scholarly journals Early Vocabulary Development in Rural and Urban Mozambique

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Vogt ◽  
J. Douglas Mastin ◽  
Suzanne Aussems
Keyword(s):  
Vocabulary Development ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
Norming Study ◽  
Communicative Development ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Positive Correlations

This paper presents an adaptation of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (short version) into three languages spoken in Southern Mozambique. The tool was adapted to study vocabulary development among children of 12 to 25 months of age in two communities: a rural, monolingual Changana speaking community and an urban bilingual Ronga and Portuguese speaking community. We present a norming study carried out with the adaptation, as well as a validation study. The norming study revealed various predictors for reported expressive and receptive vocabulary size. These predictors include age, socioeconomic status, reported health problems, caregiving practices, and location. The validation of the CDI among a small sample in both communities shows positive correlations between the reported expressive vocabulary scores and children’s recorded word production. We conclude that the adapted CDI is useful for research purposes and could be used as a template for adaptations into other languages from similar cultures.

scholarly journals Infant-directed speech from seven to nineteen months has similar acoustic properties but different functions

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1035-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina KALASHNIKOVA ◽  
Denis BURNHAM
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Vocabulary Development ◽  
Speech Quality ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
Communicative Development ◽  
Three Components

AbstractThis longitudinal study assessed three acoustic components of maternal infant-directed speech (IDS) – pitch, affect, and vowel hyperarticulation – in relation to infants’ age and their expressive vocabulary size. These three individual components were measured in IDS addressed to infants at 7, 9, 11, 15, and 19 months (N = 18). All three components were exaggerated at all ages in mothers’ IDS compared to their adult-directed speech. Importantly, the only significant predictor of infants’ expressive vocabulary size at 15 and 19 months was vowel hyperarticulation, but only at 9 months and beyond, not at 7 months, and not pitch or affect at any age. These results set apart vowel hyperarticulation in IDS to infants as the critical IDS component for vocabulary development. Thus IDS, specifically the degree of vowel hyperarticulation therein, is a vehicle by which parents can provide the most optimal speech quality for their infants’ linguistic and communicative development.

scholarly journals Early Vocabulary Profiles of Young Deaf Children Who Use Cochlear Implants

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1254-1269
Author(s):  
Jongmin Jung ◽  
Jessa Reed ◽  
Laura Wagner ◽  
Julie Stephens ◽  
Andrea D. Warner-Czyz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
Only Children ◽  
Closed Class ◽  
Communicative Development ◽  
The Mean

Purpose This study examined vocabulary profiles in young cochlear implant (CI) recipients and in children with normal hearing (NH) matched on receptive vocabulary size to improve our understanding of young CI recipients' acquisition of word categories (e.g., common nouns or closed-class words). Method We compared receptive and expressive vocabulary profiles between young CI recipients ( n = 48; mean age at activation = 15.61 months, SD = 4.20) and children with NH ( n = 48). The two groups were matched on receptive vocabulary size as measured by the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (Fenson et al., 2006): Words and Gestures form. The CI group had, on average, 8.98 months of hearing experience. The mean chronological age at completing the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories was 23.99 months ( SD = 5.14) for the CI group and 13.72 months ( SD = 1.50) for the NH group. Results The CI group had a larger expressive vocabulary size than the receptive vocabulary size–matched NH group. The larger expressive vocabulary size was associated with the group difference in social words but not with common nouns. The analyses for predicate words and closed-class words included only children who produced the target categories. The CI group had a larger proportion of predicate words than the NH group, but no difference was found in closed-class words in expressive vocabulary. Conclusions Differences found in expressive vocabulary profiles may be affected by spoken vocabulary size and their age. A further examination is warranted using language samples to understand the effect of language input on children's vocabulary profiles.

scholarly journals Infant engagement and early vocabulary development: a naturalistic observation study of Mozambican infants from 1;1 to 2;1

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. DOUGLAS MASTIN ◽  
PAUL VOGT
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Joint Attention ◽  
Vocabulary Development ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Concrete Objects ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Rural Infants ◽  
Natural Settings

AbstractThis study analyzes how others engage rural and urban Mozambican infants during naturalistic observations, and how the proportion of time spent in different engagements relates to infants' language development over the second year of life. Using an extended version of Bakeman and Adamson's (1984) categorization of infant engagement, we investigated to what extent a detailed analysis of infant engagement can contribute to our understanding of vocabulary development in natural settings. In addition, we explored how the different infant engagements relate to vocabulary size, and how these differ between the two communities. Results show that rural infants spend significantly more time in forms of solitary engagement, whereas urban infants spend more time in forms of triadic joint engagement. In regard to correlations with reported productive vocabulary, we find that dyadic persons engagement (i.e. interactions not about concrete objects) has positive correlations with vocabulary measures in both rural and urban communities. In addition, we find that triadic coordinated joint attention has a positive relationship with vocabulary in the urban community, but a contrasting negative correlation with vocabulary in the rural community. These similarities and differences are explained, based upon the parenting beliefs and socialization practices of different prototypical learning environments. Overall, this study concludes that the extended categorization provides a valuable contribution to the analysis of infant engagement and their relation to language acquisition, especially for analyzing naturalistic observations as compared to semi-structured studies. Moreover, with respect to vocabulary development, Mozambican infants appear to benefit strongest from dyadic Persons engagement, while they do not necessarily benefit from joint attention, as tends to be the case for children from industrial, developed communities.

scholarly journals Vocabulary size, translation equivalents, and efficiency in word recognition in very young bilinguals

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 760-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACQUELINE LEGACY ◽  
PASCAL ZESIGER ◽  
MARGARET FRIEND ◽  
DIANE POULIN-DUBOIS
Keyword(s):  
Vocabulary Development ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Word Retrieval ◽  
Parental Report ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
Word Comprehension ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
Communicative Development ◽  
Vocabulary Comprehension ◽  
L1 And L2

ABSTRACTThe present study examined early vocabulary development in fifty-nine French monolingual and fifty French–English bilingual infants (1;4–1;6). Vocabulary comprehension was assessed using both parental report (MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory; CDI) and the Computerized Comprehension Task (CCT). When assessing receptive vocabulary development using parental report, the bilinguals knew more words in their L1 versus their L2. However, young bilinguals were as accurate in L1 as they were in L2 on the CCT, and exhibited no difference in speed of word comprehension across languages. The proportion of translation equivalents in comprehension varied widely within this sample of young bilinguals and was linked to both measures of vocabulary size but not to speed of word retrieval or exposure to L2. Interestingly, the monolinguals outperformed the bilinguals with respect to accuracy but not reaction time in their L1 and L2. These results highlight the importance of using multiple measures to assess early vocabulary development.

Comparing productive vocabulary measures from the CDI and a systematic diary study

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
BYRON F. ROBINSON ◽  
CAROLYN B. MERVIS
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curves ◽  
Diary Study ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Early Language ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
Early Language Development ◽  
Closed Class ◽  
Communicative Development ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Fitting Model

Expressive vocabulary data gathered during a systematic diary study of one male child's early language development are compared to data that would have resulted from longitudinal administration of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories spoken vocabulary checklist (CDI). Comparisons are made for (1) the number of words at monthly intervals (9;10.15 to 2;0.15), (2) proportion of words by lexical class (i.e. noun, predicate, closed class, ‘other’), (3) growth curves. The CDI underestimates the number of words in the diary study, with the underestimation increasing as vocabulary size increases. The proportion of diary study words appearing on the CDI differed as a function of lexical class. Finally, despite the differences in vocabulary size, logistic curves proved to be the best fitting model to characterize vocabulary development as measured by both the diary study and the CDI. Implications for the longitudinal use of the CDI are discussed.

scholarly journals Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Skills and Their Correlates in Mandarin-Speaking Infants with Unrepaired Cleft Lip and/or Palate

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3015
Author(s):  
Si-Wei Ma ◽  
Li Lu ◽  
Ting-Ting Zhang ◽  
Dan-Tong Zhao ◽  
Bin-Ting Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vocabulary Skills ◽  
Communicative Development

Background: Vocabulary skills in infants with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) are related to various factors. They remain underexplored among Mandarin-speaking infants with CL/P. This study identified receptive and expressive vocabulary skills among Mandarin-speaking infants with unrepaired CL/P prior to cleft palate surgery and their associated factors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving patients at the Cleft Lip and Palate Center of the Stomatological Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University between July 2017 and December 2018. The Putonghua Communicative Development Inventories-Short Form (PCDI-SF) was used to assess early vocabulary skills. Results: A total of 134 children aged 9–16 months prior to cleft palate surgery were included in the study. The prevalences of delays in receptive and expressive vocabulary skills were 72.39% (95% CI: 64.00–79.76%) and 85.07% (95% CI: 77.89–90.64%), respectively. Multiple logistic regression identified that children aged 11–13 months (OR = 6.46, 95% CI: 1.76–23.76) and 14–16 months (OR = 24.32, 95% CI: 3.86–153.05), and those with hard/soft cleft palate and soft cleft palate (HSCP/SCP) (OR = 5.63, 95% CI: 1.02–31.01) were more likely to be delayed in receptive vocabulary skills. Conclusions: Delays in vocabulary skills were common among Mandarin-speaking CL/P infants, and age was positively associated with impaired and lagging vocabulary skills. The findings suggest the necessity and importance of early and effective identification of CL/P, and early intervention programs and effective treatment are recommended for Chinese CL/P infants.

A longitudinal study of vocabulary size and composition in low risk preterm children

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Pérez-Pereira ◽  
Raquel Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Vocabulary Development ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
Preterm Children

The vocabulary size and composition of one group of full-term and three groups of low risk preterm children with different gestational ages (GA) were longitudinally compared at 10, 22 and 30 months of age. Expressive vocabulary development was assessed through the CDI. Cognitive development was also assessed at 22 months (Batelle Developmental Inventory), and data concerning biological and environmental characteristics of the children were also obtained. Growth curve analyses indicated that there were no significant differences in vocabulary size or percentage of word categories among GA groups. Regression analyses showed that word production and cognitive scores measured at 22 months were the main predictors of total vocabulary and word categories at 30 months. Gender, maternal education and GA did not contribute in a significant way to the variance of use of the vocabulary categories or vocabulary size. Therefore, GA does not seem to affect vocabulary development and composition when biomedical complications associated to prematurity are excluded.

scholarly journals Effect of Sustained Maternal Responsivity on Later Vocabulary Development in Children With Fragile X Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Brady ◽  
Steven F. Warren ◽  
Kandace Fleming ◽  
Juliana Keller ◽  
Audra Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Vocabulary Development ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Autism Symptoms ◽  
Maternal Responsivity ◽  
Time Period

Purpose This research explored whether sustained maternal responsivity (a parent–child interaction style characterized by warmth, nurturance, and stability as well as specific behaviors, such as contingent positive responses to child initiations) was a significant variable predicting vocabulary development of children with fragile X syndrome through age 9 years. Method Fifty-five mother–child dyads were followed longitudinally when children were between 2 and 10 years of age. Measures of maternal responsivity and child vocabulary were obtained at regular intervals starting at age 2.9 years. Sustained responsivity was indicated by the average responsivity measured over Observations 2–5. Responsivity at the 1st time period, autism symptoms, and cognitive development were used as control variables. Results After controlling for development and autism symptoms, the authors found significant effects for sustained responsivity on receptive vocabulary, expressive vocabulary, and the rate of different words children produced through age 9. Conclusions Maternal responsivity, which is typically a variable of interest during early childhood, continues to be a significant variable, predicting vocabulary development through the middle childhood period. Thus, responsivity is a potential target for language interventions through this age period.

German schools abroad: Hotspots of elite multilingualism?

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E Sander ◽  
Wilfried Admiraal
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Vocabulary Test ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
Multilingual Students ◽  
German School ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Linguistic Backgrounds

While multilingualism itself is a widely analyzed topic, a study about multilingualism at German schools abroad is so far unique. This quantitative study investigates the differences in the size of German expressive and receptive vocabulary between monolingual and multilingual students, aged between 5 and 11 years. A cohort of 65 multilingual students with diverse linguistic backgrounds recruited from a German school abroad in The Hague, The Netherlands, was compared to a group of 880 monolingual students at schools within Germany. To test the children’s vocabulary size, the Wortschatz- und Wortfindungstest für 6- bis 10-Jährige developed by Glück was administered. The study revealed partly significantly lower scores in the expressive vocabulary test for the multilingual students, as hypothesized by the researchers and detected in previous studies examining the difference between populations of multilingual and monolingual speakers of one particular language. In the receptive vocabulary test, the multilingual and monolingual students’ scores did not differ significantly, a result consistent with findings in similar studies.

scholarly journals Maternal responsiveness and directiveness in speech to 2-year-olds: Relationships with children’s concurrent and later vocabulary

2021 ◽  
pp. 014272372110495
Author(s):  
Katariina Rantalainen ◽  
Leila Paavola-Ruotsalainen ◽  
Sari Kunnari
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Maternal Responsiveness ◽  
Expressive Vocabulary ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
Vocabulary Skills ◽  
Future Child ◽  
Maternal Speech ◽  
Directive Speech

This study investigated responsive and directive speech from 60 Finnish mothers to their 2-year-old children, as well as correlations with concurrent and later vocabulary. Possible gender differences with regard to both maternal speech and children’s vocabulary skills were considered. There were no gender differences in maternal utterance frequencies or in maternal utterance types. Girls scored statistically significantly higher in receptive and expressive vocabulary tests at 24, 30 and 36 months. The effect sizes were large. Maternal Other Utterances (fillers like yes, oh, umm) were correlated with children’s concurrent receptive vocabulary. However, there was no relationship between Other Utterances and children’s later vocabulary after controlling for vocabulary size at 24 months. This association may reflect an attempt by mothers to elicit speech from more linguistically advanced children. Furthermore, mothers’ Intrusive Directives towards 2-year-olds correlated negatively with receptive vocabulary at 30 months, particularly for boys. Surprisingly, Intrusive Attentional Directives correlated positively with expressive vocabulary in the group of 30-month-old girls. The results of this study demonstrate relationships between maternal verbal interactional style and both concurrent and future child vocabulary.

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