scholarly journals The Application of Mechanical-Chemical Corrosion Theory in Downhole Tubing CO2Corrosion Research

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peike Zhu ◽  
Wei Yan ◽  
Liyu Deng ◽  
Jingen Deng
Keyword(s):  
Local Stress ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Chemical Corrosion ◽  
Simulating Experiment ◽  
Working Space ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Stress Concentration Effect ◽  
Corrosion Research

Indoor simulating experiment is a main method for oil field CO2corrosion research. Experimental parameters are very important for an accurate simulation. Based on the mechanical-chemical corrosion theory, the external load may be possible to accelerate the corrosion rate. However, the influence of N2pressure on CO2corrosion during the simulating experiment is negligible. Because the coupon stress induced by additional N2pressure is very low, therefore, the N2adding procedure can be cancelled and a more safety working space for researchers will be created. However, it does not mean that mechanical-chemical corrosion influence can be ignored. For downhole tubing, the hoop stress generated from the formation compress or liquid column internal pressure is remarkable; stress effect on corrosion has to be taken into consideration. When pit cavity especially occurred on the internal tubing surface, the stress concentration effect will induce a much higher local stress. Mechanical-chemical corrosion will become significant and more study should be performed on this topic.

Comparison between curvature and 3D strain analysis methods for fracture predicting in the Gachsaran oil field (Iran)

2011 ◽  
Vol 148 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 868-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALI SHABAN ◽  
SHAHRAM SHERKATI ◽  
SEYED ABOLFAZL MIRI
Keyword(s):  
Fractured Reservoirs ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Complex Behaviour ◽  
Production Index ◽  
Index Data ◽  
Curvature Analysis

AbstractMost carbonate fractured reservoirs display complex behaviour in the simulation and production stages of their development, and this complexity is thought to be the result of the different fracture distributions and intensities within the reservoir. Accurate fracture characterization is therefore essential and the two techniques most commonly used for fracture prediction are ‘strain analysis’ and ‘curvature analysis’. In this paper these two methods of fracture analysis are compared by applying them to the Gachsaran oil field in the Zagros folded belt and comparing the predictions of the two with the performance history of the reservoir. This reservoir is well suited for such a study as there is a large quantity of seismic data and over 350 wells have been drilled. Fracture intensity indicator maps have been produced using both methods and the results compared with production index data from the wells. The indicator map produced using the 3D strain analysis method in which special attention was given to the structural setting, structural evolution and the position of the fractures with respect to the local stress orientation, was found to be more compatible with the production index data than the map produced using the method of curvature analysis. In addition, the study also demonstrates that one of the great advantages of strain analysis compared to the curvature method is its ability to predict variations in the vertical direction and thus provide data related to a reservoir volume rather than simply to a surface.

Optimizing Waterflood Management in a Giant UAE Carbonate Oil Field Using Simulation-Based Streamlines

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer A Khan ◽  
Noura Al Zaabi ◽  
Zankar Jani ◽  
Syed M. Tariq ◽  
Aaron Tee
Keyword(s):  
Oil Field ◽  
Simulation Based

Local Stress Effect Due to Operation-Heating-Induced Adhesive Expansion on Transistor Performances in 3D IC

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kino ◽  
H. Hashiguchi ◽  
S. Tanikawa ◽  
Y. Sugawara ◽  
S. Ikegaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Stress ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
3D Ic

scholarly journals The evolution of the concept of stress and the framework of the stress system

Cell Stress ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
Siyu Lu ◽  
Fang Wei ◽  
Guolin Li
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
General Adaptation ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Stressful Stimulus

Stress is a central concept in biology and has now been widely used in psychological, physiological, social, and even environmental fields. However, the concept of stress was cross-utilized to refer to different elements of the stress system including stressful stimulus, stressor, stress response, and stress effect. Here, we summarized the evolution of the concept of stress and the framework of the stress system. We find although the concept of stress is developed from Selye’s “general adaptation syndrome”, it has now expanded and evolved significantly. Stress is now defined as a state of homeostasis being challenged, including both system stress and local stress. A specific stressor may potentially bring about specific local stress, while the intensity of stress beyond a threshold may commonly activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and result in a systematic stress response. The framework of the stress system indicates that stress includes three types: sustress (inadequate stress), eustress (good stress), and distress (bad stress). Both sustress and distress might impair normal physiological functions and even lead to pathological conditions, while eustress might benefit health through hormesis-induced optimization of homeostasis. Therefore, an optimal stress level is essential for building biological shields to guarantee normal life processes.

Dislocation-Crystal Plasticity Simulation Based on Self-Organization for Repartition of Dislocation Cell Structures and Subgrain

2006 ◽  
Vol 503-504 ◽  
pp. 989-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoshi Yamaki ◽  
Yoshiteru Aoyagi ◽  
Kazuyuki Shizawa
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Dislocation Cell ◽  
Reaction Diffusion Equations ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Organization Model ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
A Cell

A self-organization model for repartition of dislocation cell structures and transition of subgrains on a three-stage hardening of single crystal are developed. Stress-effect coefficients models are proposed in order to introduce stress information into the reaction-diffusion equations. A FD simulation for dislocation patterning and a FE one for crystal deformation are simultaneously carried out for an FCC single crystal. It is numerically predicted that a cell structures are repartitioned and the generated dislocation pattern in stage III can be regarded as a subgrain.

scholarly journals Focal mechanism determination of induced microearthquakes in an oil field using full waveforms from shallow and deep seismic networks

Geophysics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. WC87-WC101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junlun Li ◽  
H. Sadi Kuleli ◽  
Haijiang Zhang ◽  
M. Nafi Toksöz
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Waveform Inversion ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Focal Mechanisms ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Stress Regime ◽  
Direction Parallel ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Seismic Networks

A new, relatively high frequency, full waveform matching method was used to study the focal mechanisms of small, local earthquakes induced in an oil field, which are monitored by a sparse near-surface network and a deep borehole network. The determined source properties are helpful for understanding the local stress regime in this field. During the waveform inversion, we maximize both the phase and amplitude matching between the observed and modeled waveforms. We also use the polarities of the first P-wave arrivals and the average S/P amplitude ratios to better constrain the matching. An objective function is constructed to include all four criteria. For different hypocenters and source types, comprehensive synthetic tests showed that our method is robust enough to determine the focal mechanisms under the current array geometries, even when there is considerable velocity inaccuracy. The application to several tens of induced microseismic events showed satisfactory waveform matching between modeled and observed seismograms. Most of the events have a strike direction parallel with the major northeast-southwest faults in the region, and some events trend parallel with the northwest-southeast conjugate faults. The results are consistent with the in situ well breakout measurements and the current knowledge on the stress direction of this region. The source mechanisms of the studied events, together with the hypocenter distribution, indicate that the microearthquakes are caused by the reactivation of preexisting faults. We observed that the faulting mechanism varies with depth, from strike-slip dominance at shallower depth to normal faulting dominance at greater depth.

Solid Solution Effects and Deformation Micros trueture of Shock-Loaded Iron Manganese Alloys

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 420-421
Author(s):  
A. Christou ◽  
J. V. Foltz ◽  
N. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Shock Loading ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Local Stress Concentration ◽  
Bcc Metals ◽  
Manganese Alloys ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Transmission Microscope

In general, all BCC transition metals have been observed to twin under appropriate conditions. At the present time various experimental reports of solid solution effects on BCC metals have been made. Indications are that solid solution effects are important in the formation of twins. The formation of twins in metals and alloys may be explained in terms of dislocation mechanisms. It has been suggested that twins are nucleated by the achievement of local stress-concentration of the order of 15 to 45 times the applied stress. Prietner and Leslie have found that twins in BCC metals are nucleated at intersections of (110) and (112) or (112) and (112) type of planes.In this paper, observations are reported of a transmission microscope study of the iron manganese series under conditions in which twins both were and were not formed. High strain rates produced by shock loading provided the appropriate deformation conditions. The workhardening mechanisms of one alloy (Fe - 7.37 wt% Mn) were studied in detail.

The analysis of “Gels” in polymer films

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 362-363
Author(s):  
G. M. Brown ◽  
D. F. Brown ◽  
J. H. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Melt Index ◽  
Polyethylene Films ◽  
Crosslinked Polymer ◽  
Polymeric Gels ◽  
Mineral Particles ◽  
Polymeric Species ◽  
Special Concern

The term “gel”, in the jargon of the plastics film industry, may refer to any inclusion that produces a visible artifact in a polymeric film. Although they can occur in any plastic product, gels are a principle concern in films where they detract from the cosmetic appearance of the product and may compromise its mechanical strength by acting as local stress concentrators. Many film gels are small spheres or ellipsoids less than one millimeter in diameter whereas other gels are fusiform-shaped and may reach several centimeters in length. The actual composition of gel inclusions may vary from miscellaneous inorganics (i.e. glass and mineral particles) and processing additives to heavily oxidized, charred or crosslinked polymer. The most commonly observed gels contain polymer differing from the bulk of the sample in its melt viscosity, density or molecular weight.Polymeric gels are a special concern in polyethylene films. Over the years and with the examination of a variety of these samples three predominant polymeric species have been observed: density gels which have different crystallinity than the film; melt-index gels in which the molecular weight is different than the film and crosslinked gels which are comprised of crosslinked polyethylene.

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