scholarly journals Laboratory Measurement and Interpretation of the Changes of Physical Properties after Heat Treatment in Tight Porous Media

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yili Kang ◽  
Mingjun Chen ◽  
Lijun You ◽  
Xiangchen Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Porous Media ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Tight Gas ◽  
Tight Sandstone ◽  
Structure Generation ◽  
Tight Porous Media

Prevention of water blocking and optimization of multiscale flow channels will increase gas production of tight reservoirs. Physical properties of samples from representative tight gas reservoirs were measured before and after high temperature treatment. Results show that, with the increase of treatment temperature, mass decreases, acoustic transit time increases, and permeability and porosity increase. Permeability begins to increase dramatically if treatment temperature exceeds the threshold value of thermal fracturing, which is 600~700°C, 500~600°C, 300~500°C, and 300~400°C for shale, mudstone, tight sandstone, and tight carbonate rock, respectively. Comprehensive analyses indicate that the mechanisms of heat treatment on tight porous media include evaporation and dehydration of water, change of mineral structure, generation of microfracture, and network connectivity. Meanwhile, field implementation is reviewed and prospected. Interpretations indicate that, according to the characteristics of multiscale mass transfer in tight gas formation, combining heat treatment with conventional stimulation methods can achieve the best stimulation result.

Changes caused by heat treatment in chemical composition and some physical properties of acacia hybrid sapwood

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vu Manh Tuong ◽  
Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Acacia Hybrid

Abstract Acacia hybrid (Acacia mangium×auriculiformis) sapwood was heat-treated in nitrogen under laboratory conditions for 2–6 h at 210°C–230°C. Chemical composition and physical properties including water absorption and swelling were examined. The results showed that these properties were reduced significantly by heat treatment, and there is an interactive effect of temperature and time on them. Chemical changes of the wood surface were determined by X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy analysis. Results indicate that the O/C ratio decreases as a function of treatment intensity due to the migration of extractives and degradation products to the surface during heat treatment. The C1s peaks showed an elevated content of lignin and extractives, whereas the hydroxyl group content was diminished with elevated treatment temperature. The O1s peaks revealed an increase in the O1 peak and confirmed the course of C1s peaks. These results coincide with the decrease in water absorption and swelling of wood after heat treatment.

Effect of Heat-Treatment Temperature on the Osteoconductivity of the Apatite Derived from Bovine Bone

2006 ◽  
Vol 309-311 ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Hoon Rhee ◽  
Ho Nam Park ◽  
Yang Jo Seol ◽  
Chong Pyong Chung ◽  
Sang Hyuk Han
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Zealand White Rabbit ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Carbonate Ions ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Field Emission Electron Microscopy

Effect of heat-treatment temperature on the osteoconductivity of the apatite derived from bovine trabecular bone was investigated. Three different heat-treatment temperatures (600, 800 and 1000 oC) were adopted in the experiment and their effects on the physical properties of apatite granules, which could affect on the osteoconductivity, were evaluated. The content of carbonate ions in the apatite structure was assessed by FT-IR and its crystallinity was evaluated by X-ray diffractometry. The microstructure was assessed by field emission electron microscopy. Apatite granules heat-treated at 600 oC and 1000 oC were implanted into the calvaria of New Zealand White rabbit for 4 weeks, respectively, and the undecalcified ground histologic specimens stained with multiple staining method was observed. As increasing the heat-treatment temperature, the crystal size and crystallinity of the apatite increased while the content of carbonate ions decreased. The apatite granules heat-treated at 600 oC showed much better osteoconductivity comparing to that heat-treated at 1000 oC. The results were explained in terms of the physical properties of apatite which could affect to the osteoconductivity.

Effect of Structure on the Mechanical Properties of PAN-Based Carbon Fibers during Graphitization

2011 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 770-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Xiao ◽  
Yong Gen Lu ◽  
Xian Ying Qin ◽  
Ya Wen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Interlayer Spacing ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Crystallite Sizes

An investigation was conducted to determine the influence of high temperature treatment from 1600°C to 2800°C under stretching stress of 10MPa on PAN-based carbon fiber structure and physical properties. The tensile strength of fibers decreased from 4.5GPa to 2.97GPa with increasing treatment temperature up to 2800°C，while the modulus of fibers increased from 230GPa to 375GPa The texture in the longitudinal surface of fibers through heat treatment was characterized using a scanning electron microscopy. The contours of fiber surface became accidented with gaps becoming deeper as temperature increased. It has been observed that both the crystallite sizes (La, Lc) and the degree of preferred orientation increasd, while the crystallite interlayer spacing (d002) decreased by X-ray diffraction analysis with increasing heat-treatment temperature. The total porosity of fibers decreased from 21.01% to 15.09% and while the density of fibers increased from 1.720g/cm-3to1.886 g/cm-3with increasing heat-treatment. In addition, the relationship between mechanical properties and structure of variants was also explored in detail.

scholarly journals Pore Structure Differentiation between Deltaic and Epicontinental Tight Sandstones of the Upper Paleozoic in the Eastern Linxing Area, Ordos Basin, China

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Jimei Deng ◽  
Huan Zeng ◽  
Peng Wu ◽  
Jia Du ◽  
Jixian Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Tight Gas ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Tight Sandstone ◽  
The North ◽  
Taiyuan Formation ◽  
Diagenetic Evolution

Research on tight gas reservoirs in the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin, China, has recently become a hot spot. This paper mainly studies the reservoir characteristics of tight sandstone in the north-central area close to the provenance in eastern Linxing. Cast thin section, scanning electron microscopy, high-pressure mercury injection, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were applied to discriminate the tight sandstone reservoir differences between the Permian Taiyuan and Shanxi formations in the study area. The results show that the deltaic tight sandstones in the Shanxi Formation are dominated by lithic quartz sandstone and lithic sandstone with an average porosity of 2.3% and permeability of 0.083 mD. The epicontinental tight sandstones in the Taiyuan Formation are mainly lithic sandstone and lithic quartz sandstone, with average porosities and permeabilities of 6.9% and 0.12 mD, respectively. The pore type is dominated by secondary dissolution pores, containing a small number of primary pores, and fractures are not developed. The capillary pressure curves of the Taiyuan Formation sandstone are mainly of low displacement pressure, high mercury saturation, and mercury withdrawal efficiency, while the Shanxi Formation sandstone is mainly of high displacement pressure, low mercury saturation, and withdrawal efficiency. The diagenetic evolution of sandstone in the Shanxi Formation is in meso-diagenesis stage A, and the Taiyuan Formation has entered meso-diagenesis stage B. The siliceous cement in the Taiyuan Formation sandstone enhanced the sandstone resistance to compaction and retained some residual intergranular pores. The pore types in the Shanxi Formation sandstone are all secondary pores, while secondary pores in the Taiyuan Formation sandstone account for approximately 90%. The results can be beneficial for tight gas production in the study area and similar basins.

Effects of Heat Treatment on some Physical Properties of Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga Menziesii) Wood

2011 ◽  
Vol 197-198 ◽  
pp. 90-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Jun Li ◽  
Zhi Yong Cai ◽  
Qun Ying Mou ◽  
Yi Qiang Wu ◽  
Yuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Moisture Performance

In this study the effect of heat treatment on some physical properties of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) was investigated. Wood specimens were subjected to heat treatment at 160, 180, 200 and 220°C for 1, 2, 3 and 4h. The results show that heat treatment resulted in a darkened color, decreased moisture performance and increased dimensional stability of wood. Compared with untreated wood, equilibrium moisture content (EMC), water absorption (WA) and volume swelling (VS) for treated wood decrease up to 42.63%, 34.93% and 67.47%. The higher the treatment temperature and the longer the treatment time, the lower EMC, WA and VS. The VS of treated specimens has a more significant reduction than EMC and WA when the heat treatment temperature is above 180°C. The visual color changes were more distinct after heat treatment above 180°C. Temperature has a greater influence than time on these properties of specimens.

SYSTEMATIC DEFINITION OF COMPLEXITY ASSEMBLY IN FRACTAL POROUS MEDIA

Fractals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (05) ◽  
pp. 2050079 ◽  
Author(s):  
YI JIN ◽  
CHENG WANG ◽  
SHUNXI LIU ◽  
WEIZHE QUAN ◽  
XIAOKUN LIU
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Scale Invariant ◽  
Structure Generation ◽  
Behavioral Complexity ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Multi Phase

Microstructures dominate the physical properties of fractal porous media, which means the clarification of complexity types and their assembly are of fundamental importance for static or dynamic purposes. In this work, we identified fractal porous media to dual-complexity systems composed of stationary and scale-invariant complexities as per fractal topography theory, and proposed an open mathematical framework to characterize complexity assembly in microstructures, realized the original complexity, such as random, multi-phase, and multi-type features by the quartet structure generation set (QSGS) algorithm, and unified the behavioral complexity, including the self-similar and self-affine properties by fractal topography model. For demonstration, the control mechanisms on the microstructures from different complexities are discussed, with their physical implications and relations to the physical properties of porous media clarified in principle. The results indicate that our framework is open to arbitrary original and behavioral complexities, and eases the modeling of multi-scale microstructures and the property estimation significantly.

Production Characteristics Study of Tight Gas Reservoir with Network Fracturing Using Numerical Simulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 1556-1560
Author(s):  
Guang Feng Liu ◽  
Rong Hou ◽  
Shu Sheng Li ◽  
Yan Gao ◽  
Jun Tao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Fracture Network ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Tight Gas ◽  
Stimulated Reservoir Volume ◽  
Production Allocation ◽  
Reservoir Volume ◽  
Tight Gas Reservoir ◽  
Production Characteristics

Differences of physical properties between matrix and fractured region, size of fractured region and production allocation all affect production characteristics and development effect of fractured gas wells. Building a numerical simulation model of fracture network dual porosity, we studied impacts of these factors in contrast of programs of different parameters. Larger stimulated reservoir volume and higher permeability of fracture network result in good well performances but no meaningful increase in gas production when reaching a certain degree. Therefore, optimization suggestions of size and physical properties of stimulated reservoir volume as well as production allocation are proposed.

Use of Raman spectroscopy for determination effective heat treatment of carbon materials in high-temperature furnaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
V. M. Samoilov ◽  
◽  
A. V. Nakhodnova ◽  
M. A. Osmova ◽  
D. B. Verbets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Interval ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Reference Specimens

The aim of this work is to evaluate the use of Raman spectroscopy of carbon fibre-based (CF) reference samples for establishing the heat treatment temperature (HTT) in high-temperature (1000 – 3000 °C) furnaces used in production of a series of carbon materials. Based on obtained correlational relationships between Raman spectroscopy parameters and HTT, the use of the ID/IG parameter is suggested for obtaining the most exact and reproducible results. An experimental basis for the use of polyacrylonitrile-based (PAN) CF as reference specimens is provided. It is shown that for PAN-based CF samples treated in the high temperature interval (1000 – 3000 °С) the ID/IG parameter correlates well with X-Ray diffraction analysis parameters. A series of Raman spectroscopy of reference specimens potential uses the in determination of effective HTT of carbon materials in technological processes of production of carbon-carbon based composite materials, artificial graphites and PAN-based CF’s and in the determination of temperature fields of laboratory and industrial equipment for high-temperature treatment of carbon materials in the temperature interval 1000 – 3000 °C, specifically Tamman, vacuum electric resistance and Acheson furnaces, are examined.

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