scholarly journals Bacterial Diversity Associated with the Coccolithophorid AlgaeEmiliania huxleyiandCoccolithus pelagicusf.braarudii

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Green ◽  
Virginia Echavarri-Bravo ◽  
Debra Brennan ◽  
Mark C. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Novel Taxa ◽  
Specific Association ◽  
Coccolithus Pelagicus ◽  
Oceanic Carbon ◽  
The Relationship

Coccolithophores are unicellular calcifying marine phytoplankton that can form large and conspicuous blooms in the oceans and make significant contributions to oceanic carbon cycling and atmospheric CO2regulation. Despite their importance, the bacterial diversity associated with these algae has not been explored for ecological or biotechnological reasons. Bacterial membership ofEmiliania huxleyiandCoccolithus pelagicusf.braarudiicultures was assessed using cultivation and cultivation-independent methods. The communities were species rich compared to other phytoplankton cultures. Community analysis identified specific taxa which cooccur in all cultures (MarinobacterandMarivita). Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were found in all cultures. The presence of Acidobacteria, Acidimicrobidae,Schlegelella, andThermomonaswas unprecedented but were potentially explained by calcification associated with coccolith production. One strain of Acidobacteria was cultivated and is closely related to a marine Acidobacteria isolated from a sponge. From this assessment of the bacterial diversity of coccolithophores, a number of biotechnological opportunities are evident, from bioprospecting for novel taxa such as Acidobacteria to helping understand the relationship between obligate hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria occurrence with phytoplankton and to revealing bacterial taxa that have a specific association with algae and may be suitable candidates as a means to improve the efficiency of mass algal cultivation.

scholarly journals Effects of Dispersants and Biosurfactants on Crude-Oil Biodegradation and Bacterial Community Succession

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1200
Author(s):  
Gareth E. Thomas ◽  
Jan L. Brant ◽  
Pablo Campo ◽  
Dave R. Clark ◽  
Frederic Coulon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation ◽  
Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Response ◽  
Oil Biodegradation ◽  
Interfacial Surface ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Oil Spill Response

This study evaluated the effects of three commercial dispersants (Finasol OSR 52, Slickgone NS, Superdispersant 25) and three biosurfactants (rhamnolipid, trehalolipid, sophorolipid) in crude-oil seawater microcosms. We analysed the crucial early bacterial response (1 and 3 days). In contrast, most analyses miss this key period and instead focus on later time points after oil and dispersant addition. By focusing on the early stage, we show that dispersants and biosurfactants, which reduce the interfacial surface tension of oil and water, significantly increase the abundance of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, and the rate of hydrocarbon biodegradation, within 24 h. A succession of obligate hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (OHCB), driven by metabolite niche partitioning, is demonstrated. Importantly, this succession has revealed how the OHCB Oleispira, hitherto considered to be a psychrophile, can dominate in the early stages of oil-spill response (1 and 3 days), outcompeting all other OHCB, at the relatively high temperature of 16 °C. Additionally, we demonstrate how some dispersants or biosurfactants can select for specific bacterial genera, especially the biosurfactant rhamnolipid, which appears to provide an advantageous compatibility with Pseudomonas, a genus in which some species synthesize rhamnolipid in the presence of hydrocarbons.

Volatile Sulfur Compounds Produced by Methionine Degrading Bacteria and the Relationship to Concrete Corrosion

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 240-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Pohl ◽  
Eberhard Bock ◽  
Marian Rinken ◽  
Mitat Aydin ◽  
Wilfried A. König
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Concrete Corrosion ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Volatile Sulfur

Pseudomonas fluorescens, Proteus vulgaris, and Serratia marcescens, members of the microflora of soil and waste water, attacked methionine in the presence of glucose. The sulfur of methionine was released as methane thiol, dimethyl sulfide and dim ethyl disulfide. The volatile sulfur com pounds were qualitatively and quantitatively investigated by gas chromatography. Dimethyl disulfide was formed of methane thiol by various bacteria to a different extent. Growing in the presence of oxygen, S. marcescens oxidized most of the m ethane thiol to dim ethyl disulfide. In the presence of glucose. P. fluorescens dissimilated m ethionine with production of m ethane thiol and dimethyl disulfide. The dissimilation was stimulated with decreasing glucose concentration

Relationship of wood cell wall ultrastructure to bacterial degradation of wood

IAWA Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 845-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adya P. Singh ◽  
Yoon Soo Kim ◽  
Ramesh R. Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Wood Cell Wall ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Cell Wall Components ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Wall Ultrastructure ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Wall Components

ABSTRACT This review presents information on the relationship of ultrastructure and composition of wood cell walls, in order to understand how wood degrading bacteria utilise cell wall components for their nutrition. A brief outline of the structure and composition of plant cell walls and the degradation patterns associated with bacterial degradation of wood cell walls precedes the description of the relationship of cell wall micro- and ultrastructure to bacterial degradation of the cell wall. The main topics covered are cell wall structure and composition, patterns of cell wall degradation by erosion and tunnelling bacteria, and the relationship of cell wall ultrastructure and composition to wood degradation by erosion and tunnelling bacteria. Finally, pertinent information from select recent studies employing molecular approaches to identify bacteria which can degrade lignin and other wood cell wall components is presented, and prospects for future investigations on wood degrading bacteria are explored.

Tobacco Use and Orofacial Pain: A Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1957-1963
Author(s):  
Abdulwahab H Alamir ◽  
Mir Faeq Ali Quadri
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Orofacial Pain ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
General Body ◽  
Specific Association ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Body Ache

Abstract Introduction The relationship between smoking and general body ache has been shown to be bidirectional. The specific association between tobacco consumption and orofacial pain remains unclear, however. Aim and Methods The aim of this systematic review was to explore the association between pain related to diseases of the oral cavity and use of tobacco. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases was carried out in September 2019. Tobacco exposure was included irrespective of the method of consumption (smokeless and smoked tobacco), and frequency of the habit. The outcome was defined as clinically diagnosed or self-reported pain in the orofacial region, with no limitation in the duration of the condition or the site of the pain. Results Altogether, eight studies were selected, with three of them demonstrating good methodology and none of them being of poor quality. Meta-analysis of six studies showed that orofacial pain was significantly worse in tobacco (smoked and smokeless) users (odds ratio [OR] = 3.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.92, 6.58) in comparison to nonusers. Subgroup analysis showed that the odds of orofacial pain was three times (OR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.16, 8.46) higher among smokers, but was not associated with smokeless tobacco. Conclusions The odds of experiencing orofacial pain among patients with oral diseases increase for patients who are also smokers. The findings could help dentists and other health specialists more effectively manage patients with orofacial pain who are tobacco consumers. Implications This study shows that the odds of orofacial pain among patients with oral diseases increase for patients who are smokers. The results are a significant contribution to the literature because, while the relationship between smoking and general body ache has been shown to be bidirectional, the specific association between tobacco use and orofacial pain warranted further study. The findings could help dentists and other specialists more effectively manage patients with orofacial pain who are also tobacco consumers.

scholarly journals Propionate Converting Anaerobic Microbial Communities Enriched from Distinct Biogeochemical Zones of Aarhus Bay, Denmark under Sulfidogenic and Methanogenic Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derya Ozuolmez ◽  
Alfons J. M. Stams ◽  
Caroline M. Plugge
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Archaeal Community ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Propionate Degradation ◽  
Whole Sediment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sediment Bacterial Community

The relationship between predominant physiological types of prokaryotes in marine sediments and propionate degradation through sulfate reduction, fermentation, and methanogenesis was studied in marine sediments. Propionate conversion was assessed in slurries containing sediment from three different biogeochemical zones of Aarhus Bay, Denmark. Sediment slurries were amended with 0, 3, or 20 mM sulfate and incubated at 25 °C and 10 °C for 514–571 days. Methanogenesis in the sulfate zone and sulfate reduction in the methane zone slurries was observed. Both processes occurred simultaneously in enrichments originating from samples along the whole sediment. Bacterial community analysis revealed the dominance of Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae members in sulfate-amended slurries incubated at 25°C and 10°C. Cryptanaerobacter belonging to the Peptococcaceae family dominated sulfate-free methanogenic slurries at 25°C, whereas bacteria related to Desulfobacteraceae were dominant at 10°C. Archaeal community analysis revealed the prevalence of different genera belonging to Methanomicrobiales in slurries incubated at different temperatures and amended with different sulfate concentrations. Methanosarcinaceae were only detected in the absence of sulfate. In summary, Aarhus Bay sediment zones contain sulfate reducers, syntrophs, and methanogens interacting with each other in the conversion of propionate. Our results indicate that in Aarhus Bay sediments, Cryptanaerobacter degraded propionate in syntrophic association with methanogens.

Bacterial diversity in antibiotic wastewater treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2676-2682 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Han ◽  
L. Y. Wang ◽  
B. Y. Cai
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

The bacterial diversity of an antibiotic industrial wastewater treatment system was analyzed to provide the information required for further optimization of this process and for identification of bacterial strains that perform improved degradation of antibiotic industrial wastewater. The total bacterial DNA of samples collected at three stages (aeration, precipitation, and idle) during the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) of the 16 s rDNA V3 regions. Community analysis was conducted in terms of the richness value (S), the dominance degree and the Shannon–Wiener diversity index (H). Rich bacterial diversity was apparent in the aeration stage of the SBR process, and the number of bands in the aeration stage was more abundant than that in the precipitation and idle stages. The DGGE analysis showed 15 bands, six of which were uncultured bacteria, and included one anaerobic and five aerobic bacteria. The microbial community in the aeration stage was the most complex of the whole SBR process, while the dominant bacteria differed in each reaction stage. These results demonstrate the cyclical dynamic changes in the bacterial population during the SBR process for the treatment of antibiotic industrial wastewater.

Mechanisms of Tri-N-Butyltin Bioaccumulation by Marine Phytoplankton

1989 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Chiles ◽  
Peter D. Pendoley ◽  
Roy B. Laughlin Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Isochrysis Galbana ◽  
Competitive Binding ◽  
Marine Microalgae ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Chaetoceros Gracilis ◽  
Synechococcus Sp ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fold Excess

We examined uptake of tri-n-butyltin (TBT) by three genera of marine microalgae and one genus of cyanobacterium. There was a linear relationship between external concentrations of TBT and cell burdens in the microalgae Nannochloris sp., Chaetoceros gracilis, and the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. (PR-6). The relationship between external TBT concentrations and cell TBT burdens was distinctly nonlinear for Isochrysis galbana. Competitive binding experiments showed a decrease of approximately 88% of the total bound radiolabeled TBT to I. galbana in the presence of a 200-fold excess of unlabeled TBT. No significant decrease of bound TBT was observed for Nannochloris sp. These studies demonstrate that either partitioning or binding may control bioaccumulation of TBT by marine phytoplankton.

Molecular bacterial diversity and distribution in waste from a steel plant

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 996-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulcecleide B. Freitas ◽  
Mariana P. Reis ◽  
Leandro M. Freitas ◽  
Paulo S. Assis ◽  
Edmar Chartone-Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Partial Length ◽  
16S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Novel Taxa

We characterized the bacterial diversity of newly produced steelmaking wastes (NPSW) and steelmaking wastes deposited (SWD) in a restricted land area, generated by the siderurgic industry, using the 16S rDNA clone library approach. A total of 212 partial-length sequences were analyzed, revealing 123 distinct operational taxonomic units (OTUs) determined by the DOTUR program to 97% sequence similarity. Phylogenetic analysis of bacterial 16S rDNA sequences from the NPSW and SWD libraries demonstrated that Gammaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were represented in both libraries. Deltaproteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Deinococcus-thermus, Gemmatimonadetes, and candidate divisions OP10 and OD1 were only present in the SWD library, and Nitrospira was only present in the NPSW library. The abundance of sequences affiliated with Gammaproteobacteria was high in both libraries. Six previously unclassified OTUs may represent novel taxa. Based on diversity indices (Simpson, Shannon–Weaver, Chao1, and ACE), the SWD library had a higher diversity. LIBSHUFF comparisons of the composition of the 2 libraries showed that they were significantly different. These results indicate that the bacterial communities in steelmaking wastes present high phylogenetic diversity and complexity. A possible association between the functional diversity and the bacterial communities’ complexity requires further phenotypic investigation.

PCR-DGGE Analysis of Bacterial Diversity of Intestinal System in Hyperlipidemia Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 898-901
Author(s):  
Ri Na Wu ◽  
Xiao Meng Pang ◽  
Xi Yan Wang ◽  
Jun Rui Wu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Dgge Analysis ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of 16S rRNA gene has been regarded as one of powerful tools for gaining insight into the bacterial diversity of intestinal system. In the present study, hyperlipidemia model was constructed in rat according to the tests of blood lipids. Fecal samples of rats were collected after 60d feeding, and DGGE was used to investigate the diversities of intestinal bacteria in the artificially-induced hyperlipidemia rats and normal rats. The results showed that two patterns had similarities, but there were also some different bacteria communities. Moreover, control group had much more bands than model group on gel, showing species in intestinal of model rats might be deduced by hyperlipidemia. It will be helpful to explore the relationship between hyperlipidemia and intestinal flora.

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