scholarly journals Development and Mining of a Volatile Organic Compound Database

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azian Azamimi Abdullah ◽  
Md. Altaf-Ul-Amin ◽  
Naoaki Ono ◽  
Tetsuo Sato ◽  
Tadao Sugiura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Boiling Points ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Care Field ◽  
High Vapor ◽  
Compound Database ◽  
Living Organisms

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are small molecules that exhibit high vapor pressure under ambient conditions and have low boiling points. Although VOCs contribute only a small proportion of the total metabolites produced by living organisms, they play an important role in chemical ecology specifically in the biological interactions between organisms and ecosystems. VOCs are also important in the health care field as they are presently used as a biomarker to detect various human diseases. Information on VOCs is scattered in the literature until now; however, there is still no available database describing VOCs and their biological activities. To attain this purpose, we have developed KNApSAcK Metabolite Ecology Database, which contains the information on the relationships between VOCs and their emitting organisms. The KNApSAcK Metabolite Ecology is also linked with the KNApSAcK Core and KNApSAcK Metabolite Activity Database to provide further information on the metabolites and their biological activities. The VOC database can be accessed online.

scholarly journals Integrated Assessment of the Air Quality around the Environs of Dr. Abubakar Sola Saraki Memorial Abattoir, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 241-246
Author(s):  
Victor SHEGUN ◽  
Oluwatuyi . ◽  
Adeola Anthony DADA ◽  
Saheed Adesola OGUNTADE ◽  
John Tolulope SALAMI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Environmental Media ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Routine Basis ◽  
Routine Inspection ◽  
Living Organisms

Environmental media of Dr. Abubakar Sola Saraki memorial abattoir, Akerebiata, Ilorin.The quality of air around the abattoir was assessed for PM2.5, PM10, HCHO and Volatile Organic Compounds. Result revealed that analyzed data were above WHO standards, the increase in the values could be due to burning of animal and pollution from animal waste which has deleterious effect of living organisms and system. It was revealed some these pollutants has relative high and low readings in the day and at dawn respectively which is also applicable to the temperature readings. High temperature is favorable to thermophiles biological activities eveidently shown by the outpour of gases. There could be consideration towards re-siting of the abattoir to a different location. Recommendations were proffered which includes: Reduction of pollutants emitted from the abattoir through sensitization of butchers and meat sellers in the abattoir, Government agencies should swing into action to regulate the level of pollutants released into the environment on routine basis while also empower the EHOs to step up routine inspection of Abattoirs to eliminate foreseeable threats to public health.

Naphthoquinone Derivatives Isolated from Plants: Recent Advances in Biological Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 2019-2035
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Sheikh Ahmadi ◽  
Amir Tajbakhsh ◽  
Milad Iranshahy ◽  
Javad Asili ◽  
Nadine Kretschmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Phase Ii Clinical Trials ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Subject

Naturally occurring naphthoquinones (NQs) comprising highly reactive small molecules are the subject of increasing attention due to their promising biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, apoptosis-inducing activities, and especially anticancer activity. Lapachol, lapachone, and napabucasin belong to the NQs and are in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of many cancers. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and updated overview on the biological activities of several new NQs isolated from different species of plants reported from January 2013 to January 2020, their potential therapeutic applications and their clinical significance.

scholarly journals Functionalization Strategies of PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS Films for Organic Bioelectronics Applications

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Gonzalo E. Fenoy ◽  
Omar Azzaroni ◽  
Wolfgang Knoll ◽  
Waldemar A. Marmisollé
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Organic Semiconductors ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Polymer Synthesis ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Electrophysiological Signals ◽  
Organic Bioelectronics ◽  
Biological Interfaces ◽  
Living Organisms

Organic bioelectronics involves the connection of organic semiconductors with living organisms, organs, tissues, cells, membranes, proteins, and even small molecules. In recent years, this field has received great interest due to the development of all kinds of devices architectures, enabling the detection of several relevant biomarkers, the stimulation and sensing of cells and tissues, and the recording of electrophysiological signals, among others. In this review, we discuss recent functionalization approaches for PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS films with the aim of integrating biomolecules for the fabrication of bioelectronics platforms. As the choice of the strategy is determined by the conducting polymer synthesis method, initially PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS films preparation methods are presented. Later, a wide variety of PEDOT functionalization approaches are discussed, together with bioconjugation techniques to develop efficient organic-biological interfaces. Finally, and by making use of these approaches, the fabrication of different platforms towards organic bioelectronics devices is reviewed.

scholarly journals Biogenic Iodine and Iodine-Containing Metabolites

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0600100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery M Dembitsky
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Marine Area ◽  
The Future ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Living Organisms

This review is intended as a comprehensive survey of iodinated metabolites possessing carbon–iodine covalent bond, which have been obtained from living organisms. Generally thought to be minor components produced by many different organisms these interesting compounds now number more than 110. Many from isolated and identified iodine-containing metabolites showed high biological activities. Recent research, especially in the marine area, indicates this number will increase in the future. Sources of iodinated metabolites include microorganisms, algae, marine invertebrates, and some animals. Their origin and possible biological significance have also been discussed.

scholarly journals CONCENTRATION AND PURIFICATION OF BACTERIOPHAGE

1938 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Northrop
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Pure Substance ◽  
Solubility Curve ◽  
Denatured Protein ◽  
Sedimentation Constant ◽  
Rate Of Sedimentation ◽  
Living Organisms

1. A method for isolating a nucleoprotein from lysed staphylococci culture is described. 2. It is homogeneous in the ultracentrifuge and has a sedimentation constant of 650 x 10–13 cm. dyne–1 sec.–1, corresponding to a molecular weight of about 300,000,000. 3. The diffusion coefficient varies from about 0.001 cm.2/day in solutions containing more than 0.1 mg. protein/ml. to 0.02 in solutions containing less than 0.001 mg. protein/ml. The rate of sedimentation also decreases as the concentration decreases. It is suggested, therefore, that this protein exists in various sized molecules of from 500,000–300,000,000 molecular weight, the proportion of small molecules increasing as the concentration decreases. 4. This protein is very unstable and is denatured by acidity greater than pH 5.0, by temperature over 50°C. for 5 minutes. It is digested by chymo-trypsin but not by trypsin. 5. The loss in activity by heat, acid, and chymo-trypsin digestion is roughly proportional to the amount of denatured protein formed under these conditions. 6. The rate of diffusion of the protein is the same as that of the active agent. 7. The rate of sedimentation of the protein is the same as that of the active agent. 8. The loss in activity when susceptible living or dead bacteria are added to a solution of the protein is proportional to the loss in protein from the solution. Non-susceptible bacteria remove neither protein nor activity. 9. The relative ultraviolet light absorption, as determined directly, agrees with that calculated from Gates' inactivation experiments in the range of 2500–3000 Å. u. but is somewhat greater in the range of 2000–2500 Å. u. 10. Solubility determinations showed that most of the preparations contained at least two proteins, one being probably the denatured form of the other. Two preparations were obtained, however, which had about twice the specific activity of the earlier ones and which gave a solubility curve approximating that of a pure substance. 11. It is suggested that the formation of phage may be more simply explained by analogy with the autocatalytic formation of pepsin and trypsin than by analogy with the far more complicated system of living organisms.

scholarly journals Understanding Cell Interactions Using Modular Nanoparticle Libraries

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina K. Such ◽  
Angus P. R. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Reticuloendothelial System ◽  
Endosomal Escape ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Nanoparticle Delivery ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Nanoparticle Structure ◽  
The Right

Nanoparticle delivery systems have significant potential to facilitate the delivery of novel therapeutics, such as proteins, DNA or small molecules. However, there are multiple biological barriers that need to be overcome to deliver the cargo in an active form. These challenges include evading clearance by the reticuloendothelial system, minimising adverse immune responses, targeting specific cells and tissues, and trafficking into the right compartment of the cell. In this account, we will discuss how nanoparticle structure can be tuned to optimise biological interactions and thus improve the ability of nanoparticles to overcome these barriers. The focus of this article will be on controlling cell targeting and trafficking within a cell, e.g. endosomal escape.

scholarly journals A IMPORTÂNCIA DAS CUMARINAS PARA A QUÍMICA MEDICINAL E O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE COMPOSTOS BIOATIVOS NOS ÚLTIMOS ANOS

Química Nova ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiana Franco ◽  
Thiago Pereira ◽  
Felipe Vitorio ◽  
Nathalia Nadur ◽  
Renata Lacerda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Space ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Non Covalent Interactions ◽  
Iupac Nomenclature ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Coumarin Compounds ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Covalent Interactions

Coumarins are natural products characterized as 2H-chromen-2-one, according to IUPAC nomenclature, largely distributed in plants, as well as, in species of fungi and bacteria. Nowadays, many synthetic procedures allow the discovery of coumarins with expanded chemical space. The ability to exert non-covalent interactions with many enzymes an receptors in living organisms lead the coumarins to exhibit a wide range of biological activities and applications. Then, this manuscript provides an overview of the use of coumarin compounds in medicinal chemistry in treating many diseases. Important examples of the last years have been selected concerning the activities of coumarins as anticoagulant, anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral, antidiabetics, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-neurodegenerative agents. Thus, this work aims at contributing to the development of new rational research projects searching for new treatments and bioactive compounds for many pathologies using coumarin derivatives.

Identification of promising objects for the synthesis of thiosulphonate derivatives of benzoquinone and hydroquinone

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
N. Y. Monka ◽  
◽  
N. E. Stadnytska ◽  
I. R. Buchkevych ◽  
K. O. Kaplia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
On Line ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Derivatives Of

Benzoquinone and its reduced form hydroquinone belong to phenolic compounds and are found in living organisms in free form or in glycosides. They are active substances of some medicinal plants and have a pharmacological effect on the human body. Accordingly, their derivatives are important objects for chemical synthesis and development of new drugs. This article presents the findings of the structural design of substances with benzoquinone or hydroquinone fragment and sulfur-containing compound. By use of appropriate on-line programs a predictive screening of the biological activity and cytotoxicity of thiosulfonate derivatives of benzoquinone and hydroquinone has been conducted. It has been found that they have immense methodological potential to be synthesized by substances with a wide range of biological activities and a high value of probable activity, which substantiates the feasibility of conducting experimental studies on their biological activity, particularly anticancer.

scholarly journals Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds and Antibacterial Activity of the Amazonian Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. Strain GFB01

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 4744
Author(s):  
Samuel Cavalcante do Amaral ◽  
Agenor Valadares Santos ◽  
Maria Paula da Cruz Schneider ◽  
Joyce Kelly Rosário da Silva ◽  
Luciana Pereira Xavier
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Octadecyl Acetate ◽  
Simultaneous Distillation Extraction ◽  
High Vapor ◽  
Synechococcus Sp

Cyanobacteria exhibit great biotechnological potential due to their capacity to produce compounds with various applicability. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) possess low molecular weight and high vapor pressure. Many volatiles produced by microorganisms have biotechnological potential, including antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to investigate the VOCs synthesized by cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain GFB01, and the influence of nitrate and phosphate on its antibacterial potential. The strain was isolated from the surface of the freshwater lagoon Lagoa dos Índios, Amapá state, in Northern Brazil. After cultivation, the VOCs were extracted by a simultaneous distillation-extraction process, using a Likens-Nickerson apparatus (2 h), and then identified by GC-MS. The extracts did not display inhibitory activity against the Gram-positive bacteria tested by the disk-diffusion agar method. However, the anti-Salmonella property in both extracts (methanol and aqueous) was detected. The main VOCs identified were heptadecane (81.32%) and octadecyl acetate (11.71%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of VOCs emitted by a cyanobacterium from the Amazon that reports the occurrence of 6-pentadecanol and octadecyl acetate in cyanobacteria.

scholarly journals Facile N-functionalization and strong magnetic communication in a diuranium(v) bis-nitride complex

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3543-3555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Barluzzi ◽  
Lucile Chatelain ◽  
Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani ◽  
Ivica Zivkovic ◽  
Marinella Mazzanti
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Antiferromagnetic Coupling ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
C And N

A diuranium(v) bis-nitride complex supported by siloxide ligands displays remarkable reactivity in ambient conditions with small molecules such as CS2, CO2, CO and H2 resulting in N–C and N–H bond formation. The nitride linker also leads to an unusually strong antiferromagnetic coupling between uranium(v) ions.

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