMC, Karachi. Period: 4th May 2015 to 3rd June 2015. Materials and Methods: Ninety to one twenty days old, forty healthy adult, male Albino rats of 200-220gm were taken for the study. The rats were divided into 4 groups, Group A was control group, Group B  receive Celecoxib  50 mg/kg body weight orally,  Group C receive Celecoxib 50 mg/kg body weight orally along with lycopene50 mg/kg body weight orally and Group D receive lycopene 50 mg/kg body weight orally for 30 days. At the end of study rats were sacrificed and renal tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results: Markedly increased cellular diameter of proximal convoluted tubules was observed in rats taking celecoxib. Slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin showed altered and degenerative changes in the renal parenchyma of cortex and medulla. Ballooning of cells, hemorrhage and moderate edema was seen in celecoxib group. Renal interstitium showed infiltration of mononuclear cells, congested and dilated blood vessels. However, renal architecture was improved and reversed in celecoxib along with lycopene receiving group. Conclusion: This study concludes that lycopene decreased the cellular diameter of proximal convoluted tubules in celecoxib treated group.

scholarly journals The Nephroprotective Effect of Zizyphus lotus L. (Desf.) Fruits in a Gentamicin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Model in Rats: A Biochemical and Histopathological Investigation

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4806
Author(s):  
Noureddine Bencheikh ◽  
Mohamed Bouhrim ◽  
Loubna Kharchoufa ◽  
Omkulthom Mohamed Al Kamaly ◽  
Hamza Mechchate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
Biochemical Observation

Zizyphus lotus L. (Desf.) (Z. lotus) is a medicinal plant largely distributed all over the Mediterranean basin and is traditionally used by Moroccan people to treat many illnesses, including kidney failure. The nephrotoxicity of gentamicin (GM) has been well documented in humans and animals, although the preventive strategies against it remain to be studied. In this investigation, we explore whether the extract of Zizyphus lotus L. (Desf.) Fruit (ZLF) exhibits a protective effect against renal damage produced by GM. Indeed, twenty-four Wistar rats were separated into four equal groups of six each (♂/♀ = 1). The control group was treated orally with distilled water (10 mL/kg); the GM treated group received distilled water (10 mL/kg) and an intraperitoneal injection of GM (80 mg/kg) 3 h after; and the treated groups received ZLF extract orally at the doses 200 or 400 mg/kg and injected intraperitoneally with the GM. All treatments were given daily for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, the biochemical parameters and the histological observation related the kidney function was explored. ZLF treatment has significantly attenuated the nephrotoxicity induced by the GM. This effect was indicated by its capacity to decrease significantly the serum creatinine, uric acid, urea, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, albumin, calcium, sodium amounts, water intake, urinary volume, and relative kidney weight. In addition, this effect was also shown by the increase in the creatinine clearance, urinary creatinine, uric acid, and urea levels, weight gain, compared to the rats treated only with the GM. The hemostasis of oxidants/antioxidants has been significantly improved with the treatment of ZLF extract, which was shown by a significant reduction in malondialdehydes levels. Histopathological analysis of renal tissue was correlated with biochemical observation. Chemical analysis by HPLC-DAD showed that the aqueous extract of ZLF is rich in phenolic compounds such as 3-hydroxycinnamic acid, catechin, ferulic acid, gallic acid, hydroxytyrosol, naringenin, p- coumaric Acid, quercetin, rutin, and vanillic acid. In conclusion, ZLF extract improved the nephrotoxicity induced by GM, through the improvement of the biochemical and histological parameters and thus validates its ethnomedicinal use.

scholarly journals Histological study of the effect of some irrigating solutions on bacterial endotoxin in dogs

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva ◽  
Mario Roberto Leonardo ◽  
Sada Assed ◽  
Mário Tanomaru Filho
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Mechanical Preparation ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Harmful Effects

The aim of this study was to evaluate, histopathologically, the effectiveness of mechanical preparation of root canals using different irrigating solutions in dog teeth filled with LPS after pulpectomy. A total of 120 root canals of 6 mongrel dogs were filled with a solution of LPS after pulpectomy. The irrigating solutions used were saline, 1, 2.5, and 5% sodium hypochlorite, and 2% chlorhexidine. No irrigation was used in the control group. The animals were sacrificed after 60 days and the teeth were fixed and demineralized. Subsequently, serial 6-µm sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Mallory's trichrome for histopathological analysis and Brown-Brenn for verification of bacterial contamination. Analysis showed that the inflammatory infiltrate was statistically less intense in the groups in which the root canals were irrigated with 5% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine. However, none of the irrigating solutions completely inactivated the harmful effects of LPS. Mechanical preparation associated with different irrigating solutions did not completely inactivate LPS.

scholarly journals Imatinib Mesylate Alters the Expression of Genes Related to Disease Progression in an Animal Model of Uveal Melanoma

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno F. Fernandes ◽  
Sebastian Di Cesare ◽  
Rubens Neto Belfort ◽  
Shawn Maloney ◽  
Claudia Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imatinib Mesylate ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metastasis Suppressor ◽  
Pcr Array ◽  
Intraocular Tumors ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Imatinib mesylate (IM) is a compound that inhibits both BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase and c-kit receptors. Tyrosine kinases are important in cellular signaling and mediate major cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, attachment, and migration. Twenty-six albino rabbits were injected with 1 × 106 human uveal melanoma (UM) cells (92.1) into the suprachoroidal space. Animals were immunosuppressed (cyclosporin A) over the course of the 12-week experiment and divided into two groups (n = 13). The experimental group received IM once daily by gavage while the control group received a placebo. One animal per group was sacrificed every week after the 2nd week. Upon necropsy, organs were harvested for histopathological examination. Cells from the primary tumors were recultured and tested in proliferation and invasion assays. A PCR array was used to investigate the differences in expression of 84 genes related to tumor metastasis. In the treated group, 4 rabbits developed intraocular tumors, with an average largest tumor dimension (LTD) of 2.5 mm and 5 animals reported metastatic disease. Whereas 6 rabbits in the control group developed intraocular tumors, with an average LTD of 5.8 mm and 6 animals reported metastatic disease. The recultured cells from the treated group demonstrated lower proliferation rates and were less invasive (p < 0.001 The PCR array showed differences in expression of genes related to metastasis. Notably, there was 290-fold increase inSERPINB5, a tumor suppressor gene, and a 10-fold higher expression ofKISS1, a metastasis suppressor gene, in the treated group. Proangiogenic genes such asVEGFA,PDGFAandPDGFBwere downregulated in the treated group. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report detailing the altered expression of specific genes in UM cells after treatment with IM.

scholarly journals LIVER INJURY

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1269-1275
Author(s):  
Zunera Hakim ◽  
Akbar Waheed ◽  
Bareera Hakim ◽  
Najam ul Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Antithyroid Drug ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group I

Methimazole (MMI) is a widely used antithyroid drug for hyperthyroidism.However its clinical use is associated with many deleterious effects including hepatotoxicity.MMI induced liver injury is dependent upon bio-activation to toxic intermediates revealing theimportant role of drug metabolizing enzymes in generation of this adverse reaction. Studydesign: Randomized controlled laboratory trial. Period: 04 months from March 2015 to June2015. Settings: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Army Medical College,Rawalpindi. Aim of the study: The effect of isoniazid (INH) on MMI induced hepatotoxicity wasevaluated in mice. Materials and Method: Thirty male BALB/c mice were randomly dividedinto five groups. Group I served as control group (C-I). Group II (C-II) served as control forINH treated group and received plain drinking water for ten consecutive days. Hepatotoxicitywas induced by single intraperitoneal injection of MMI at a dose of 1000mg/kg in Group III(MMI).Group IV (INH) received isoniazid (0.1%w/v) in drinking water for ten consecutive days.A separate group V (INH +MMI) of isoniazid pretreated mice was given MMI at eleventh day fordetermination of combined effect of both drugs. The extent of hepatic damage was determinedby estimation of serum ALT and ALP along with histopathological analysis of liver samples.Results: MMI resulted in markedly elevated ALT and ALP with hepatic inflammation. INHadministration produced no significant change in both serum biomarkers and histopathologyappearance. Pretreatment of INH with MMI produced insignificant escalation of liver enzymesand microscopic parameters. However, biochemical and histological comparison of this groupwith MMI group revealed statistically consequential differences. Conclusion: INH has beneficialrole in preventing MMI induced hepatic injury.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Rosa canina Fruit on Vancomycin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hossein Sadeghi ◽  
Ehsan Karimizadeh ◽  
Heibatollah Sadeghi ◽  
Esmaeel Panahi kokhdan ◽  
Mahboubeh Mansourian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Rosa Canina ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Group I

Vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity (VIN) has been reported to occur in 5–35% of recipient patients. The aims of the study were to evaluate protective effects of Rosa canina (RC) on VIN in rats. Rats were randomly divided into five groups as follows: control group I, group II (received VAN 400 mg/kg/day, every 12 h at doses of 200 mg/kg/day, for 7 consecutive days), group III (VAN + RC 250 mg/kg/day, for 7 consecutive days), group IV (VAN + RC 500 mg/kg/day, for consecutive days), and group V (received RC 500 mg/kg/day, for consecutive 7 days). On the eighth day after anesthetizing the animals, blood samples were taken from the heart, and then, the kidneys were removed to investigate kidney function, oxidative stress, and histopathological marker. Also, the chemical composition of RC extract was identified by GC-MS analysis. Oral dose of 500 mg/kg RC extract significantly reduced the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) and also the kidney tissue MDA, protein carbonyl, and NO metabolites (nitrite) levels compared to the VAN-treated group ( P < 0.05 ). Based on histopathological analysis, RC extract at the dose of 500 mg/kg inhibited the destructive effects of VAN on kidney tissues. GC-MS analysis indicated that the main compositions were found to be lactose (21.96%), 3-t-butyloxaziridine (20.91%), and 5-oxymethylfurfurole (16.75%). The results indicated that oral administration of RC was able to reduce VAN-induced nephrotoxicity in rats, possibly through antioxidant pathways.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effects of Photobiomodulation of Low-Level Laser on Total Thickness Burn Induced in Animal Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 2517-2534
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Power Laser ◽  
Post Injury

Aim study was to evaluate the effects of low-power laser photobiomodulation (LBP) in third-degree burns induced in an animal model. Forty Wistar rats (Ratus norvegicus albinus) were used, females weighing between 200 and 300 grams, randomly divided into a control group (GC = 20) and a laser-treated group (DL = 20). A 1cm² third-degree burn injury was performed on the back of each animal after trichotomy and followed by surgical debridement 24 hours after induction. In the treated group (LBP) a laser was applied at a wavelength of 660 nm, a power of 27 mW and an average irradiance of 0.954 W / cm2 at five points of the wound. The total fluency was 350 Joules / cm2 and application of 5 Joules per wound. Biopsy fragments were collected on days 3, 7, 15 and 21 post-injury for macro and microscopic analysis using the techniques of Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE), Gomori's Trichrome (TG) and Picrosirius red. The results were evaluated by Tukey's Test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis Test (non-parametric) and T-paired Test. The healing process evaluated by morphometry showed a relative statistical difference between the CG and LBP groups. Histopathological analysis showed a decrease in the inflammatory infiltrate, angiogenesis, synthesis of granulation tissue and collagen deposition, increased fibroblasts, matrix organization, and reepithelization of the lesion. Thus, low-power laser photobiomodulation can contribute to the wound repair process efficiently.

scholarly journals Analysis of Development Mechanism of Giant Cell Arteritis in Nude Mouse Model through Color Duplex Sonography and Computerized Tomography Nanocontrast Agent

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fugang Chen ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Hongyan Zhou ◽  
Chuang Sun ◽  
Sun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Nude Mouse ◽  
Nude Mice ◽  
Temporal Artery ◽  
Duplex Sonography ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Color Duplex Sonography ◽  
Nude Mouse Model ◽  
Experimental Group

To explore the application value of color duplex sonography and enhanced computerized tomography (CT) inspection based on a nanocontrast agent in diagnosis and pathogenesis in giant cell arteritis (GCA), the GCA nude mouse model was constructed. In this study, 40 healthy male BalB/c nude mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into a control group (no model) and an experimental group (model), with 20 mice in each group, and the temporal artery tissue of GCA patients diagnosed as positive by temporal artery biopsy was implanted into nude mice to construct a GCA nude mouse model. Abdominal aortic biopsy and immunohistochemistry were used to verify the success of the GCA nude mouse model. All nude mice were subjected to color duplex sonography and enhanced CT examination based on a nanocontrast agent. At the same time, the basic indicators such as body weight, temperature, white blood cell (WBC), lymphocytes (LYM), hemoglobin (HGB), and platelet (PLT) were measured, and the protein expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the temporal artery wall of the nude mice in the experimental group thickened and the lumen was significantly narrowed, indicating that the cell arteritis model of nude mice was successfully constructed; ultrasound examination showed that the right superficial temporal artery vascular cavity narrowed, the blood flow signal changed like a filling defect around the periphery, and there was a low echo halo. CT examination showed that the left superficial temporal artery narrowed, and the inner diameter of the narrow segment of blood vessels changed like a bead. The body weight of nude mice in the experimental group decreased significantly after the modeling was completed ( P < 0.05 ); after modeling, the body temperature of the nude mice in the experimental group increased significantly ( P < 0.05 ); LYM and HGB values of nude mice in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ); the content of IL-6, STAT3, IL-6, and STAT3 proteins in the arterial tissue of nude mice in the experimental group was lower than that of the control group ( P < 0.05 ), indicating that color duplex sonography and CT contrast agent technology can be used in the diagnosis and development mechanism research of GC.

scholarly journals Comparative effects of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid, monensin, and salinomycin on cadmium-induced brain dysfunction in cadmium-intoxicated mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Ivanova ◽  
Emilia Petrova ◽  
Kalina Kamenova ◽  
Yordanka Gluhcheva
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Brain Dysfunction ◽  
Dimercaptosuccinic Acid ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Neuronal Necrosis ◽  
The Brain

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects ofmeso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and the polyether ionophorous antibiotics monensin and salinomycin on Cd-induced neurodegenerative alterations in mice. The results show that subacute intoxication of mice with Cd (II) acetate (20 mg/kg body weight (BW) for 14 days) caused a significant accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in the brain. Treatment of Cd-exposed mice with DMSA (20 mg/kg BW for 14 days) significantly increased the Cd concentration in the brains compared to those of the Cd-treated group. However, administration of monensin (20 mg/kg BW for 14 days) or salinomycin (20 mg/kg BW for 14 days) significantly reduced the Cd concentration in the brains of Cd-treated mice compared to the toxic control group. Histopathological analysis of brain tissues from the Cd-treated mice revealed that Cd induced neuronal necrosis, characterized by many shrunken, darkly stained pyknotic neurons with prominent perineuronal spaces. Whereas monensin and salinomycin significantly reduced the adverse effects of Cd on brain morphology of Cd-treated mice, DMSA did not. Monensin slightly increased the copper and iron endogenous levels in the brains of Cd-exposed mice compared to those of the untreated mice. Salinomycin did not affect the concentrations of biometal ions in the brain of Cd-exposed mice compared to untreated controls. The results demonstrated salinomycin to be a better potential chelating agent for treatment of Cd-induced brain injury compared to DMSA and monensin.

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