scholarly journals Fungal Antagonism Assessment of Predatory Species and Producers Metabolites and Their Effectiveness onHaemonchus contortusInfective Larvae

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Eduardo Silva ◽  
Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Pedro Mendoza de Gives ◽  
Jair Millán-Orozco ◽  
Miguel Angel Mercado Uriostegui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Fungal Antagonism

The objective of this study was to assess antagonism of nematophagous fungi and species producers metabolites and their effectiveness onHaemonchus contortusinfective larvae (L3). Assay A assesses the synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effect on the production of spores of fungal isolates of the speciesDuddingtonia flagrans,Clonostachys rosea,Trichoderma esau, andArthrobotrys musiformis; Assay B evaluates in vitro the effect of intercropping of these isolates grown in 2% water-agar (2% WA) on L3ofH. contortus.D. flagrans(Assay A) produced 5.3 × 106spores and associated withT. esau,A. musiformis, orC. roseareduced its production by 60.37, 45.28, and 49.05%, respectively.T. esauproduced 7.9 × 107conidia and associated withD. flagrans,A. musiformis, orC. roseareduced its production by 39.24, 82.27, and 96.96%, respectively.A. musiformisproduced 7.3 × 109spores and associated withD. flagrans,T. esau, orC. roseareduced its production by 99.98, 99.99, and 99.98%, respectively.C. roseaproduced 7.3 × 108conidia and associated withD. flagrans,T. esau, orA. musiformisreduced its production by 95.20, 96.84, and 93.56%, respectively. These results show evidence of antagonism in the production of spores between predators fungi.

scholarly journals Activity in vitro of fungal conidia of Duddingtonia flagrans and Monacrosporium thaumasium on Haemonchus contortus infective larvae

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Silva ◽  
J.V. Araújo ◽  
F.R. Braga ◽  
C.D.F. Alves ◽  
L.N. Frassy
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Baermann Method

AbstractThe objective of this work was to evaluate the predatory activity of the fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) and Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34a) on Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3) in two experimental assays (A and B). In assay A, two treatments and one control were formed and kept for 7 days in Petri dishes with 2% water-agar. Each treatment consisted of 1000 H. contortus L3 and 1000 conidia of only one fungal isolate, and the control group consisted of 1000 L3, without fungus, with 10 repetitions per group. In assay B, 1000 conidia of one of the fungal isolates, AC001 or NF34a, were added to coprocultures made from 20 g of faeces collected from sheep naturally infected with H. contortus. At the end of the experiment, the Baermann method was used to count the non-predated larvae of all Petri dishes from treatment and control groups. In assay A, no difference was observed (P>0.05) between the groups treated with AC001 and NF34a fungi. A difference was observed (P < 0.05) between the treated and control groups. The L3 reduction percentages at the end of the experiment were 87.75 and 85.57%, respectively, for the fungal isolates compared to the control group. In assay B, the reduction percentages for conidia of these isolates were 85.82 and 87.32%, respectively. The results obtained show that D. flagrans (AC001) and M. thaumasium (NF34a) were effective in the in vitro control of sheep H. contortus L3 and could be used in the biological control of this nematode.

The nematode-trapping efficacy of two chlamydospore-forming fungi against Haemonchus contortus in sheep

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. Chauhan ◽  
P.K. Sanyal ◽  
R.B. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Indian Isolates ◽  
Set Up

AbstractAn in vitro study was carried out to determine efficacy of Indian isolates of the nematode-trapping fungi Arthrobotrys musiformis and Duddingtonia flagrans to capture infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus. These fungi have previously been screened and selected for their survival in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep without losing growth and nematode capturing potential. Following the feeding of chlamydospores of these two fungi alone or in combination in sheep experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus, coprocultures were set up to enumerate the infective third stage larvae. The number of larvae captured from faeces of fungus-fed sheep was significantly higher compared with fungus-unfed controls irrespective of the fungus used. The fungal combination produced no antagonistic effect and thus can be used as efficiently as the fungi alone in the biological control of animal parasitic nematodes.

scholarly journals Survey of nematophagous fungi in South Africa : research communication

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.T. Durand ◽  
H.M. Boshoff ◽  
L.M. Michael ◽  
R.C. Krecek
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Research Communication ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Nematode Larvae ◽  
Game Animals

Three hundred and eighty-four samples of leaf litter, soil, faeces from domestic and game animals, compost and aqueous cultures of infective nematode larvae contaminated with unidentified fungi were plated out on water agar, baited with pure infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus, incubated and examined for the presence of nematophagous fungi. Duddingtonia flagrans was isolated from five samples, and 73 samples were positive for other nematophagous fungi.

scholarly journals First report of interaction of nematophagous fungi onLibyostrongylus douglassii (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Jackson Victor Araújo ◽  
Alexandre de Oliveira Tavela ◽  
Vinicius Longo Ribeiro Vilela ◽  
Filippe Elias de Freitas Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agar Medium ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Predatory Capacity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasite

Libyostrongylus douglassii is a gastrointestinal nematode parasite of ostriches that can cause up to 50% mortality in young birds. The objective of this study was to compare the predatory capacity of two isolates of the predatory fungi Duddingtonia flagrans(AC001 and CG722 isolates) and one of Arthrobotrys cladodes (CG719) on infective larvae (L3) of L. douglassii under laboratory conditions, in 2% water-agar medium. The results showed that the fungi tested were effective in preying upon the L3 of L. douglassii (P < 0.05), compared with the control group. However, there was no difference in predatory capacity between the fungi tested (P > 0.05) during the seven days of experimental testing. In comparison with the control, without fungus, there were significant decreases (P < 0.05) of 85.2% (AC001), 81.2% (CG722) and 89.2% (CG719) in the average numbers of L3 of L. douglassii recovered from treatments with the isolates tested. In the present study, the three isolates of the predatory fungi D. flagrans (AC001 and CG722) andA. cladodes (CG719) were efficient at in vitro destruction of the L3 of L. douglassii.

scholarly journals Interaction between the nematophagous fungusDuddingtonia flagransand infective larvae ofHaemonchus contortus(Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea)

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Campos ◽  
J.V. Araújo ◽  
M.P. Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Larval Cuticle ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Dialysis Membranes ◽  
Nematode Cuticle ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe interaction betweenDuddingtonia flagransand infective larvae ofHaemonchus contortuswas studiedin vitrounder optical and scanning electron microscopy. Trap formation by the fungus started 9 hours after inoculation and first larvae were found 11 hours after larval inoculation on colonies grown on the surface of dialysis membranes. Scanning electron micrographs were taken 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after larval predation. Details of predation structures and fungus–larvae interaction are described. A mucilaginous substance occurred at the points of adherence of traps to nematode cuticle. Bacteria were also found at some points of interaction between fungus and larval cuticle. Cuticle penetration by fungus hyphae occurred only 48 h after predation.

scholarly journals In vitro predatory activity of nematophagous fungi isolated from water buffalo feces and from soil in the Mexican southeastern

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Florencia Ojeda-Robertos ◽  
Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino ◽  
Agustín Olmedo-Juárez ◽  
Carlos Luna-Palomera ◽  
Jorge Alonso Peralta-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Water Buffalo ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Arthrobotrys Oligospora ◽  
Predatory Activity ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Petri Dishes

Abstract Nematophagous fungi from the feces of water buffalo and soil from southeastern Mexico were isolated, and their in vitro predatory activity against Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3) (HcL3) was assessed. The fungi were isolated by sprinkling soil or feces on water agar plates. Six series of 10 Petri dishes containing a 7-day-old culture of each fungus and a series without fungi as the control were prepared. Five hundred HcL3 were added to each plate. The plates were incubated at room temperature. The average of recovered HcL3 was considered to estimate the larval reduction rate. Four nematophagous fungi isolates corresponding to Arthrobotrys oligospora, var microspora (strains 4-276, 269 and 50-80) and one identified as A. oligospora,var. oligospora (isolates 48-80) were obtained from water buffalo feces. From the soil, five isolates were isolated; three corresponded to A. musiformis (Bajío, Yumca and Macuspana isolates), and two isolates were identified as A. oligospora (Comalcalco and Jalapa de Méndez isolates). The predatory activity of isolates from water buffalo feces ranged between 85.9 and 100%. Meanwhile, the fungi from the soil ranged between 55.5 and 100% (p≤0.05). The nematophagous fungi obtained could have important implications in the control of parasites of importance in the livestock industry.

scholarly journals Predatory activity of the fungi Duddingtonia flagrans, Monacrosporium thaumasium, Monacrosporium sinense and Arthrobotrys robusta on Angiostrongylus vasorum first-stage larvae

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.R. Braga ◽  
R.O. Carvalho ◽  
J.M. Araujo ◽  
A.R. Silva ◽  
J.V. Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
Predatory Capacity ◽  
And Control

AbstractAngiostrongylus vasorum is a nematode that parasitizes domestic dogs and wild canids. We compared the predatory capacity of isolates from the predatory fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001), Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34), Monacrosporium sinense (SF53) and Arthrobotrys robusta (I31) on first-stage larvae (L1) of A. vasorum under laboratory conditions. L1A. vasorum were plated on 2% water-agar (WA) Petri dishes marked into 4 mm diameter fields with the four grown isolates and a control without fungus. Plates of treated groups contained each 1000 L1A. vasorum and 1000 conidia of the fungal isolates AC001, NF34, SF53 and I31 on 2% WA. Plates of the control group (without fungus) contained only 1000 L1A. vasorum on 2% WA. Ten random fields (4 mm diameter) were examined per plate of treated and control groups, every 24 h for 7 days. Nematophagous fungi were not observed in the control group during the experiment. There was no variation in the predatory capacity among the tested fungal isolates (P>0.05) during the 7 days of the experiment. There was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of 80.3%, 74.5%, 74.2% and 71.8% in the means of A. vasorum L1 recovered from treatments with isolates AC001, NF34, SF53 and I31, respectively, compared to the control without fungi. In this study, the four isolates of predatory fungi were efficient in the in vitro capture and destruction of A. vasorum L1, confirming previous work on the efficiency of nematophagous fungi in the control of nematode parasites of dogs and as a possible alternative method of biological control.

scholarly journals Efficacy ofClonostachys roseaandDuddingtonia flagransin Reducing theHaemonchus contortusInfective Larvae

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Eduardo da Silva ◽  
Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Pedro Mendoza de Gives ◽  
Miguel Angel Mercado Uriostegui ◽  
Manuela Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 1

The biocontrol is proven effective in reducing in vitro and in situ free-living stages of major gastrointestinal helminths, allowing progress in reducing losses by parasitism, maximizing production, and productivity. This study aimed at evaluating the predatory activity of fungal isolates ofDuddingtonia flagransandClonostachys roseaspecies and its association on infective larvae (L3) ofH. contortusin microplots formed by grasses and maintained in a protected environment. All groups were added with 10 mL of an aqueous suspension with 618H. contortusL3approximately. Group 1 was used as control and only received the infective larvae. Groups 2 and 3 receivedD. flagranschlamydospores andC. roseaconidia at doses of 5 × 106. Group 4 received the combination of 5 × 106D. flagranschlamydospores + 5 × 106C. roseaconidia.D. flagransandC. roseashowed nematicidal effectiveness reducing by 91.5 and 88.9%, respectively, the population ofH. contortusL3. However, when used in combination efficiency decreased to 74.5% predation ofH. contortusL3. These results demonstrate the need for further studies to determine the existence of additive effects, synergistic or antagonistic, between these species.

scholarly journals In vitro predatory activity of nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans on infective larvae of Oesophagostomum spp. after passing through gastrointestinal tract of pigs

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1589-1593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastião Rodrigo Ferreira ◽  
Jackson Victor de Araújo ◽  
Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Juliana Milani Araujo ◽  
Fernanda Mara Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Predatory Activity ◽  
Infective Larvae
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