scholarly journals Comparative Performance of Hybrid and Elite Inbred Rice Varieties with respect to Their Source-Sink Relationship

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Moinul Haque ◽  
Habibur Rahman Pramanik ◽  
Jiban Krishna Biswas ◽  
K. M. Iftekharuddaula ◽  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Source Sink

Hybrid rice varieties have higher yield potential over inbred varieties. This improvement is not always translated to the grain yield and its physiological causes are still unclear. In order to clarify it, two field experiments were conducted including two popular indica hybrids (BRRI hybrid dhan2 and Heera2) and one elite inbred (BRRI dhan45) rice varieties. Leaf area index, chlorophyll status, and photosynthetic rate of flag leaf, postheading crop growth rate, shoot reserve translocation, source-sink relation and yield, and its attributes of each variety were comprehensively analyzed. Both hybrid varieties outyielded the inbred. However, the hybrids and inbred varieties exhibited statistically identical yield in late planting. Both hybrids accumulated higher amount of biomass before heading and exhibited greater remobilization of assimilates to the grain in early plantings compared to the inbred variety. Filled grain (%) declined significantly at delayed planting in the hybrids compared to elite inbred due to increased temperature impaired-inefficient transport of assimilates. Flag leaf photosynthesis parameters were higher in the hybrid varieties than those of the inbred variety. Results suggest that greater remobilization of shoot reserves to the grain rendered higher yield of hybrid rice varieties.

scholarly journals Physiological Behaviour and Yield Performances of Hybrid Rice at Different Planting Dates in Aus Season

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
MM Haque ◽  
HR Pramanik ◽  
JK Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Leaf Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Activities

Two field experiments were conducted in 2009 and 2010 to evaluate some physiological traits and yield of three hybrid rice varieties (BRRI hybrid dhan2, Heera2, and Tia) in comparison to BRRI dhan48 in Aus season. The experiments involved four planting dates (1 April, 16 April, 1 May and 16 May). Compared to BRRI dhan48, hybrid varieties accumulated greater shoot dry matter at anthesis, higher flag leaf chlorophyll at 2, 9, 16 and 23 days after flowering (DAF), flag leaf photosynthetic rate at 2 DAF and longer panicles. However, hybrid varieties demonstrated smaller remobilization of shoot reserve to grain and photosynthetic rate of its flag leaf at 9 and 16 DAF than BRRI dhan48. Heera2 and BRRI hybrid dhan2 maintained significantly higher chlorophyll a:b ratio over Tia and BRRI dhan48 at 2, 9, 16 and 23 DAF in their flag leaf. Shoot reserve remobilization to grain exhibited higher degree of sensitivity to rising of minimum temperature in the studied hybrids compared to the inbred. Inefficient photosynthetic activities of flag leaf and poor shoot reserve translocation to grain resulted poor grain filling percentage in the test hybrids. Consequently the studied hybrids showed significantly lower grain yield (ca. 36.7%) as compared to inbred BRRI dhan48, irrespective of planting date in Aus season.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v17i1-2.20839Bangladesh Rice j. 2013, 17(1&2): 7-14

scholarly journals Aerobic Rice with or without Strategic Irrigation in the Subtropics

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1831
Author(s):  
Sachesh Silwal ◽  
Surya P. Bhattarai ◽  
David J. Midmore
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Semi Arid

Modern rice varieties adapted to aerobic (dryland) conditions have expanded to new rice growing systems thanks to their plasticity in adapting to rainfed and irrigated conditions. This is important because, as water becomes scarce in paddy rice regions (as it is already in Australia), there will be a move towards tropical to subtropical dryland rainfed rice with attendant problems of drought and low temperature. To assess rice adaptability in the wet season of the semi-arid subtropical conditions of coastal central Queensland, field experiments were established for a late season (in January) planting in 2014 and early season planting in November 2015 with 13 varieties developed by Australian Agriculture Technologies (AAT) Ltd were seeded in a vertisol soil. This was to assess their adaptation to rainfed conditions and their response to strategic irrigation. Water scarcity and low temperature prior to and at flowering were important factors constraining yield. Early flowering varieties in the late season planting escaped the otherwise cold and drought stress during the reproductive stage and had higher yields. In the second year, earlier planting made possible with strategic irrigation avoided the low temperature constraint on yield, but without follow-up strategic irrigation, yields were still low. The average yield of varieties increased from 1.5 times (AAT 4) to 16.3 times (AAT 15) with strategic irrigation compared with rainfed yields averaged across years. The increase in yield with strategic irrigation was associated with a greater leaf area index, spikelet fertility, and instantaneous water use efficiency during flowering. Strategic irrigation concentrated roots in the top 15 cm, but differences in yield between varieties under rainfed conditions were not related to root properties. It is important to consider variations in flowering time, yield potential, and drought patterns when developing rice varieties for rainfed semi-arid tropical conditions, as well as when quantifying the benefits of strategic irrigation.

scholarly journals Genotypic Variation in Nutrient Uptake Requirements of Rice Using the QUEFTS Model

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Tao Sun ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
Sheng Tang ◽  
Kefeng Han ◽  
Ping He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Indica Hybrid Rice ◽  
Validation Experiments

Nutrient requirements for single-season rice using the quantitative evaluation of the fertility of tropical soils (QUEFTS) model in China have been estimated in a previous study, which involved all the rice varieties; however, it is unclear whether a similar result can be obtained for different rice varieties. In this study, data were collected from field experiments conducted from 2016 to 2019 in Zhejiang Province, China. The dataset was separated into two parts: japonica/indica hybrid rice and japonica rice. To produce 1000 kg of grain, 13.5 kg N, 3.6 kg P, and 20.4 kg K were required in the above-ground plant dry matter for japonica/indica hybrid rice, and the corresponding internal efficiencies (IEs) were 74.0 kg grain per kg N, 279.1 kg grain per kg P, and 49.1 kg grain per kg K. For japonica rice, 17.6 kg N, 4.1 kg P, and 23.0 kg K were required to produce 1000 kg of grain, and the corresponding IEs were 56.8 kg grain per kg N, 244.6 kg grain per kg P, and 43.5 kg grain per kg K. Field validation experiments indicated that the QUEFTS model could be used to estimate nutrient uptake of different rice varieties. We suggest that variety should be taken into consideration when estimating nutrient uptake for rice using the QUEFTS model, which would improve this model.

scholarly journals Leaf Removal Affects Maize Morphology and Grain Yield

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangzhou Liu ◽  
Yunshan Yang ◽  
Wanmao Liu ◽  
Xiaoxia Guo ◽  
Jun Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Light Distribution ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Source Sink

Increasing planting density is an important practice associated with increases in maize yield, but densely planted maize can suffer from poor light conditions. In our two-year field experiments, two morphologically different cultivars, ZD958 (less compact) and DH618 (more compact), were planted at 120,000 plants ha−1 and 135,000 plants ha−1, respectively. We established different leaf area index (LAI) treatments by removing leaves three days after silking: (1) control, no leaves removed (D0); (2) the two uppermost leaves removed (D1); (3) the four uppermost leaves removed (D2); (4) the leaves below the third leaf below the ear removed (D3); (5) the leaves of D1 and D3 removed (D4); (6) the leaves of D2 and D3 removed (D5). Optimal leaf removal improved light distribution, increased photosynthetic capacity and the post-silking source-sink ratio, and thus the grain yield, with an average LAI of 5.9 (5.6 and 6.2 for ZD958 and DH618, respectively) for the highest yields in each year. Therefore, less-compact cultivars should have smaller or fewer topmost leaves or leaves below the ear that quickly senesce post-silking, so as to decrease leaf area and thus improve light distribution and photosynthetic capacity in the canopy under dense planting conditions. However, for more compact cultivars, leaves below the ear should senesce quickly after silking to reduce leaf respiration and improve the photosynthetic capacity of the remaining top residual leaves. In future maize cultivation, compact cultivars with optimal post-silking LAI should be adopted when planting densely.

Possibility of Increasing Yield Potential of Rice by Reducing Panicle Height in the Canopy. II. Canopy Photosynthesis and Yield of Isogenic Lines

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
TL Setter ◽  
EA Conocono ◽  
JA Egdane
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Isogenic Line ◽  
Canopy Photosynthesis ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Single Leaf

Reduced panicle height in a rice crop canopy may have beneficial effects of increasing yield potential through reduced shading of leaves leading to greater canopy photosynthesis. Effects of different panicle height in the canopy were evaluated in glasshouse and field experiments using isogenic lines with elongated upper internodes (EUI lines) from two cultivars. Isogenic lines of IR36 and IR50 with elongated upper internodes (IR36EUI and IR50EUI) had panicle heights at the top of the canopy of 96-100% of canopy height, while lines with low panicle heights had panicles which were 74 and 82% of canopy height respectively. Lines with low panicle height had about 10% more of the total leaf area index (LAI) above panicles and this resulted in up to 35% greater light interception by leaves above panicles relative to high panicle height plants. At 5 days before flowering IR36 and IR36EUI had equal canopy photosynthesis, while at flowering, lines had equal shoot nitrogen percentage and LAI. At maturity spikelets per mainstem were not significantly different. At 0, 7, 14 and 21 days after flowering (DAF), IR36, with low panicle height, had 10-30% greater canopy photosynthesis than IR36EUI; greater canopy photosynthesis was observed for IR50 relative to IR50EUI. These beneficial effects of low panicle height on canopy photosynthesis occurred even though the maximum single leaf photosynthesis and respiration rates were similar in both isogenic lines during grain filling. In the field and in a glasshouse experiment where plants were arranged into canopies, IR36, with low panicle heights had 15-40% greater yields than the isogenic line IR36EUI with high panicle heights; greater yields also occurred for IR50 than IR50EUI.

scholarly journals Effect Of Planting Geometry On Growth Of Rice Varieties

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Mahato ◽  
Bishnu Bilas Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Planting Geometry

A field experiment was conducted under humid subtropical agro-climatic condition of Nepal during rainy season of 2014. The experiment was laid out in to two factor Randomized Complete Block Design with  three replications consisting three drought tolerant rice varieties (Sukhadhan-4, Sukhadhan-5 and Radha-4) and four planting geometry (15 cm × 10 cm, 15 cm × 15 cm, 20 cm × 15 cm and 20 cm × 20 cm). The results revealed that the highest plant height and maximum leaf area index was recorded in planting geometry 15 cm × 10 cm in all growth stages. Whereas, planting geometry 20 cm × 15 cm produced the maximum number of tiller m-2 in all growth stage.  While planting geometry 20 cm × 15 cm and 20 cm × 20 cm produced statistically similar crop growth rate and dry matter accumulation in all stage of growth. Regarding the varieties, Sukhadhan- 4 showed highest plant height up to 75 DAT and plant height was statistically similar to Radha - 4 in 60 and 75 DAT. But maximum number of tiller m-2, leaf area index, crop growth rate and dry matter accumulation were recorded in Sukhadhan – 5 varieties. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(4): 423-429

scholarly journals Growth parameters and yield attributing characters of PR-118 (V1) and PR-116 (V2) varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) as influenced by different planting methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 755-762
Author(s):  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
L. K. Dhaliwal
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Planting Method

Field experiments were conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab) to study the effect of different agronomic aspects of bed planting on growth and yield of rice during Kharif seasons of 2012 and 2013. The 30 days old seedlings of both rice varieties PR-118 (V1) and PR-116 (V2) were transplanted on 15th June (D1), 30th June (D2) and 15th July (D3). The two rice varieties were transplanted under bed planting (M1) and conventional planting (M2) methods respectively. The results showed that growth parameters like number of tillers per plant, dry weight per plant leaf area index (LAI) and plant height were significantly higher in bed planting than conventional method. In bed planting method, grain yield of rice (48.82q/h) was found to be more than the conventional method (35.74 q/h) during 2012.Varieties PR-118 yielded 47.61q/h more than PR-116 (39.97 q/h) in bed planting. Yield contributing characters like number of effective tillers, number of grains per plant and 1000-grain weight of rice were more in bed planting than conventional method. Harvest index and biological yield was also found to be more in bed planting method than conventional planting. Rice transplanted on 15th June yielded (50.15q/h) more than 30th June (41.45q/h) and 15th July (35.27q/h). Similar results were found in Kharif 2013. Interaction between dates of transplanting and varieties and between varieties and planting methods were found significant.

Comparative Growth and Development of Red Rice (Oryza sativa) and Rice (O. sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam L. Kwon ◽  
Roy J. Smith ◽  
Ronald E. Talbert
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate

Growth and development of red rice (strawhull) and ‘Lemont’ and ‘Newbonnet’ rice were compared in 1987 and 1988 under noncompetitive field conditions at Stuttgart, AR. Growth and developmental differences were greater between red rice and rice than between rice cultivars. Compared to rice, red rice was taller, produced more culms m−2and aboveground dry weight, had higher leaf area indices, and had a greater flag leaf area. Also, it had lower leaf to stem ratios late in the season, had greater crop growth rate early in the season but less late in the season, and produced a lower grain weight than rice. Compared to Newbonnet, Lemont plants were shorter at 60 d after emergence or later, produced more culms m−2, had a greater leaf area index, and produced higher grain weight than Newbonnet. Also, Lemont and Newbonnet produced comparable leaf to stem ratios, crop growth rates, and flag leaf areas.

Comparison of architecture among different cultivars of hybrid rice using a spatial light model based on 3-D digitising

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bangyou Zheng ◽  
Lijuan Shi ◽  
Yuntao Ma ◽  
Qiyun Deng ◽  
Baoguo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Light Distribution ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Area Index

Modification of plant types (i.e. plant architecture) is an important strategy to enhance the yield potential of crops. The aims of this study were to specify rice plant types using 3-D modelling methodology. The architecture of three typical hybrid rice cultivars were measured in situ in a paddy field using a 3-D digitiser at four development stages from the panicle initiation to the filling stage. The structural parameters of the rice canopies were calculated and their light capture and potential carbon gain were simulated based on a 3-D light model. The results confirmed that a plant type with steeper leaf angles let light penetrate more deeply with relatively uniform light distribution in the canopy at higher sun elevation angles, although this result was related to leaf area index. The variations of plant types, however, did not convert into differences of light distribution across rice varieties at lower sun elevation angles. Light use efficiency at the higher leaf area index could be enhanced by reducing mutual-shading. These results indicate that a promising approach to quantify the rice architecture in situ is to combine 3-D digitising and a 3-D light model to evaluate light interception and photosynthesis of rice plant types.

scholarly journals Influence of Nitrogen on Growth Performance of Hybrid and Inbred Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties in Boro Season

2010 ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
MSU Bhuiya
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
N Application ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Hybrid Variety ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
N Management

Field experiments were conducted during boro season of 2002 and 2003 at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) farm having silty clay loam soil. Hybrid variety Sonarbangla-1 and BRRI hybrid dhan1 and modern inbred variety BRRI dhan29 were used in the experiments. Zero to 160 kg N ha-1 with 40 kg interval and different application schedules, chlorophyll meter based (SPAD35) N application and urea supper granules (USG) @ 80 kg N ha-1 were used as N treatments. During boro 2002, BRRI hybrid dhan1 had 10-15% higher tiller number, leaf area index (LAI) and crop growth rate (CGR) than Sonarbangla-1 and BRRI dhan29. Among the N managements, N9 (USG), N5 (160 kg N ha-1 with basal), N6 (160 kg N ha-1 without basal), and N7 (SPAD based N application with basal) showed 10-15% higher plant height, tiller hill-1, LAI and CGR. During boro 2003, Sonarbangla-1 and BRRI hybrid dhan1 had 10-15% higher plant height, tiller hill-1, LAI and CGR compared to the BRRI dhan29. Among the N management, N9 (USG), N5, N6, N7, N3 (120 kg N ha-1 with basal) and N4 (120 kg N ha-1 without basal) treated plots performed better in terms of growth. The LAI and CGR were reduced by 20-25 % at 60 DAT during 2003 compared to 2002 due to cold and the growth of BRRI dhan29 was restricted much.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document