scholarly journals Intake of Meals Containing High Levels of Carbohydrates or High Levels of Unsaturated Fatty Acids Induces Postprandial Dysmetabolism in Young Overweight/Obese Men

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Adamska ◽  
Lucyna Ostrowska ◽  
Joanna Gościk ◽  
Magdalena Waszczeniuk ◽  
Adam Krętowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Meal Intake ◽  
Group I ◽  
Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia

Postprandial metabolic response depends on the meals’ components and can be different in normal weight and obese people. However, there are some discrepancies between various reports. The aim of this study was to determine the metabolic response after intake of standardised meals with various fat and carbohydrate contents and to determine the differences among normal weight and overweight/obese individuals. The study group comprised 46 healthy men. The participants were divided into two groups and study was carried out using a crossover method. Group I received high- and normal-carbohydrate meals, whereas group II received high-carbohydrate and high-fat meals. Glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and free fatty acids levels were measured at fasting state and at 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after meal intake. Despite the lack of differences in glucose levels, insulin levels were higher among overweight/obese individuals after each meal. TG and FFA levels were higher after normal-carbohydrate and high-fat meals. Moreover, in overweight/obese young men after high-fat meal intake postprandial hypertriglyceridemia was observed, even if meals contained predominantly unsaturated fatty acids, and fasting triglycerides levels were in normal range. The conducted study showed that postprandial metabolic response depends not only on the meal macronutrient content but also on the current body mass index (BMI).

scholarly journals The Differences in Postprandial Serum Concentrations of Peptides That Regulate Satiety/Hunger and Metabolism after Various Meal Intake, in Men with Normal vs. Excessive BMI

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Adamska-Patruno ◽  
Lucyna Ostrowska ◽  
Joanna Goscik ◽  
Joanna Fiedorczuk ◽  
Monika Moroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Obese People ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Meal Intake ◽  
Total Ghrelin ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
Challenge Tests

The energy balance regulation may differ in lean and obese people. The purposes of our study were to evaluate the hormonal response to meals with varying macronutrient content, and the differences depending on body weight. Methods. The crossover study included 46 men, 21–58 years old, normal-weight and overweight/obese. Every subject participated in two meal-challenge-tests with high-carbohydrate (HC), and normo-carbohydrate (NC) or high-fat (HF) meals. Fasting and postprandial blood was collected for a further 240 min, to determine adiponectin, leptin and total ghrelin concentrations. Results. In normal-weight individuals after HC-meal we observed at 60min higher adiponectin concentrations (12,554 ± 1531 vs. 8691 ± 1070 ng/mL, p = 0.01) and significantly (p < 0.05) lower total ghrelin concentrations during the first 120 min, than after HF-meal intake. Fasting and postprandial leptin levels were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in overweigh/obese men. Leptin concentrations in normal-weight men were higher (2.72 ± 0.8 vs. 1.56 ± 0.4 ng/mL, p = 0.01) 180 min after HC-meal than after NC-meal intake. Conclusions. Our results suggest that in normal-body weight men we can expect more beneficial leptin, adiponectin, and total ghrelin response after HC-meal intake, whereas, in overweight/obese men, the HC-meal intake may exacerbate the feeling of hunger, and satiety may be induced more by meals with lower carbohydrate content.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary fat quantity and composition on fasting and postprandial levels of coagulation factor VII and serum choline-containing phospholipids

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Schou Lindman ◽  
Hanne Müller ◽  
Ingebjørg Seljeflot ◽  
Hans Prydz ◽  
Marit Veierød ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Coagulation Factor Vii ◽  
Low Fat Diet

Dietary fat influences plasma levels of coagulation factor VII (FVII) and serum phospholipids (PL). It is, however, unknown if the fat-mediated changes in FVII are linked to PL. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary fat on fasting and postprandial levels of activated FVII (FVIIa), FVII coagulant activity (FVIIc), FVII protein (FVIIag) and choline-containing PL (PC). In a randomized single-blinded crossover-designed study a high-fat diet (HSAFA), a low-fat diet (LSAFA), both rich in saturated fatty acids, and a high-fat diet rich in unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) were consumed for 3 weeks. Twenty-five healthy females, in which postprandial responses were studied in a subset of twelve, were included. The HSAFA diet resulted in higher levels of fasting FVIIa and PC compared with the LSAFA and the HUFA diets (all comparisonsP≤0·01). The fasting PC levels after the LSAFA diet were also higher than after the HUFA diet (P<0·001). Postprandial levels of FVIIa and PC were highest on the HSAFA diet and different from LSAFA and HUFA (all comparisonsP≤0·05). Postprandial FVIIa was higher on the HUFA compared with the LSAFA diet (P<0·03), whereas the HUFA diet resulted in lower postprandial levels of PC than the LSAFA diet (P<0·001). Significant correlations between fasting levels of PC and FVIIc were found on all diets, whereas FVIIag was correlated to PC on the HSAFA and HUFA diet. The present results indicate that dietary fat, both quality and quantity, influences fasting and postprandial levels of FVIIa and PC. Although significant associations between fasting FVII and PC levels were found, our results do not support the assumption that postprandial FVII activation is linked to serum PC.

Altered adipose tissue metabolism in offspring of dietary obese rat dams

2011 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nassira Batoul Benkalfat ◽  
Hafida Merzouk ◽  
Samira Bouanane ◽  
Sid-Ahmed Merzouk ◽  
Jérôme Bellenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cafeteria Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Maternal Overnutrition ◽  
The Impact

To investigate further the mechanisms of developmental programming, we analysed the effects of maternal overnutrition and of postnatal high-fat feeding on adipose tissue metabolism in the offspring. Postnatal changes in serum adiponectin, leptin and TAG [triacylglycerol (triglyceride)] levels, adipose tissue TAGs, fatty acids and enzyme activities were determined in offspring of cafeteria-diet-fed dams during gestation and lactation, weaned on to standard chow or on to cafeteria diet. Obese rats showed higher adiposity (+35% to 85%) as well as a significant increase in serum glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin and TAG levels (P<0.01) and adipose tissue LPL (lipoprotein lipase) and GPDH (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) activities (P<0.01), compared with control pups at weaning (day 21) and at adulthood (day 90). Adipose HSL (hormone-sensitive lipase) activity was increased only at day 90 (P<0.05), and FAS (fatty acid synthase) activity remained unchanged. The proportions of SFAs (saturated fatty acids) and MUFAs (mono-unsaturated fatty acids) and the Δ9-desaturation index were significantly increased (P<0.05), whereas PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) were decreased (P<0.01) in serum and adipose TAGs of obese pups compared with controls. The cafeteria diet at weaning induced more severe abnormalities in obese rats. In conclusion, maternal overnutrition induced permanent changes in adipose tissue metabolism of the offspring. These pre-existing alterations in offspring were worsened under a high-fat diet from weaning to adulthood. Consequently, adipose adipokines and enzymes could provide a potential therapeutic target, and new investigations in this field could constitute strategies to improve the impact of early-life overnutrition.

Nocturnal free fatty acids are uniquely elevated in the longitudinal development of diet-induced insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (6) ◽  
pp. E1590-E1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella P. Kim ◽  
Karyn J. Catalano ◽  
Isabel R. Hsu ◽  
Jenny D. Chiu ◽  
Joyce M. Richey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Dog Model ◽  
Fat Feeding ◽  
Hypercaloric Diet

Obesity is strongly associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, both primary risk factors for type 2 diabetes. It has been thought that increased fasting free fatty acids (FFA) may be responsible for the development of insulin resistance during obesity, causing an increase in plasma glucose levels, which would then signal for compensatory hyperinsulinemia. But when obesity is induced by fat feeding in the dog model, there is development of insulin resistance and a marked increase in fasting insulin despite constant fasting FFA and glucose. We examined the 24-h plasma profiles of FFA, glucose, and other hormones to observe any potential longitudinal postprandial or nocturnal alterations that could lead to both insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia induced by a high-fat diet in eight normal dogs. We found that after 6 wk of a high-fat, hypercaloric diet, there was development of significant insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia as well as accumulation of both subcutaneous and visceral fat without a change in either fasting glucose or postprandial glucose. Moreover, although there was no change in fasting FFA, there was a highly significant increase in the nocturnal levels of FFA that occurred as a result of fat feeding. Thus enhanced nocturnal FFA, but not glucose, may be responsible for development of insulin resistance and fasting hyperinsulinemia in the fat-fed dog model.

scholarly journals Obesity Paradox in Short-Term Clinical Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mohammad Khalilur Rahman Siddiqui ◽  
Pradip Kumar Karmakar ◽  
Nur Alam ◽  
Md Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Pranob Karmaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Obesity Paradox ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hospital Outcomes ◽  
Group I ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary

Background: The “obesity paradox”, a counterintuitive decrease in morbidity and mortality with increasing body mass index (BMI), has been shown in patients when acute cardiovascular decompensation occurs. However, whether this phenomenon exists in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is not well known. The existence of obesity paradox and its impact on short-term clinical outcomes after PCI have not been thoroughly investigated, especially in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka, in 100 patients who underwent PCI. They were divided in two groups on the basis of BMI of Asian ethnicity: Group I (BMI < 23 kg/m2) and Group II (BMI <23.0 kg/m2). Short-term in-hospital outcomes after PCI were observed and recorded. Results: Acute left ventricular failure (LVF) was found to be statistically significant between groups (p < 0.01) being higher in Group-I. The difference of mean duration of hospital stay (LOS) after PCI was higher in the same group which was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia were found to be the independent predictors for developing adverse in hospital outcome (OR= 1.68 and 1.46; 95% CI = 1.25 – 2.24 and 1.16 – 1.83; p = 0.018 and 0.040, respectively). BMI was inversely associated with in-hospital outcomes after PCI (OR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.91 – 0.98; p = 0.007). Conclusion: The results of the study uphold the phenomenon of the “obesity paradox” following PCI. The underweight and normal weight people are at greater risk to experience short-term in-hospital adverse clinical outcomes than overweight and obese people after PCI. Bangladesh Heart Journal 2021; 36(1): 1-8

scholarly journals Site differences in the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese women

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ph. G. Pittet ◽  
D. Halliday ◽  
P. E. Bateman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Obese Women

1. Adipose tissue samples were obtained by needle biopsy from three subcutaneous sites (thigh, abdomen and upper arm) in twenty-two obese women. The fatty acid composition was determined using gas-liquid chromatography and the results presented relate to eleven component fatty acids.2. The fatty acid composition of adipose tissue obtained from the arm and abdomen was remarkably similar, with the exception of the levels of lauric acid.3. The analyses showed that the majority of the saturated fatty acids were present in smaller proportions whilist the majority of unsaturated fatty acids were present in larger proportions in the thigh than in the two other sites. Highly significant inter-site differences were demonstrated for six of the major fatty acids and also for both the total amounts of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and their ratios.4. No marked differences in the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue from obese subjects were revealed during this study when compared with previously reported results obtained from ‘normal-weight’ subjects.

scholarly journals Soybean Oil-Derived Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acids Enhance Liver Damage in NAFLD Induced by Dietary Cholesterol

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janin Henkel ◽  
Eugenia Alfine ◽  
Juliana Saín ◽  
Korinna Jöhrens ◽  
Daniela Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Impact

While the impact of dietary cholesterol on the progression of atherosclerosis has probably been overestimated, increasing evidence suggests that dietary cholesterol might favor the transition from blunt steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), especially in combination with high fat diets. It is poorly understood how cholesterol alone or in combination with other dietary lipid components contributes to the development of lipotoxicity. The current study demonstrated that liver damage caused by dietary cholesterol in mice was strongly enhanced by a high fat diet containing soybean oil-derived ω6-poly-unsaturated fatty acids (ω6-PUFA), but not by a lard-based high fat diet containing mainly saturated fatty acids. In contrast to the lard-based diet the soybean oil-based diet augmented cholesterol accumulation in hepatocytes, presumably by impairing cholesterol-eliminating pathways. The soybean oil-based diet enhanced cholesterol-induced mitochondrial damage and amplified the ensuing oxidative stress, probably by peroxidation of poly-unsaturated fatty acids. This resulted in hepatocyte death, recruitment of inflammatory cells, and fibrosis, and caused a transition from steatosis to NASH, doubling the NASH activity score. Thus, the recommendation to reduce cholesterol intake, in particular in diets rich in ω6-PUFA, although not necessary to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis, might be sensible for patients suffering from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

scholarly journals Effects of Omega-3 Co-Administered with Therapeutic Dose of lornoxicam on Male Rats' Liver

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Israa A. Majeed ◽  
Nada N. Al-Shawi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Therapeutic Dose ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Group I

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of omega-3 poly unsaturated fatty-acids co-administered with the therapeutic dose of lornoxicam on liver of healthy rats. Twenty-eight adults male rats weighing 180-200g were used in this study and the animals were randomly divided into four groups of seven rats each. Group I: negative control/rats intraperitoneally injected with normal saline in a dose 5ml/kg/day; Group II: rats intraperitoneally injected with lornoxicam at dose 0.7 mg/kg/day; Group III: rats orally-administered omega-3 only at a dose 185mg/kg/day; Group IV: rats co-administered omega-3 (185mg/kg/day) orally and intra-peritoneal injection of lornoxicam (0.7 mg/kg/day). Duration of treatment was 14-day; and at day 15 of the study, the liver of each rat was excised for the preparation of tissue-homogenate to be utilized for the estimation of ALT, AST, TNF-alpha and IL-10. Omega-3 can reduce signs of inflammation through the reduction- of TNF-alpha level and elevation of IL-10 with a significant reduction in ALT enzyme activity level in rats' liver tissue homogenate. In conclusion, Omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty-acids may have a protective effect against hepatocytes inflammation when co-administered with lornoxicam.

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