Tobacco Use and Orofacial Pain: A Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1957-1963
Author(s):  
Abdulwahab H Alamir ◽  
Mir Faeq Ali Quadri
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Orofacial Pain ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
General Body ◽  
Specific Association ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Body Ache

Abstract Introduction The relationship between smoking and general body ache has been shown to be bidirectional. The specific association between tobacco consumption and orofacial pain remains unclear, however. Aim and Methods The aim of this systematic review was to explore the association between pain related to diseases of the oral cavity and use of tobacco. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases was carried out in September 2019. Tobacco exposure was included irrespective of the method of consumption (smokeless and smoked tobacco), and frequency of the habit. The outcome was defined as clinically diagnosed or self-reported pain in the orofacial region, with no limitation in the duration of the condition or the site of the pain. Results Altogether, eight studies were selected, with three of them demonstrating good methodology and none of them being of poor quality. Meta-analysis of six studies showed that orofacial pain was significantly worse in tobacco (smoked and smokeless) users (odds ratio [OR] = 3.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.92, 6.58) in comparison to nonusers. Subgroup analysis showed that the odds of orofacial pain was three times (OR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.16, 8.46) higher among smokers, but was not associated with smokeless tobacco. Conclusions The odds of experiencing orofacial pain among patients with oral diseases increase for patients who are also smokers. The findings could help dentists and other health specialists more effectively manage patients with orofacial pain who are tobacco consumers. Implications This study shows that the odds of orofacial pain among patients with oral diseases increase for patients who are smokers. The results are a significant contribution to the literature because, while the relationship between smoking and general body ache has been shown to be bidirectional, the specific association between tobacco use and orofacial pain warranted further study. The findings could help dentists and other specialists more effectively manage patients with orofacial pain who are also tobacco consumers.

scholarly journals Smokeless Tobacco - An Overview

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 248-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Klus ◽  
M Kunze ◽  
S Koenig ◽  
E Poeschl
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Western World ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractSmoking, especially cigarette smoking, is the most common form of tobacco consumption world-wide. It is generally accepted that smoking carries health risks for smokers. The combustion and pyrolysis products of tobacco generated during smoking are considered to be responsible for the harmful effects. Smokeless tobacco, another wide-spread form of tobacco use, is not subjected to burning and produces no combustion or pyrolysis products. Therefore, there is an increasingly intense debate about the potential role of smokeless tobacco in reducing the harm of tobacco use.An overview is presented on the different types of smokeless tobaccos consumed around the world. Commercial products differ widely in composition and patterns of use. The smokeless tobaccos of the Western world (Europe and North America) need to be clearly distinguished from those popular in Asia, Africa and South America. The modern smokeless tobaccos used in Europe and North America are reviewed regarding their chemical composition and toxicological properties. Agents of concern found in smokeless tobacco, especially the tobacco specific N-nitrosamines, are dealt with in particular.The epidemiological evidence is summarized concerning a wide range of health outcomes. Published reviews and studies are presented and interpreted regarding non-neoplastic oral diseases, various forms of cancer, circulatory diseases, several other diseases and pregnancy outcome. While many of the epidemiological studies have weaknesses and data are often inconsistent it is quite obvious that smokeless tobacco use is much less risky for consumers than smoking. In fact, for modern forms of European moist snuff such as Swedish snus, which is subject to strict quality standards, there is evidence for - if any - only very limited serious health risk.The ongoing public discussion centers around the influence smokeless tobacco may have on smoking rates (initiation or cessation) and the occurrence of tobacco specific diseases - with Sweden being a revealing example. There is an interesting controversy regarding product and marketing regulations for smokeless tobaccos in the European Union.

scholarly journals Sub-clinical levels of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder are associated with tobacco consumption in male but not in female smokers

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Douglas ◽  
Sean P. Barrett ◽  
Neil T. Hanley ◽  
Robert O. Pihl
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Threshold ◽  
Inattention And Hyperactivity ◽  
The Relationship

An abudance of evidence has demonstrated an association between symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and tobacco consumption. However, previous research has focused solely on populations meeting full diagnostic criteria for ADHD, despite evidence suggesting that symptoms below diagnostic threshold can be associated with impairment. Furthermore, the role of gender in the relationship between ADHD symptoms and tobacco consumption has not been determined. To examine the relationship between ADHD symptoms, tobacco use, and gender in a non-clinical population, symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity were assessed in 230 undergraduate students (22 male and 45 female smokers, and 66 male and 97 female nonsmokers). Overall, relative to nonsmokers, the smoking subjects reported significantly higher levels of inattention and hyperactivity. In male smokers, both inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms were positively associated with the number of cigarettes smoked daily. This relationship did not hold for female smokers, for whom no association was found between symptoms and nicotine consumption. Findings imply that even sub-clinical levels of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity are related to indices of tobacco use in males, and support previous research suggesting that significant gender differences may exist in tobacco smoking motives. Results also have potential implications for tobacco cessation programs, which may require more individual tailoring.l glutamic pyruvic transaminase is identified in an elderly subject.

The relationship between craving and tobacco use behavior in laboratory studies: A meta-analysis.

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1162-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie C. Gass ◽  
Courtney A. Motschman ◽  
Stephen T. Tiffany
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Use Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Effect of Polymorphisms in XRCC1, CCND1 and GSTM1 and Tobacco Exposure as Risk Modifier for Oral Leukoplakia

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binod Kumar Yadav ◽  
Jatinder Kaur ◽  
Anurag Srivastava ◽  
Ranju Ralhan
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Oral Leukoplakia ◽  
Gstm1 Null Genotype ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Repair Gene ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Dna Repair Gene ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender

Analysis of gene-environment interactions may help to define the risk of oral leukoplakia. We hypothesized that an individual's susceptibility to leukoplakia is dependent on interactions between polymorphic genotypes at susceptible loci and tobacco exposure. To test this hypothesis, the relationship between tobacco use and polymorphisms in 3 genes that might contribute to variance in individuals′ susceptibility to the risk of leukoplakia was determined. In this case-control study, polymorphic genotypes in XRCC1 (399Gln), a DNA repair gene involved in removing DNA adducts, CCND1 (G870A), a key component of cell cycle regulation, and GSTM1 (null genotype), a xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme involved in the metabolism of tobacco carcinogens, were analyzed in 100 oral leukoplakia patients and age- and gender-matched controls by PCR using genomic DNA isolated from blood. The GSTM1 null genotype was associated with a 1.6-fold increased risk of developing leukoplakia. The risk conferred by the CCND1 GA+AA variant was 2.4-fold that of the GG genotype. Importantly, among non-users of tobacco, the XRCC1 (GA+AA) variant emerged as the most significant determinant of an individual's susceptibility to leukoplakia (OR=3.5). In GSTM1 null individuals, tobacco consumption increased the risk of leukoplakia 21.3 fold. Similarly, XRCC1 A allele carriers and CCND1 A allele carriers who consumed tobacco were at a significantly high risk of developing leukoplakia (OR=11.8 and 14.9, respectively). Our study provides evidence that tobacco use in individuals harboring these polymorphic genotypes elevates the risk of oral leukoplakia and warrants further studies on gene-environment interactions to define the risk of malignant transformation of leukoplakia.

scholarly journals Influence of Puerperal Health Literacy on Tobacco Use during Pregnancy among Spanish Women: A Transversal Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Vila-Candel ◽  
Esther Navarro-Illana ◽  
Desirée Mena-Tudela ◽  
Pilar Pérez-Ros ◽  
Enrique Castro-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spanish Women ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Despite the fact that tobacco use during pregnancy produces adverse perinatal effects, some women continue to smoke. Health literacy (HL) is essential for health outcomes in adults. However, little is known about HL in pregnant women or postpartum women. The study aimed to analyse the relationship between the degree of HL of women during the early puerperium and tobacco use during pregnancy. Methods: A multicentre, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out with women in the early puerperium in a region of eastern Spain, between November 2017 and May 2018. Their HL level was obtained using the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) tool. Multivariate logistic models were adjusted to estimate the magnitude of association with tobacco use in pregnancy. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated with a 95% confidence interval. Results: 193 were included in the total. 29.5% (57) of pregnant women smoked tobacco during pregnancy, with a smoking cessation rate of 70.1% (40) while pregnant. 42.0% (81) of pregnant women had inadequate or limited HL. A low level of HL was strongly associated with tobacco use, adjusted by catchment area and age of first pregnancy (LRT p < 0.001; ROC curve = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.64–0.79). Conclusion: A low HL is associated with tobacco consumption during pregnancy. Whether low HL reflects the wide constellation of already-known socioeconomic, political and commercial determinants of tobacco use, or whether incorporating HL support interventions strengthens tobacco cessation activities in pregnancy, warrants further research. Still, it should be considered as essential to understanding the health disparities related to its consumption.

The multilevel effectiveness of entrepreneurial leadership: A meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Qin Lin ◽  
Lingfeng Yi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Entrepreneurial Leadership ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Specific Association ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract The effectiveness of entrepreneurial leadership (EL) at different levels has been widely recognized by scholars who have carried out substantial exploration; however, the empirical studies on the effectiveness of EL are scattered and their results are mixed. This study aims to organize these findings, advance knowledge about the multilevel effectiveness of EL and clarify the heterogeneity in the relationship between EL and effectiveness outcomes. Based on a systematic review of the extant literature and the construction of an integrated framework, this study examines the influence of EL on effectiveness outcomes at multiple levels and the moderators of this relationship through meta-analysis of 35 empirical studies including 35 independent samples. The results show that EL can improve effectiveness outcomes at different levels of organization, team and individual; cultural context obviously moderates this relationship, whereas the moderating effects of enterprise type and EL measure are all not significant. This study helps to determine the specific association of EL with effectiveness outcomes at different levels, and identify important factors influencing this relationship, which broadens the understanding of leadership effectiveness and provides certain value for enterprises to give full play to the role of EL at all levels.

Relationship between total plasma homocysteine and the risk of aneurysms – a meta-analysis

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hanji Zhang ◽  
Dexin Yin ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Yezhou Li ◽  
Dejiang Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Healthy Participants

Summary: Our meta-analysis focused on the relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) level and the incidence of aneurysms and looked at the relationship between smoking, hypertension and aneurysms. A systematic literature search of Pubmed, Web of Science, and Embase databases (up to March 31, 2020) resulted in the identification of 19 studies, including 2,629 aneurysm patients and 6,497 healthy participants. Combined analysis of the included studies showed that number of smoking, hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in aneurysm patients was higher than that in the control groups, and the total plasma Hcy level in aneurysm patients was also higher. These findings suggest that smoking, hypertension and HHcy may be risk factors for the development and progression of aneurysms. Although the heterogeneity of meta-analysis was significant, it was found that the heterogeneity might come from the difference between race and disease species through subgroup analysis. Large-scale randomized controlled studies of single species and single disease species are needed in the future to supplement the accuracy of the results.

A Meta-Analysis of Interviews and Cognitive Ability

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Roth ◽  
Allen I. Huffcutt
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Employment Interviews ◽  
Moderator Analysis ◽  
The Future ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

The topic of what interviews measure has received a great deal of attention over the years. One line of research has investigated the relationship between interviews and the construct of cognitive ability. A previous meta-analysis reported an overall corrected correlation of .40 ( Huffcutt, Roth, & McDaniel, 1996 ). A more recent meta-analysis reported a noticeably lower corrected correlation of .27 ( Berry, Sackett, & Landers, 2007 ). After reviewing both meta-analyses, it appears that the two studies posed different research questions. Further, there were a number of coding judgments in Berry et al. that merit review, and there was no moderator analysis for educational versus employment interviews. As a result, we reanalyzed the work by Berry et al. and found a corrected correlation of .42 for employment interviews (.15 higher than Berry et al., a 56% increase). Further, educational interviews were associated with a corrected correlation of .21, supporting their influence as a moderator. We suggest a better estimate of the correlation between employment interviews and cognitive ability is .42, and this takes us “back to the future” in that the better overall estimate of the employment interviews – cognitive ability relationship is roughly .40. This difference has implications for what is being measured by interviews and their incremental validity.

The Relationship Between Immorality and Cleansing

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jedidiah Siev ◽  
Shelby E. Zuckerman ◽  
Joseph J. Siev
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. In a widely publicized set of studies, participants who were primed to consider unethical events preferred cleansing products more than did those primed with ethical events ( Zhong & Liljenquist, 2006 ). This tendency to respond to moral threat with physical cleansing is known as the Macbeth Effect. Several subsequent efforts, however, did not replicate this relationship. The present manuscript reports the results of a meta-analysis of 15 studies testing this relationship. The weighted mean effect size was small across all studies (g = 0.17, 95% CI [0.04, 0.31]), and nonsignificant across studies conducted in independent laboratories (g = 0.07, 95% CI [−0.04, 0.19]). We conclude that there is little evidence for an overall Macbeth Effect; however, there may be a Macbeth Effect under certain conditions.

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