scholarly journals Capillary Electrophoresis Single-Strand Conformational Polymorphisms as a Method to Differentiate Algal Species

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Jernigan ◽  
Christa Hestekin
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Single Strand ◽  
Nostoc Muscorum ◽  
Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Potential Shifts

Capillary electrophoresis single-strand conformational polymorphism (CE-SSCP) was explored as a fast and inexpensive method to differentiate both prokaryotic (blue-green) and eukaryotic (green and brown) algae. A selection of two blue-green algae (Nostoc muscorumandAnabaena inaequalis), five green algae (Chlorella vulgaris, Oedogonium foveolatum, Mougeotiasp.,Scenedesmus quadricauda, andUlothrix fimbriata), and one brown algae (Ectocarpussp.) were examined and CE-SSCP electropherogram “fingerprints” were compared to each other for two variable regions of either the 16S or 18S rDNA gene. The electropherogram patterns were remarkably stable and consistent for each particular species. The patterns were unique to each species, although some common features were observed between the different types of algae. CE-SSCP could be a useful method for monitoring changes in an algae species over time as potential shifts in species occurred.

Inhibition of Photosystem II-Reactions in Blue-Green Algae by the Antisera to Lutein and Neoxanthin

1977 ◽  
Vol 32 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg H. Schmid ◽  
Helga List ◽  
Alfons Radunz
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Nostoc Muscorum ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Oscillatoria Chalybea ◽  
Electron Donation ◽  
Tetramethyl Benzidine

An antiserum to lutein agglutinates thylakoids of Nostoc muscorum and Oscillatoria chalybea. From this it follows that lutein is located in the outer surface of the thylakoid membrane of these blue-green algae. The same result is obtained for an antiserum to neoxanthin. As neoxanthin is supposed not to occur in blue-green algae it follows that in this case the antibody action should be directed towards a carotenoid with allenic structure. The antisera to lutein and neoxanthin inhibit in both investigated algal species photosynthetic electron transport on the oxygen-evolving side of photosystem II. Moreover, the inhibition sites of both antisera are identical in Nostoc muscorum and are located between the sites of electron donation of the artificial electron donors tetramethyl benzidene and diphenylcarbazide. In the case of the blue-green alga Oscillatoria chalybea the inhibition sites of both antisera differ. Whereas the inhibition site of the antiserum to neoxanthin lies again between the sites of electron donation of tetramethyl benzidine and di­phenylcarbazide, the inhibition site of the antiserum to lutein appears to be situated at least partially beyond the site of electron donation of tetramethyl benzidine. The degree of inhibition of electron transport reactions with Nostoc muscorum is for both antisera 50 - 60 per cent and is pH-dependent. The pH-optimum lies at pH 7.2 for the antiserum to neoxanthin and at 7.8 for the antiserum to lutein. In comparison to this data the same antisera inhibit electron transport in chloroplasts from higher plants only by 20%. This low degree of inhibition in higher plants is apparently due to the fact that the surfaces of the thylakoids are not accessible to antibodies within the grana. In contrast to this the thylakoid surfaces of blue-green algae are fully accessible because the thylakoids are unstacked. The thylakoids of Oscillatoria chalybea have the tendency towards aggregation. Therefore, the results concerning the accessibility of the carotenoids to antibodies are not so clear cut as with Nostoc muscorum.

Chelating agents and blue-green algae

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1311-1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willy Lange
Keyword(s):  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Chelating Agents ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Anacystis Nidulans ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Nostoc Muscorum ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Anabaena Circinalis

Many planktonic blue-green algae produce natural chelators which enable them to grow at high pH's in the absence of artificial chelators. The growth of 10 cyanophytes without an added chelator was found to differ widely with the algal species. Bacteria-containing cultures of Anabaena cylindrica, Anacystis nidulans, Lyngbya sp., Microcystis aeruginosa, Nostoc muscorum, and Phormidium foveolarum produced their own chelators and grew just as well as the controls with artificial chelating agents. Bacteria-containing cultures of Anabaena circinalis, Gloeotrichia echinulata, Oscillatoria rubescens, and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae did not produce chelators and, in the absence of artificial agents, grew poorly or perished early. The alga-produced, extracellular chelators were water-soluble and capable of chelating and controlling metal compounds that would exist in colloidal form at pH's above 7. Accordingly, in the absence of artificial chelators, the non-chelator-forming species grew in the filtrates of the chelator-forming algae the same as in the presence of artificial agents. Bacteria were not involved in the formation of natural chelators, since axenic cultures of Anabaena circinalis, Anacystis nidulans, Microcystis aeruginosa, Nostoc muscorum, and Phormidium foveolarum in the absence of artificial chelators performed about the same as the bacteria-associated species. Also, the filtrates of axenic, chelator-forming Anacystis cultures had the same growth-stimulating effect on non-chelator-forming species as filtrates from bacteria-associated cultures. The natural chelators showed partial thermolability.While the growth of chelator-forming species in the absence of artificial chelators was normal during the logarithmic phase, a peculiar, continuing production of total organic matter was observed with strongly declining cell numbers of Lyngbya, Microcystis, and Phormidium. The terminal cultures of these species were gelatinous, owing to the presence of extracellular matter, probably consisting of polysaccharides.

scholarly journals DELAYED LIGHT ACTION SPECTRA OF SEVERAL ALGAE IN VISIBLE AND ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT

1958 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Ultraviolet Region ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Action Spectra ◽  
Light Production ◽  
Carotenoid Absorption

Action spectra for delayed light production by several algae were determined from 250 to 750 mµ incident light. In the visible portion of the spectrum the action spectra resemble those reported by previous workers for photosynthesis and light emission. Blue-green algae had a maximum at 620 mµ, red algae at 550 mµ, whereas green and brown algae have action spectra corresponding to chlorophyll and carotenoid absorption. In the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum delayed light is emitted by algae down to 250 mµ incident light. The action spectra of the different algae are not alike in the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum. This indicates that pigments other than chlorophyll must be sensitizing or shielding the algae in the ultraviolet region.

Some Aspects of the Ecology of Lake Macquarie, N.S.W., with Regard to an Alleged Depletion of Fish. VI. Plant Communities and their Significance

1959 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 322 ◽  
Author(s):  
EJF Wood
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Bottom Community ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Reef Community ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
Sea Grass

There are four plant communities in Lake Macquarie: the see-grass community, the reef community, the mud bottom community, and the phytoplankton community. Biologically, the sea-grass community is regarded as being the most important. The epiphytes on the sea-grasses are largely used as food by phytophagous fish and other animals. The reef community consists of larger brown algae which are not of themselves of great importance, and of felts of blue-green algae such as Ectocarpus, and other filamentous forms which are important. Photosynthetic organisms are sparse in the mud bottoms, except for the tapetic organisms in the sea. Phytoplankton is relatively abundant.

scholarly journals Toxic or Otherwise Harmful Algae and the Built Environment

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Karl Hofbauer
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Harmful Algae ◽  
Special Group ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Nature Literature

This article gives a comprehensive overview on potentially harmful algae occurring in the built environment. Man-made structures provide diverse habitats where algae can grow, mainly aerophytic in nature. Literature reveals that algae that is potentially harmful to humans do occur in the anthropogenic environment in the air, on surfaces or in water bodies. Algae may negatively affect humans in different ways: they may be toxic, allergenic and pathogenic to humans or attack human structures. Toxin-producing alga are represented in the built environment mainly by blue green algae (Cyanoprokaryota). In special occasions, other toxic algae may also be involved. Green algae (Chlorophyta) found airborne or growing on manmade surfaces may be allergenic whereas Cyanoprokaryota and other forms may not only be toxic but also allergenic. Pathogenicity is found only in a special group of algae, especially in the genus Prototheca. In addition, rare cases with infections due to algae with green chloroplasts are reported. Algal action may be involved in the biodeterioration of buildings and works of art, which is still discussed controversially. Whereas in many cases the disfigurement of surfaces and even the corrosion of materials is encountered, in other cases a protective effect on the materials is reported. A comprehensive list of 79 taxa of potentially harmful, airborne algae supplemented with their counterparts occurring in the built environment, is given. Due to global climate change, it is not unlikely that the built environment will suffer from more and higher amounts of harmful algal species in the future. Therefore, intensified research in composition, ecophysiology and development of algal growth in the built environment is indicated.

Detection of denitrification, by a 15N racer technique, of nitrogen released from azolla and blue-green algae in a flooded soil

Soil Research ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Mian
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Nostoc Muscorum ◽  
Flooded Soil ◽  
Flooded Soils ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Blue Green Algae

Denitrification of nitrogen from applied NH4+ and NO3-, and nitrogen released from Azolla caroliniana, Anabaena variabilis and Nostoc muscorum, was studied in a flooded soil. Denitrification did not occur in Azolla-, Anabaena-, Nostoc- or ammonium sulfate-treated soil, incubated at 18� to 25�C, until after 30 days since time was required to develop a surface-oxidized layer where nitrification could first take place. About 32, 45 and 49% of the total nitrogen in Azolla, Anabaena and Nostoc was released as mineral-N in 60 days, with 96, 93 and 93% respectively of this being lost as N2. Thus potentially serious losses of nitrogen from Azolla and blue-green algae may be avoided if their incorporated residues in flooded soils are left no longer than 3 weeks before planting a rice crop. Denitrification started within 3 days of incubation in the sodium nitrate-treated soil. About 10 and 75% of the ISN applied as ammonium sulfate and sodium nitrate, respectively, was lost as N, in 60 days. In addition, a substantial amount of 15N+4- N was formed from the applied 15NO-3-N (about 9% of the total amount added) in 60 days, indicating that a dissimilatory pathway also existed in this soil.

Two cyanobacterial strains can be distinguished from each other and other eukaryotic algae by spectral absorption method

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1203-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asha U. M. Lokuhewage ◽  
T. Fujino
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Absorption Method ◽  
Spectral Absorption ◽  
Freshwater Algae ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Eukaryotic Algae ◽  
Freshwater Bodies ◽  
Kanto Region

Spectral absorption method based on two step linear regression analyses (TSLR) was applied for detection of two strains of cyanobacterium, Microcystis (blue-green algae) from eukaryotic algae. Both blue-green algae, algae and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were considered from freshwater bodies in Kanto region, Japan. The results show that blue-green species can be detected from other algal species using absorption spectra of water samples. In this study statistical analysis was done by TSLR method, which determined the gradient vectors of single algal species and DOC. We believe that this method might be useful in environmental monitoring of freshwater algae.

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