The nematode-trapping efficacy of two chlamydospore-forming fungi against Haemonchus contortus in sheep

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. Chauhan ◽  
P.K. Sanyal ◽  
R.B. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Indian Isolates ◽  
Set Up

AbstractAn in vitro study was carried out to determine efficacy of Indian isolates of the nematode-trapping fungi Arthrobotrys musiformis and Duddingtonia flagrans to capture infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus. These fungi have previously been screened and selected for their survival in the gastrointestinal tract of sheep without losing growth and nematode capturing potential. Following the feeding of chlamydospores of these two fungi alone or in combination in sheep experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus, coprocultures were set up to enumerate the infective third stage larvae. The number of larvae captured from faeces of fungus-fed sheep was significantly higher compared with fungus-unfed controls irrespective of the fungus used. The fungal combination produced no antagonistic effect and thus can be used as efficiently as the fungi alone in the biological control of animal parasitic nematodes.

scholarly journals Fungal Antagonism Assessment of Predatory Species and Producers Metabolites and Their Effectiveness onHaemonchus contortusInfective Larvae

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Eduardo Silva ◽  
Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Pedro Mendoza de Gives ◽  
Jair Millán-Orozco ◽  
Miguel Angel Mercado Uriostegui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Fungal Antagonism

The objective of this study was to assess antagonism of nematophagous fungi and species producers metabolites and their effectiveness onHaemonchus contortusinfective larvae (L3). Assay A assesses the synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effect on the production of spores of fungal isolates of the speciesDuddingtonia flagrans,Clonostachys rosea,Trichoderma esau, andArthrobotrys musiformis; Assay B evaluates in vitro the effect of intercropping of these isolates grown in 2% water-agar (2% WA) on L3ofH. contortus.D. flagrans(Assay A) produced 5.3 × 106spores and associated withT. esau,A. musiformis, orC. roseareduced its production by 60.37, 45.28, and 49.05%, respectively.T. esauproduced 7.9 × 107conidia and associated withD. flagrans,A. musiformis, orC. roseareduced its production by 39.24, 82.27, and 96.96%, respectively.A. musiformisproduced 7.3 × 109spores and associated withD. flagrans,T. esau, orC. roseareduced its production by 99.98, 99.99, and 99.98%, respectively.C. roseaproduced 7.3 × 108conidia and associated withD. flagrans,T. esau, orA. musiformisreduced its production by 95.20, 96.84, and 93.56%, respectively. These results show evidence of antagonism in the production of spores between predators fungi.

In vitro trapping capability of Arthrobotrys spp. on infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus and Nacobbus aberrans

1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mendoza-de Gives ◽  
E. Zavaleta-Mejia ◽  
D. Herrera-Rodriguez ◽  
H. Quiróz-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Arthrobotrys Oligospora ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Nacobbus Aberrans

AbstractThe trapping capability of Arthrobotrys oligospora and A. conoides (Hyphomycetales) against third stage larvae (L3) of Haemonchus contortus (Trichostrongylidae) was evaluated in an in vitro trial. Arthrobotrys oligospora showed a 35.87% and 25.71% trapping effectiveness against H. contortus infective larvae at 18 and 25°C, respectively; whereas the trapping capability of A. conoides was 92.17% and 90.40% at the same temperatures, respectively. Microscopic examination demonstrated that A. conoides spontaneously developed a large quantity of three-dimensional loops before the nematodes were added. Neither of the two species studied developed three-dimensional adhesive loops at 30°C, consequently no trapped nematode was observed. In a second trial, the trapping capability of A. conoides against H. contortus (L3) and second stage larvae (J2) of Nacobbus aberrans (Pratylenchidae), was evaluated at 25°C. The trapping capability shown by A. conoides was higher than 90% for both kinds of nematode. The possible use of A. conoides to control ovine haemonchosis is discussed.

Biological control of Haemonchus contortus infective larvae in ovine faeces by administering an oral suspension of Duddingtonia flagrans chlamydospores to sheep

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mendoza de Gives ◽  
J. Flores Crespo ◽  
D. Herrera Rodriguez ◽  
V. Vazquez Prats ◽  
E. Liebano Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Single Oral Dose ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Oral Suspension ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Mexican Isolate

AbstractA single oral dose of an aqueous suspension containing 11,350,000 chlamydospores of a Mexican isolate of Duddingtonia flagrans (FTHO-8) given to sheep, resulted in a maximum reduction of 88% (range 86.7–90.4%) of the population of Haemonchus contortus infective larvae in the faeces. The effect of this treatment continued for 4–5 days after administration of the suspension. The possible use of this treatment as a method of control of ovine haemonchosis is discussed.

In vitro biological control of bovine parasitic nematodes by Arthrobotrys cladodes, Duddingtonia flagrans and Pochonia chlamydosporia under different temperature conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ítalo Stoupa Vieira ◽  
Isabela de Castro Oliveira ◽  
Artur Kanadani Campos ◽  
Jackson Victor de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Nematophagous Fungi ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Pochonia Chlamydosporia ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Temperature Conditions

Abstract Variations in temperature can affect the development of nematophagous fungi, especially when they are used in the biological control of parasitic nematodes in the pastures where cattle are reared. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of temperature on the performance of nematophagous fungi in the biological control of bovine parasitic nematodes. The mycelial growth, chlamydospore production and nematicidal activity of Duddingtonia flagrans, Arthrobotrys cladodes and Pochonia chlamydosporia were evaluated at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C. The fungal strains achieved mycelial growth, chlamydospore production and nematicidal activity on parasitic nematodes under all temperature conditions tested. The fungi showed higher growth at intermediate temperatures (20, 25 and 30°C) than at the extremes of 15 and 35°C. At 25 and 30°C, D. flagrans realized 96.8 and 94.5% nematicidal activity on bovine parasitic nematodes, respectively. Arthrobotrys cladodes effected nematicidal activity of 85.3 and 83.5%, at 20 and 25°C, respectively. At 20 and 30°C, P. chlamydosporia achieved nematicidal activity of 81.3 and 87.4%, respectively. The maximum chlamydospore production was reached at 20, 25 and 30°C for D. flagrans, at 20 and 25°C for A. cladodes and P. chlamydosporia. The results of this study demonstrated that the tested fungal strains of D. flagrans, A. cladodes and P. chlamydosporia, when used in the biological control of bovine parasitic nematodes, were not limited by in vitro temperature variations. Therefore, the use of these strains of fungi as biological control agents of parasitic nematodes is promising.

The respiratory metabolism of parasitic nematodes

Parasitology ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Potassium Cyanide ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Reserve Material ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Area Basis ◽  
Surface Area Basis

1. Qo2 values for Haemonchus contortus egs varied between − 9·7 and − 12·6 according to the degree of development of the embryos. The r.q. was in the region of 0·6.2. Young infective larvae of Nippostrongylus muris had a high Qo2 (−18·4), which fell as the larvae aged. Third stage Haemonchus contortus larvae gave similar results. The respiration was not affected by exsheathment.3. Adult parasites gave Qo2 values as follows: Ascaridia galli, − 2·5; Nematodirus spp., − 5·1; Nippostrongylus muris, − 6·8; Neoaplectana glaseri, − 12·6. When calculated on a surface area basis, Ascaridia galli had an oxygen uptake which was much higher than that of the other organisms.4. Qco2 values were small. The r.q. of infective larvae, which contain fat as reserve material, was about 0·72. The other forms which contained much glycogen as well as fat had r.q. values between 0·6 and 0·7. A. galli was an exception in that an r.q. of about 0·95 was obtained.5. Potassium cyanide inhibited respiration in all the forms examined.The author is indebted to Dr R. W. Glaser for supplying a strain of Neoaplectana glaseri.

scholarly journals Activity in vitro of fungal conidia of Duddingtonia flagrans and Monacrosporium thaumasium on Haemonchus contortus infective larvae

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Silva ◽  
J.V. Araújo ◽  
F.R. Braga ◽  
C.D.F. Alves ◽  
L.N. Frassy
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Baermann Method

AbstractThe objective of this work was to evaluate the predatory activity of the fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) and Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34a) on Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3) in two experimental assays (A and B). In assay A, two treatments and one control were formed and kept for 7 days in Petri dishes with 2% water-agar. Each treatment consisted of 1000 H. contortus L3 and 1000 conidia of only one fungal isolate, and the control group consisted of 1000 L3, without fungus, with 10 repetitions per group. In assay B, 1000 conidia of one of the fungal isolates, AC001 or NF34a, were added to coprocultures made from 20 g of faeces collected from sheep naturally infected with H. contortus. At the end of the experiment, the Baermann method was used to count the non-predated larvae of all Petri dishes from treatment and control groups. In assay A, no difference was observed (P>0.05) between the groups treated with AC001 and NF34a fungi. A difference was observed (P < 0.05) between the treated and control groups. The L3 reduction percentages at the end of the experiment were 87.75 and 85.57%, respectively, for the fungal isolates compared to the control group. In assay B, the reduction percentages for conidia of these isolates were 85.82 and 87.32%, respectively. The results obtained show that D. flagrans (AC001) and M. thaumasium (NF34a) were effective in the in vitro control of sheep H. contortus L3 and could be used in the biological control of this nematode.

In vitro nematicidal effects of medicinal plants from the Sierra de Huautla, Biosphere Reserve, Morelos, Mexico against Haemonchus contortus infective larvae

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. López-Aroche ◽  
D.O. Salinas-Sánchez ◽  
P. Mendoza de Gives ◽  
M.E. López-Arellano ◽  
E. Liébano-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
The Other ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Third Stage

AbstractTwenty extracts from plants from Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve, Morelos, Mexico were evaluated against Haemonchus contortus infective larvae in an in vitro assay. The plant species evaluated were Bursera copallifera, B. grandifolia, Lippia graveolens, Passiflora mexicana, Prosopis laevigata, Randia echinocarpa and Urtica dioica. The plants were separated into their parts and macerated with different solvents (n-hexane, acetone, ethanol and methanol). An in vitro assay was used to evaluate the anthelmintic activity against unsheathed third stage H. contortus infective larvae. The experiment was carried out in 24-well cell culture plates at room temperature with three replicates per treatment and using a concentration of 20 mg ml− 1. Ten 5 μl aliquots were taken from the corresponding wells and deposited on a slide for microscopical observation at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post-exposure. The evaluation criteria were based on the average numbers of live and/or dead larvae in the different treatments. Alive and dead larval numbers were statistically analysed through the ANOVA test (P>0.01). The Tukey test was used as a complementary tool to determine which treatment was different from the other treatments (P>0.05). The highest mortality was observed with P. laevigata hexanic extract from stem and leaves combined, which produced 51%, 81% and 86% larval mortality at 24, 48 and 72 h post-exposure, respectively. On the other hand, B. copallifera stem acetonic extract exhibited 18%, 59% and 66% nematicidal activity after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure, respectively.

scholarly journals Interaction between the nematophagous fungusDuddingtonia flagransand infective larvae ofHaemonchus contortus(Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea)

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Campos ◽  
J.V. Araújo ◽  
M.P. Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Larval Cuticle ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Dialysis Membranes ◽  
Nematode Cuticle ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe interaction betweenDuddingtonia flagransand infective larvae ofHaemonchus contortuswas studiedin vitrounder optical and scanning electron microscopy. Trap formation by the fungus started 9 hours after inoculation and first larvae were found 11 hours after larval inoculation on colonies grown on the surface of dialysis membranes. Scanning electron micrographs were taken 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after larval predation. Details of predation structures and fungus–larvae interaction are described. A mucilaginous substance occurred at the points of adherence of traps to nematode cuticle. Bacteria were also found at some points of interaction between fungus and larval cuticle. Cuticle penetration by fungus hyphae occurred only 48 h after predation.

Predatory activity of nematophagus fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in infective larvae after gastrointestinal transit: biological control in pasture areas and in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Haline Buss Baiak ◽  
Jennifer Mayara Gasparina ◽  
Letícia Ianke ◽  
Karolini Tenffen de Sousa ◽  
Matheus Deniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Predatory Activity ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Pasture Area

Abstract Biological control is a strategy to decrease parasitic populations, and the action takes place through natural antagonists in the environment. We studied the predatory activity of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans in infective larvae (L3) of gastrointestinal nematodes after gastrointestinal transit. Ten heifers were divided into two groups: treated (animals received pellets containing fungus) and control (animals received pellets without fungus). Twelve hours after administration, faeces samples were collected for in vitro efficacy tests. The animals then remained for 7 h in the experimental pasture area. At the end of this period, 20 faecal pads (ten treated and ten control) were selected at random. Pasture, faecal pad and soil collections occurred with an interval of 7 days, totalling four assessments. In vitro activity demonstrated that fungi effectively preyed on L3, achieving a reduction percentage of 88%. In the faecal pad of the pasture area, there was a difference (P < 0.05) between collections 3 and 4 for both groups; in the treated group a reduction of 65% was obtained, while in the control group there was an increase of 217% in the number of L3. The recovery of L3 in the soil and in the pasture was similar in both groups. There was no influence (P = 0.87) of the passage time on the fungus predatory activity. Duddingtonia flagrans demonstrated the ability to survive gastrointestinal transit in the animals, reducing the number of L3 in the faeces, indicating that this biological control has great potential in the control of worm infections.

In vitro influence of temperature on the biological control activity of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans against Haemonchus contortus in sheep

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Buske ◽  
Janio Morais Santurio ◽  
Clarissa Vasconcelos de Oliveira ◽  
Liziane Aita Bianchini ◽  
José Henrique Souza da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On
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