scholarly journals Identification of Subgingival Periodontal Pathogens and Association with the Severity of Periodontitis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidan Bahtiar Ismail ◽  
Gener Ismail ◽  
Anca Silvia Dumitriu ◽  
Catalin Baston ◽  
Vlad Berbecar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Medical File ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Background. The aim of our study was to assess the subgingival profile of 9 periodontal pathogens, by means of real-time PCR, in a group of predialysis chronic kidney disease patients with and without periodontal disease and to identify the risk factors associated with periodontal disease in these patients.Material and Methods. This is a single centre cross-sectional cohort study performed on 70 CKD patients. Patients received a full-mouth periodontal examination and the following parameters were assessed: periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, and plaque index; subgingival biofilm samples were collected from the deepest periodontal pocket of each quadrant and were pooled in one transporting unit. Clinical data were drawn from the medical file of the patients.Results.T. denticola(P=0.001),T. forsythia(P<0.001), andP. micros(P=0.003) are significantly associated with periodontal disease in CKD subjects but in a multivariate model only age andT. forsythiaremain independent risk factors for periodontal disease in patients with CKD.Conclusions. In our cohort, age andT. forsythiaare independently associated with periodontitis in CKD patients. Within the limits of this study, CKD was not significantly associated with a particular subgingival periodontal pathogens profile in periodontitis patients.

Activities and risk factors associated with fall-related injuries among US Army soldiers

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001564
Author(s):  
Raina D Brooks ◽  
T Grier ◽  
B H Jones ◽  
M C Chervak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Near Falls ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Army Soldiers

IntroductionFalls/near falls are the second leading cause of hospitalisation and outpatient visits among US Army soldiers. While numerous studies have evaluated fall-related or near fall-related injuries among elderly adults, few have evaluated this association among young adults. The objective of this study is to describe the characteristics and risk factors associated with fall-related or near fall-related injuries among male US Army soldiers.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study of male US Army Airborne Division soldiers (n=5187). Electronic surveys captured demographic, lifestyle, physical training (PT), fitness and injury data during spring/summer of 2016. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors of fall-related or near fall-related injuries, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsPrimary findings indicated that activities and risk factors associated with fall-related or near fall-related injuries among soldiers included younger age (≤35 years), holding a job that required minimal lifting activities, slower 2-mile run times and not running during personal PT.ConclusionsThe findings from this study suggest that male US Army soldiers and other physically active men may benefit from (1) obtaining and/or maintaining higher aerobic endurance and muscular strength, and (2) training focused on preventing fall-related injuries during PT, road marching and sports/recreational activities. Moreover, prevention strategies and education should further target younger soldiers (≤35 years old), as younger age is not modifiable.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infections in Shenzhen, China.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Xia Chang ◽  
Kang-Kang Chen ◽  
Xiao-Ting Liu ◽  
Hao-Yuan Zhang ◽  
Meng-Man Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urine Specimen ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and proportion of laboratory-confirmed urethral Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections that were asymptomatic among individuals presenting to different clinics in Shenzhen and the risk factors related to STI infections in this population.Methods In a cross-sectional study, 8,309 eligible individuals were invited to participate in a questionnaire interview, and urine specimens were collected for identification of CT and NG infections. Corresponding outcomes were analyzed by Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression.Results Among 7070 participants who completed the questionnaire and provided the urine specimen, 2871 were asymptomatic and included in our analyses: 1120 (39.0%) males and 1751 (61.0%) females. The prevalence of NG and CT was 0.9% and 6.2% among males reporting no symptoms, and 0.4% and 7.9% among females reporting no symptoms, respectively. The proportion of asymptomatic urethral CT among males with urethral CT was 28.3%; for females, it was 34.2%. For asymptomatic males with urethral NG/CT, 3 independent risk factors were identified: (1) males under the age of 30 (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.07-2.84); (2) being employed in the commercial service work (2.69; 1.33-5.45); and (3) being recruited through the urological department (2.18; 1.24-3.83). For asymptomatic females with urethral NG/CT, 2 independent risk factors were identified: (1) females under the age of 30 (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.25-2.58); and (2) being recruited through the dermatological department (2.83; 1.46-5.46).Conclusion A substantial prevalence of asymptomatic CT infections was found among males and females presenting to clinics in Shenzhen. The significant correlation between asymptomatic CT infection and these risk factors could help identify high-risk populations and guide screening.

Low serum albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, and body mass are risk factors for frailty in elderly people with diabetes: possible mechanistic role of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate – a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Yanase ◽  
Ikumi Yanagita ◽  
Yuya Fujihara ◽  
Chikayo Iwaya ◽  
Yuichi Kitajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Relatively low dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and high cortisol/DHEA ratio have been suggested to be associated with frailty, evaluated using a physical scale. However, the significance of these two hormones for frailty in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been assessed using a wider range of measures of frailty, including physical, mental, and social indices. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the significance of these two hormones for frailty in elderly T2DM patients (n=148; ≥65 years), using a broad assessment, the clinical frailty scale, and to reevaluate the risk factors for frailty in elderly T2DM patients. We compared parameters between the non-frail and frail groups using the unpaired t and Mann-Whitney U tests. The Jonckheere-Therpstra test was used to identify relationships with the severity of frailty and risk factors were identified using binary regression analysis. Results: Simple regression analysis identified a number of significant risk factors for frailty, including DHEAS <70 µg/dL and cortisol/DHEA-S ratio ≥0.2. Multiple regression analysis showed that low albumin (<4.0 g/dl) (odds ratio [OR]=5.79, p <0.001), low aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity (<25 IU/L) (OR=4.34, p =0.009), and low body mass (BM) (<53 kg) (OR=3.85, p =0.012) were independent risk factors for frailty. A significant decrease in DHEA-S and a significant increase in the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio occurred alongside increases in the severity of frailty. DHEA-S concentration positively correlated with both serum albumin and BM. Conclusions: Hypoalbuminemia, low AST, and low BM are independent risk factors for frailty in elderly T2DM patients, strongly implying relative malnutrition in these frail patients. DHEA-S may be important for the maintenance of liver function and BM. A decrease in DHEA-S and an increase in the cortisol/DHEAS ratio may be involved in the mechanism of the effect of malnutrition in elderly T2DM patients.

scholarly journals Periodontal Disease Is an Independent Predictor of Intracardiac Calcification

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg S. Pressman ◽  
Atif Qasim ◽  
Nitin Verma ◽  
Masami Miyamae ◽  
Kumiko Arishiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Inflammatory Condition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Calcification Score ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Condition ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

Background. Periodontitis is the most common chronic inflammatory condition worldwide and is associated with incident coronary disease.Hypothesis. We hypothesized that periodontal disease would also be associated with cardiac calcification, a condition which shares many risk factors with atherosclerosis and is considered a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis.Methods. Cross-sectional study at two sites (USA and Japan) involving subjects with both clinical echocardiograms and detailed dental examinations. Semiquantitative scoring systems were used to assess severity of periodontal disease and echocardiographic calcification.Results. Fifty-six of 73 subjects (77%) had cardiac calcifications, and 51% had moderate to severe periodontal disease (score > 2). In unadjusted analysis, a significant relationship between periodontal score and cardiac calcification (Spearman rho = 0.4,P=0.001) was noted, with increases in mean calcification score seen across increasing levels of periodontal disease. On multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for age, gender, race, glomerular filtration rate, and traditional risk factors, this association remained significant (P=0.024). There was no significant interaction by study site, race, or gender.Conclusions. In a multiracial population, we found a significant association between the degree of periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory condition, and cardiac calcification. Further, higher periodontal scores were associated with greater degrees of calcification.

Sexual behaviour of inmates with Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the prisons of Catalonia, Spain

Sexual Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelin L. Corbeto ◽  
Dolors Carnicer-Pont ◽  
Rossie Lugo ◽  
Victoria Gonzalez ◽  
Elisabet Bascuñana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
High Risk Factors ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Objective To determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and high risk factors for acquisition in preventive prisoners in Catalonia. Methods: Cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of 478 prisoners aged between 18 and 35 years was analysed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect behavioural data. Significant differences were analysed in the descriptive study using Pearson’s χ2. The association between CT and its determinants was analysed using the Mantel–Haenszel test and a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: The overall prevalence of CT was 5.4%. The independent risk factors for infection by CT were as follows: foreign origin, having had concurrent sexual partners, and alcohol consumption. Conclusions: This is the first study performed in prisons of Catalonia that shows the prevalence of CT in young prisoners. The high mobility of young detainees could explain the similarity in prevalence obtained about young people in Catalonia. Systematic monitoring of CT infection in young preventive prisoners is important in order to prevent further problems in themselves and in the general population, since they become a ‘bridge population’ in sexually transmissible infection spreading.

scholarly journals Investigation into the Prevalence of Cryptosporidium Infection in Calves among Small-Holder Dairy and Traditional Herds in Tanzania

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel S. Swai ◽  
Luuk Schoonman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
House Floor ◽  
Small Holder ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine prevalence and risk factors of cryptosporidiosis in bovine from two contrasting production system in and around Tanga municipality between May 2003 and January 2004. The study populations comprised 117 calves aged ≤3 months, randomly selected from 44 smallholders dairy and traditional managed herds, respectively. Individual calf and herd-level information was collected using a structured questionnaire and feacal samples were screened forCryptosporidiumspp oocysts using the modified Ziehl-Neelsen method. Overall, 35% of the calves in the study were sheddingCryptosporidiumspp oocysts, with at least one positive calf detected in 54.5% of herds. Independent risk factors for cryptosporidiosis were: age ≥1 to ≤2 months and level of cleanness of calf house floor categorized as dirty (). Similarly an increases risk ofCryptosporidiumspp infection was found in calves from smallholder dairy units compared to traditional herds (). The finding highlights thatCryptosporidiumspp is prevalent among calves in the area under study. The high prevalence of cryptosporidiosis detected in this study suggests that it may have a significant impact on livestock industry and that the close interaction between cattle and human may play a role in zoonotic transmission to humans.

scholarly journals Investigation of Salivary RANKL and OPG Levels in Periodontitis Patients at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Asif ◽  
Basaruddin Ahmad ◽  
Syed Ameer Hamza ◽  
Haslina Taib ◽  
Nur Karyatee Kassim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plaque Score ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Severe Periodontitis ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Unstimulated Whole Saliva

Abstract Background This study was aimed to determine the levels of salivary receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its association with periodontal status among periodontitis patients. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional study was designed and performed at the Dental Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). Random sampling was employed to identify 88 participants into three groups: 30 mild periodontitis, 30 moderate to severe periodontitis, and 28 healthy (nonperiodontitis) patients. Periodontal parameters: periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque score (PS), and gingival bleeding index (GBI) were recorded. In total, 4 mL of unstimulated whole saliva was collected to determine the levels of salivary RANKL and OPG proteins by using ELISA technique. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software version 24.0. Results Mean values for PPD (5.3 ± 0.5) and CAL (5.6 ± 0.5) were observed higher for moderate to severe periodontitis as compared with values (4.4 ± 0.2) (4.5 ± 0.2) in mild periodontitis patients. The mean salivary RANKL and OPG was 0.23 ± 0.07 ng/mL and 1.78 ± 0.70 ng/mL respectively in moderate to severe periodontitis. Only salivary RANKL levels were significantly and positively correlated with all the clinical periodontal parameters. Conclusion The levels of salivary RANKL were higher as opposed to lower OPG levels in periodontitis patients in contrast to healthy (nonperiodontitis) patients. RANKL levels were significantly associated with the periodontal parameters. Therefore, we can conclude that RANKL can potentially aid as an adjunctive diagnostic protein in evaluating periodontal disease.

scholarly journals A predict model to evaluate the HbeAg-positive of Chronic Hepatitis B in clinic: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinli Zheng ◽  
Yunfeng Zhu ◽  
Li Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Independent Factor ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Predict Model

Abstract Background: The previous studies showed the correlation between HBsAg and serum HBV DNA levels were weak or missing. Objective：The study aims to investigate the correlation between HBeAg and HBV DNA levels, and to find an alternative tool to evaluate the HBV DNA level for clinicians. Methods: We enrolled 1020 patients in this cross-sectional study. We divided the patients into four groups as: HBeAg positivity and negativity groups, high and low HBV DNA levels groups. Further, as to the levels of HBV DNA, we performed subgroups’ in HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative groups. Results: Results showed that the ALT, ALB and HBeAg are independent factors to estimate the serum HBV DNA in CHB patients. When the level of HBeAg is higher than 16.15 S/CO, predicting the patient with high levels of HBV DNA and 4 folds to have the high levels of HBV DNA than the HBeAg-negativ. The levels of ALT and TB are the independent risk factors in HBeAg-negative group. Conclusion: HBeAg is an independent factor that reflects the levels of serum HBV DNA with a strong correlation, and we draw a predict model to evaluate the HBV DNA levels as: Y1 (high HBV DNA levels) = 1.412 × (1 for HBeAg-positive >16.15 S/CO or 0 for others) + 0.004 × (1 for ALT > 42.5 U/L or 0 for others) −0.029 × (1 for ALB > 25.5 g/L or 0 for others) + 0.779. For the patients with HBeAg(-), we should evaluate by the levels of ALT and TB, and the predict model is:Y2 (low levels of HBV DNA) = 0.385 − 0.005 × (1 for ALT > 36.5 IU/L or 0 for others) − 0.006 × (1 for TB > 11.15 umol/L or 0 for others).

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