scholarly journals Qualitative Analysis of Indoor and Outdoor Airborne Fungi in Cowshed

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pavan ◽  
K. Manjunath
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Outdoor Area ◽  
Monthly Incidence ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Air pollution is one of the most serious problems to human health. Fungi are the causal agents for different diseases in animals, plants, and human beings. Otomycosis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, allergy, and systemic mycosis are among the fungal diseases caused. The present study was conducted to analyze the monthly incidence of airborne fungi, seasonal variation, and influence of meteorological parameters in indoor and outdoor fungi of cowshed at Hesaraghatta village, Bangalore. An aeromycological survey of indoor and outdoor area of cowshed at Hesaraghatta village in Bangalore city was carried out using the Andersen two-stage sampler onto a petri dish containing malt extract agar from January 2011 to December 2011. Altogether, 29 species belonging to 13 genera from indoor and 26 species belonging to 12 genera were recorded from outdoor environment of the cowshed; the dominant fungal species identified were Cladosporium sp., Aspergillus sp., and Alternaria alternata. Seasonal occurrence of fungal spores in both indoor and outdoor of the cowshed revealed that maximum spores were recorded in summer season followed by winter and rainy season.

scholarly journals Volumetric Assessment of Airborne Indoor and Outdoor Fungi at Poultry and Cattle Houses in the Mazandaran Province, Iran

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatef Ajoudanifar ◽  
Mohammad Hedayati ◽  
Sabah Mayahi ◽  
Alireza Khosravi ◽  
Bita Mousavi
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Air Concentration ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Poultry Houses ◽  
Volumetric Assessment ◽  
Outdoor Fungi ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Volumetric Assessment of Airborne Indoor and Outdoor Fungi at Poultry and Cattle Houses in the Mazandaran Province, IranThe aim of this study was to assess the volume of airborne fungi in the indoor and outdoor environment of poultry and cattle houses in the Mazandaran Province in Iran. Indoor and outdoor air of twenty cattle houses and twenty-five poultry houses were sampled using a single-stage impactor, which draws air at 20 L min-1and impacts sampled material onto Petri plates containing malt extract agar. The plates were incubated at 30 °C for seven days, after which the resulting colonies were counted. The fungi were identified and counted microscopically and macroscopically. A total of 4,662 fungal colonies were isolated from 90 plates collected from indoor and outdoor air of cattle and poultry houses.Cladosporium(55.3 %), yeast (10.0 %), andAspergillus(9.4 %) were the most common findings. The concentration of airborne fungi in cattle and poultry houses ranged from 10 CFU m-3to 1700 CFU m-3in indoor and 10 CFU m-3to 2170 CFU m-3in outdoor environments.Cladosporiumhad the highest mean indoor (424.5 CFU m-3) and outdoor (449.7 CFU m-3) air concentration in the cattle houses. In the poultry houses, the highest mean concentrations were measured forCladosporium(551.0 CFU m-3) outdoors and yeast (440.7 CFU m-3) indoors. These levels might present an occupational risk, but threshold levels for these environments have yet to be established worldwide.

scholarly journals Assessment of Airborne Fungi in Childrens Hospital Located in Kolkata India

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-234
Author(s):  
Debasmita Ghosh Dhar ◽  
Priyanka Dhar ◽  
Ashok Kumar Das ◽  
Naim Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

Fungal spores contribute significant concentration in the bioaerosol of various environmental conditions which may have potential health threats. Our study was aimed at determining the presence of disseminating airborne fungi in a pediatric government hospital in Kolkata. The study was started from the post-monsoon to the middle winter (August to December 2008) in the indoor and outdoor environment of the hospital with temperature and humidity ranges of 11.2 °C-35.2 °C and 70 per cent-90 per cent, respectively. Air sampling was performed at 14 days intervals during the daytime following the gravitation settling method, and the fungal colonies were identified based on micro and macro morphological characteristics. The percentage contribution of individual fungal species from the outdoor section and indoor units (Newborn Baby Ward, Respiratory Care Unit, Step Down Ward, Thalassemia Care Unit) of the hospital environment was calculated. We observed profound aeromycofloral diversity where the outdoor environment was mostly colonised by sterile hyphae (16.43 %) along with the allergenic Aspergillus fumigatus (13.6 %) and Penicillium sp. (12.32 %). Conversely, an abundance of Cladosporium herbarum (24.7 %) and Penicillium sp. (17.85 %) followed by Aspergillus sp. (12.9 %) and sterile hyphae (14.51 %) were found in different indoor units. Our results showed the diversity of airborne mycoflora which promotes the trend to health difficulties and thus the hospital environment monitoring along with proper control measures is essential.

scholarly journals First Speleomycological Study on the Occurrence of Psychrophilic and Psychrotolerant Aeromycota in the Brestovská Cave (Western Tatras Mts., Slovakia) and First Reports for Some Species at Underground Sites

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Rafał Ogórek ◽  
Mateusz Speruda ◽  
Justyna Borzęcka ◽  
Agata Piecuch ◽  
Magdalena Cal
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
First Report

Most underground ecosystems are heterotrophic, fungi in these objects are dispersed in the air in the form of spores, and they may be potentially hazardous to mammals. Research in underground sites has focused on mesophilic airborne fungi and only a few concerned cold-adapted species. Therefore, the goal of our research was the first report of psychrophilic and psychrotolerant aeromycota in the Brestovská Cave using culture-based techniques with genetic and phenotypic identification. Plates with PDA medium containing sampled biological material were incubated at 8 ± 0.5 °C. The density of mycobiota inside the cave ranged from 37.4 to 71 CFU 1 m−3 of air and 63.3 CFU 1 m−3 of air outside the cave. Thus, the level of fungal spores did not exceed the standards for the mycological quality of the air. A total of 18 species were isolated during the study, and some species may be potentially dangerous to people with weakened immune system. All fungal species were present inside the cave and only seven of them were outside. Cladosporium cladosporioides dominated in the external air samples and Mortierella parvispora was cultured most frequently from internal air samples. To our knowledge, this is the first discovery of the fungal species such as Coniothyrium pyrinum, Cystobasidium laryngis, Filobasidium wieringae, Leucosporidium drummii, M. parvispora, Mrakia blollopis, Nakazawaea holstii, and Vishniacozyma victoriae in the air inside the underground sites. Moreover, C. pyrinum, C. laryngis, L. drummii, M. blollopis, and N. holstii have never been detected in any component of the underground ecosystems. There are possible reasons explaining the detection of those species, but global warming is the most likely.

scholarly journals Analysis of culturable airborne fungi in outdoor environments in Tianjin, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumna Nageen ◽  
Michael Dare Asemoloye ◽  
Sergei Põlme ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Shihan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Outdoor Environments

Abstract Background Fungal spores dispersed in the atmosphere may become cause of different pathological conditions and allergies for human beings. A number of studies have been performed to analyze the diversity of airborne fungi in different environments worldwide, and in particular in many urban areas in China. We investigated, for the first time, the diversity, concentration and distribution of airborne fungi in Tianjin city. We sampled 8 outdoor environments, using open plate method, during a whole winter season. Isolated fungi were identified by morphological and molecular analysis. Environmental factors which could influence the airborne fungi concentration (temperature, humidity, wind speed, and air pressure) were monitored and analyzed. The effect of different urban site functions (busy areas with high traffic flow and commercial activities vs. green areas) on airborne fungal diversity was also analyzed. Results A total of 560 fungal strains, belonging to 110 species and 49 genera of Ascomycota (80 %), Basidiomycota (18 %), and Mucoromycota (2 %) were isolated in this study. The dominant fungal genus was Alternaria (22 %), followed by Cladosporium (18.4 %), Naganishia (14.1 %), Fusarium (5.9 %), Phoma (4.11 %), and Didymella (4.8 %). A fungal concentration ranging from 0 to 3224.13 CFU m− 3 was recorded during the whole study. Permutational multivariate analysis showed that the month was the most influential factor for airborne fungal community structure, probably because it can be regarded as a proxy of environmental variables, followed by wind speed. The two analyzed environments (busy vs. green) had no detectable effect on the air fungal community, which could be related to the relatively small size of parks in Tianjin and/or to the study season. Conclusions Our study shed light on the highly diverse community of airborne fungi characterizing the outdoor environments of Tianjin, and clarified the role that different environmental factors played in shaping the analyzed fungal community. The dominant presence of fungi with potential hazardous effect on human health, such as Alternaria, Cladosporium and Naganishia, deserves further attention. Our results may represent a valuable source of information for air quality monitoring, microbial pollution control, and airborne diseases prevention.

An Assessement of the Air Quality in Apple Warehouses : New Record of Aspergillus Europaeus, Aspergillus Pulverulentus, Penicillium Allii and Penicllium Sumatraense as Decay Agents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa SMIRI ◽  
Amina KHEIREDDINE ◽  
Rania Hammami ◽  
Mustapha ROUISSI ◽  
Eduardo Antonio Espeso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Gravity Settling

Abstract Airborne fungi are one of the major components of aeromycobiota known to produce several fungal diseases in fruits. Their presence in indoor environment of warehouses may limit the storage period of apples. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of airborne fungal spores were conducted using gravity settling techniques to detect fungal airspora present in the atmosphere of two apple warehouses in Tunisia. In this study, 375 fungal isolates were obtained and purified. Phylogenetic analysis of Calmodulin, beta-tubulin and ITS regions coupled with phenotypic characterization helped to identify fifteen fungal species. Penicillium exhibited the highest diversity with ten species detected (Penicillium expansum, Penicillium allii, Penicillium polonicum, Penicillium solitum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium steckii, Penicillium viridicatum, Penicillium sumatraense, Penicillium italicum and Penicillium citrinum), followed by four species of Aspergillus genus (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus pulverulentus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus europaeus) and Alternaria alternata. In vivo experiments confirmed the pathogenicity of thirteen species at room temperature and under cold-storage conditions. Among them, A. europaeus, A. pulverulentus, P. allii and P. Sumatraense were described for the first time as pathogenic on apples. The present study identified the major airborne fungi associated with postharvest rot in apple storage facilities in Tunisia and may help in efficient control of post-harvest and storage fruit diseases.

scholarly journals Aeroallergens and Asthma

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 248-256
Author(s):  
Moira Chan-Yeung ◽  
Santiago Quirce
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Tree Pollen ◽  
Seasonal Periodicity ◽  
Dust Mite ◽  
Indoor Aeroallergens ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

The main aeroallergens in both the indoor and outdoor environment that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma are reviewed. Pollen and fungal spores are important outdoor aeroallergens that cause sensitization in atopic subjects, leading to rhinitis and asthma in a proportion of the sensitized subjects. Each pollen type displays a particular seasonal periodicity: tree pollen are prevalent in the late winter and spring, grass in the spring and summer and weed mainly in the fall. There are regional differences in the type of pollen grains in Canada. Although the pollen grains arc large fragments less than 10 µ can reach the lower airways to cause asthma. Some fungal spores. such asAlternariaandCladosporium, have been implicated in asthma. The full clinical impact of fungi in asthma has yet lo be clarified. With the construction of homes that are tightly scaled to conserve heat and the use or wall to wall carpet. the type and concentration of indoor aeroallergens have become increasingly different from outdoors. House dust mite and pet allergens have now been shown to he important acro:dlergcns that sensitize children in infancy and are risk factors for asthma. Clinicians should recognize the importance of aeroallergens in asthma because avoidance and/or reduc1iun of exposure is an important part of the management besides drug therapy.

Functional and causal relationships between indoor and outdoor airborne fungi

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
De-Wei Li ◽  
Bryce Kendrick
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Airborne Spores ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Indoor Sources ◽  
Fungal Propagules ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

From May to October, relationships of total numbers of airborne fungal propagules between indoor and outdoor sampling sites were very strong, particularly for Alternaria and Leptosphaeria, while that for unidentified ascospores was positive but to a lesser degree. Indoor and outdoor counts of Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Ganoderma, unidentified spores, hyphal fragments, and biodiversity (total number of fungal genera) were also significantly positively related. There appeared to be no functional relationship between Aspergillus/Penicillium conidia in indoor and outdoor air. From November to April, indoor and outdoor counts of Alternaria, Ganoderma, and hyphal fragments displayed negative relationships, but there was a positive correlation for Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Leptosphaeria, unidentified ascospores, total fungal spores, unidentified spores, and biodiversity. Once again, no functional relationship was detected between Aspergillus/Penicillium indoors and outdoors. The functional relationships of airborne fungi with indoor environmental factors are examined and discussed. A lack of causal relationships, as detected by path analysis, indicates that airborne spores of Alternaria, Leptosphaeria, unidentified ascospores, Coprinus, and Ganoderma came mainly from outdoor sources. All path models fitted this hypothesis well, except for Aspergillus/Penicillium. On the other hand, path analysis suggested that there were probably indoor sources of Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Aspergillus/Penicillium, unidentified basidiospores, and unidentified spores. Most of the models explained a large proportion of variance of indoor airborne fungi. Keywords: airborne fungal spores, redundancy analysis, path analysis.

Prevalence of Aero-Allergenic Micro Fungi in Extra & Intramural Environments of a Saw Mill in Pondicherry City, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 760 ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
B.K. Nayak ◽  
S. Suresh Kumar ◽  
Anima Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Seasonal Periodicity ◽  
Spore Mass ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Spore Load

Prevalence of airborne fungal spores with their seasonal periodicity in the extra and intramural environments of a saw mill of Pondicherry region was carried out by gravitation method from January 2011 to December 2011. Composition and concentration of fungal spores considerably varied from indoors to outdoors as well as from season to season. Indoor air harbored maximum fungal spores (61%) in comparison to outdoor air (39%). Occurrence of fungal species was predominated with more number of propagules during mid winter (December) and early rainy (July) periods in comparison to other months. Quantitatively, Cladosporium was found with the highest frequency and had four members i.e., C. cladosporioides, C. herbarum, C. resinae, C. sphaerospermum but qualitatively, Penicilli and aspegilii were isolated highest in its contribution to total CFUs. Out of the 32 isolated fungal taxa, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, Rhizopus stolonifer and Alternaria alternata were the predominant aeroallergens which cause different types of respiratory/lung diseases in atopic human beings were isolated. In seasonal periodicity, winter contributed the maximum spore load (41%) followed by rainy (33%), summer was found with the least (26%) in harboring the spore mass in the indoors and outdoors. Alternaria alternata, which is accounted as a human allergen for sporosis inducer and an agent for hay fever and other pathologies, was also intermittently recorded. A few plant pathogenic fungi like Helmithosporium sp. & Fusarium spp, saprophytic, field and storage fungi were also recorded during the study period. Effect of meteorological parameters on the fungal spores in the saw mill atmosphere was significantly assessed by Pearsons correlation coefficient analysis.

scholarly journals Profiles of Environmental Mold: Indoor and Outdoor Air Sampling in a Hematology Hospital in Seoul, South Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Yeon Cho ◽  
Jun-Pyo Myong ◽  
Won-Bok Kim ◽  
Chulmin Park ◽  
Sung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Air Sampling ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Air Sampler ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Indoor Fungi ◽  
Immunocompromised Hosts ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Inhalation of fungal spores can cause various spectrums of fungal diseases in immunocompromised hosts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations and profiles of fungal species in air collected at different locations in hematology wards and outside of the hospital in Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital over the course of a year. Air sampling was performed at four locations—outside the hospital (O), in the general ward (GW), in the lounge in the cleanroom (CRL), and in the patients’ room in the cleanroom (CRR)—by using Andersen single-stage air sampler at every two weeks between May 2017 and May 2018. The results showed higher mean fungal density in summer, and the concentrations of fungi decreased as follows: O (954.8 colony-forming units, CFU/m3) > GW (4.2 CFU/m3) > CRL (0.7 CFU/m3) > CRR (0 CFU/m3). Aspergillus was most prevalent both inside (47%) and outside (62%) of the hospital. However, the outdoor fungal profile was more diverse than the indoor profile. Within the hospital, Penicillium was the second most dominant species. In conclusion, the outdoor fungal profile is diverse even in Seoul, a highly urbanized area in Korea. The distribution of indoor air fungi is significantly different from outdoor due to air quality systems. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), as well as high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)-filtered systems should be established to effectively reduce levels of indoor fungi.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document