scholarly journals Exposure Factors Influence Stone Deterioration by Crystallization of Soluble Salts

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Gil ◽  
Ángeles Mas ◽  
Carlos Lerma ◽  
Jose Vercher
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Conservation And Development ◽  
Stone Material ◽  
Stone Deterioration

The present work tries to determine the factors that influence the crystallization of soluble salts in the stone material used in the construction of buildings in Valencia (Spain). Samples are obtained from a building which has served to accomplish observations and laboratory experiments necessary in order to determine the pathology of deterioration of the material. It was particularized in the exposition conditions of the material as a base for determining the morphologies of deterioration caused by salts in the same lithotype. The main contribution is the petrological study from the architectural point of view considering its orientation, sunlight in façade, and so forth. This study proves that both material petrology (its mineralogy and texture) and the properties related to the movement of water inside rocks play a decisive role in the conservation and development of elements in the alteration.

scholarly journals The Collimated Propagation Causes of Astrophysical and Laboratory Jets

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-487
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Kalashnikov ◽  
A. V. Dodin ◽  
I. V. Il’ichev ◽  
V. I. Krauz ◽  
V. M. Chechetkin
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Drift Chamber ◽  
Young Stars ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Kurchatov Institute ◽  
Environmental Resistance ◽  
Scaling Parameters ◽  
Study Laboratory ◽  
Z Pinch

Abstract The use of Z-pinch facilities makes it possible to carry out well-controlled and diagnosable laboratory experiments to study laboratory jets with scaling parameters close to those of the jets from young stars. This makes it possible to observe processes that are inaccessible to astronomical observations. Such experiments are carried out at the PF-3 facility (“plasma focus,” Kurchatov Institute), in which the emitted plasma emission propagates along the drift chamber through the environment at a distance of one meter. The paper presents the results of experiments with helium, in which a successive release of two ejections was observed. An analysis of these results suggests that after the passage of the first supersonic ejection, a region with a low concentration is formed behind it, the so-called vacuum trace, due to which the subsequent ejection practically does not experience environmental resistance and propagates being collimated. The numerical modeling of the propagation of two ejections presented in the paper confirms this point of view. Using scaling laws and appropriate numerical simulations of astrophysical ejections, it is shown that this effect can also be significant for the jets of young stars.

scholarly journals Cryptic Diversity Hidden within the Leafminer Genus Liriomyza (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Carapelli ◽  
Abir Soltani ◽  
Chiara Leo ◽  
Matteo Vitale ◽  
Moez Amri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Highly Uniform

Leafminer insects of the genus Liriomyza are small flies whose larvae feed on the internal tissue of some of the most important crop plants for the human diet. Several of these pest species are highly uniform from the morphological point of view, meaning molecular data represents the only reliable taxonomic tool useful to define cryptic boundaries. In this study, both mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers have been applied to investigate the population genetics of some Tunisian populations of the polyphagous species Liriomyza cicerina, one of the most important pest of chickpea cultivars in the whole Mediterranean region. Molecular data have been collected on larvae isolated from chickpea, faba bean, and lentil leaves, and used for population genetics, phylogenetics, and species delimitation analyses. Results point toward high differentiation levels between specimens collected on the three different legume crops, which, according to the species delimitation methods, are also sufficient to define incipient species differentiation and cryptic species occurrence, apparently tied up with host choice. Genetic data have also been applied for a phylogenetic comparison among Liriomyza species, further confirming their decisive role in the systematic studies of the genus.

scholarly journals Overlay materials used for increasing lifetime of machine parts working under conditions of intensive abrasion

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Müller ◽  
P. Hrabě
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Optical Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Machine Parts ◽  
Materials Used

We evaluated a degree of the machine part abrasive wear with secondary focus on their hardness. The paper states laboratory results of overlay systems from their wear resistance point of view. Laboratory experiments were carried out by two-body abrasion on bonded abrasive of a P120 granularity. The results proved an increased abrasive wear resistance of martensitic, ledeburitic and stellitic overlays against eleven different original products. The overlay UTP Ledurit 60 reached the optimum values. The GD-OES (Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy) method proved the different chemical composition of the overlay from the stated chemical composition of the overlaying electrode.    

The Role of Criminalistic Classification and Defendants’ Typification in the Formation of Forensic Recommendations for Prosecuting in Court

Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
S. L. Kislenko
Keyword(s):  
Decisive Role ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Public Prosecutor ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
First Case ◽  
Court Proceedings

Systemic characteristics of the doctrine dealing with the person committing a crime predetermine the complexity of the use of information about him or her in the process of criminal prosecution. Systemic information on the behavioral aspects of the person in the process of genesis of criminal and post-criminal activity, as well as its procedural status, will be of great importance in the work of law enforcement agencies as a systematic structure. Criminalistically significant aspects of criminal activity (and behavior) as a systemic holistic structure should be discussed when the decisive role of personal features is determined not only in the mechanism of the criminal act, but also beyond it. The activity of the person that takes place both before the criminal prosecution (criminal aspect) and during the proceedings (post-criminal aspect) should be investigated. Therefore, the identity of the defendant should be considered in the context of such categories as the identity of an offender and the identity of an accused (a suspect). The typification of defendants is necessary In order to improve the effectiveness of the prosecution of offenders in court proceedings. The classification approach allows us to develop targeted recommendations (methods, tactical complexes) to maintain the prosecution. Obtaining and using information about the identity of the defendant implies the need for the public prosecutor to interact with other authorities involved in prosecution process. The author comes to the conclusion that the study of personal and behavioral characteristics of the defendant has important theoretical and practical significance. In the first case, the generalization of such knowledge contributes to the development of criminalistic theory in general and its certain sections in particular. From a practical point of view, accumulation of such knowledge contributes to the formation of targeted criminalistic recommendations used to improve the effectiveness of criminal prosecution of persons who committed crimes within the framework of criminal proceedings.

scholarly journals Development of innovation and investment potential of the industrial sector

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Iryna Anatoliivna Markina ◽  
Serhii Mykolaiovych MARCHYSHYNETS
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
System Development ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Investment Policy ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The main catalyst for effective transformations in the industrial sector of the economy is innovation and investment policy, which aims to increase the potential, namely the capacity of the manufacturing sector of the Ukrainian economy. The innovation and investment potential closely reflect the objectively existing possibility of socio-economic development of the human system. The purpose of the article is to clarify the basic principles and approaches that reflect the innovation and investment potential and the essence of innovation and investment development. Results. The state ideology in the field of innovation and investment policy is considered. A generalization of the concept of “development” of the philosophical point of view is presented. The decisive role of development in understanding the essence of everything is proved. The vector of development in terms of its regressive or progressive manifestation is considered. It is determined that the stages of development are the stages of system change, which include: appearance, upward stage of development, maximal development or maturity, regressive changes or downward stage, disintegration and death. The tendency of differentiation in socio-economic systems is determined. The essence of “becoming” as a stage in the system development is considered. The essence of the system's maturity is revealed. External and internal sources of system development are considered. On the basis of the theoretical generalization, the key properties of the concept of “development” are given: it acts as a form of constant movement forward from simple to complex form; the degree of development is determined by the influence of external and internal factors; the way of development of the system is determined by its basic motives, the degree of recognition by the system of objectively existing reality; development is possible if it’s provided by the quantitative parameters of the end goal; the form of its implementation is cyclical or spiral; analysis of development must be carried out in two directions of research: in the material and spiritual worlds. The definition of “innovation” is given. The essence of scientific and technological progress as a basis of economic development is considered and the vision of leading scientists-economists on this phenomenon is presented. Quantitative estimates of the impact of innovative GDP growth are provided. The quantitative contribution of various factors of economic growth of a market economy is given. Key words: management, enterprise, potential, innovations, investments, innovation and investment develop-ment.

Territorial and Agricultural Resources from the Rural Vrancea Area with Decisive Role in the Development of the Local Economy

2015 ◽  
pp. 161-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Tătaru ◽  
Adrian Nedelcu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
Functional Zoning ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

Vrancea County is a predominantly rural area in which natural components are harmoniously combined in three major relief steps, which require a specific functional zoning from the economy point of view. Given the fact that mineral resources are found in limited quantities, the solution to the economic development of local communities in rural areas is the rational use of land resources and agriculture and zootechnic sector development, to which it can be also added the tourist resources, so as to exceed the subsistence level and to add extra value to the local area. This chapter focuses on the analysis of qualitative and quantitative indicators that reflect the current state of the resources of the land and agricultural background, their evolution over time, but also try to explain as more realistic the current status of the Vrancea motherland in a county and regional context.

Border Surveillance Measures to Tackle and End the Migration Crisis in Hungary

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-176
Author(s):  
József Balla ◽  
László Kui
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Border Crossings ◽  
Basic Task ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Border Surveillance

The protection of Hungary’s external Schengen border is a priority which affects both the security of our country and the whole Schengen Area. Border surveillance is considered safe if it can prevent unlawful acts and proceed against offenders. The implementation of the tasks requires special staff and technical readiness. In the framework of the border protection of our country, it is the Police’s basic task, but in case a state of crisis resulting from mass migration is declared, the Hungarian Defence Forces take part in it. Border surveillance is a constant activity which aims to prevent illegal state border crossings; due to this, its efficiency cannot be measured exclusively based on numerical data. Border surveillance is also effective if it ensures the apprehension of people illegally crossing state borders and if it prevents them from accomplishing that; thus, the ‘physical’ presence itself contributes to the task execution in a manner meeting the requirements. Continuity plays a decisive role from the point of view of border surveillance. Border surveillance shall be considered a component. Thus, the border surveillance system consists of successive system elements which do not go without each other. The border surveillance system is built on border policing strategies, it can be operated based on leadership decisions which shall be in accordance with the border surveillance principles as well. Similarly to the border surveillance system elements, border surveillance principles are those rules which have constant influence/effect on border surveillance/in the field of border surveillance, the practical implementation of which ensures state border surveillance which meets the requirements/is reliable; moreover, it enables the targeted application of the forces and tools available. The operability of the system can only be granted if the principles apply jointly.

Sludge of wastewater treatment plants as Co2+ ions sorbent

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Frišták ◽  
Martin Pipiška ◽  
Miroslav Horník ◽  
Jozef Augustín ◽  
Juraj Lesný
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model

AbstractSludges produced in huge amounts by wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) display high fertility properties; however, the presence of heavy metals restricts their use for agricultural purposes. Sorption capacity of sludge is generally much higher and it can also be considered as a cheap sorbent of heavy metals. The paper describes cobalt sorption by dried activated sludge (DAS) obtained from the aerobic phase of a WWTP. DAS was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) analysis. Sorption capacity of DAS (Q eq) increased with the initial concentration (C 0) of Co2+ (CoCl2) within the range from 100 μmol g−1 to 4000 μmol g−1, reaching 15 μmol g−1 and 200 μmol g−1, respectively. The maximum uptake capacity (Q max) at pH 6.0 calculated from the Langmuir isotherm model was (256 ± 9) μmol g−1 for Co2+ ions. Obtained Q values were dependent on pH within the range from 3.0 to 7.0. Competitive effect of other bivalent cations such as Ni2+ in Co2+ sorption equilibrium was confirmed; which is in agreement with the hypothesis of the decisive role of ion-exchange mechanism in metal sorption. The obtained data are discussed from the point of view of potential utilization of sludges as sorbents, i.e. in non-agricultural application.

scholarly journals Specific aspects of globalization

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Svatoš
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Human Adaptation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Global Problems

The decisive role of globalization processes and development tendencies has many positive and negative effects in economic (foreign-trade), environmental, and (bio) technological areas. From the evolution point of view still very successful human adaptation strategy hit the basic limit given by the capacity of the Earth biosphere. The evolution determinants of human society and their economic or technological activities manifesting themselves by global problems can find way out of sustainable development. The application of the so-called preventive principle represents a great dilemma.

scholarly journals Chemical and physical investigations of historic mortars in St. John’s Church (Cesis, Latvia)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inta Kirilovica ◽  
Margarita Karpe
Keyword(s):  
Visual Observation ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Hydraulic Lime ◽  
Granulometric Analysis ◽  
Stone Material ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Historic Mortars ◽  
The City ◽  
Brick Dust

This paper deals with the stone material investigation of St. John’s Church, located in Cesis, the city in central region of Latvia. Following aspects were considered – chemical, physical and granulometrical characterization of historic mortars, as well as the level of soluble salts in the masonry. The chemical and physical properties of the historical mortars were characterized by visual observation, granulometric analysis, classical wet chemical analysis, XRD, SEM and hydro tests. The results showed that the historic mortars are based on two types of weakly hydraulic lime – calcitic and dolomitic – with brick dust additive. The main crystallized salt in the object was KNO3. The aim of the investigation was to provide compatibility of restoration materials and sustainability of the ancient building.

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