Functional and causal relationships between indoor and outdoor airborne fungi

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
De-Wei Li ◽  
Bryce Kendrick
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Airborne Spores ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Indoor Sources ◽  
Fungal Propagules ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

From May to October, relationships of total numbers of airborne fungal propagules between indoor and outdoor sampling sites were very strong, particularly for Alternaria and Leptosphaeria, while that for unidentified ascospores was positive but to a lesser degree. Indoor and outdoor counts of Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Ganoderma, unidentified spores, hyphal fragments, and biodiversity (total number of fungal genera) were also significantly positively related. There appeared to be no functional relationship between Aspergillus/Penicillium conidia in indoor and outdoor air. From November to April, indoor and outdoor counts of Alternaria, Ganoderma, and hyphal fragments displayed negative relationships, but there was a positive correlation for Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Leptosphaeria, unidentified ascospores, total fungal spores, unidentified spores, and biodiversity. Once again, no functional relationship was detected between Aspergillus/Penicillium indoors and outdoors. The functional relationships of airborne fungi with indoor environmental factors are examined and discussed. A lack of causal relationships, as detected by path analysis, indicates that airborne spores of Alternaria, Leptosphaeria, unidentified ascospores, Coprinus, and Ganoderma came mainly from outdoor sources. All path models fitted this hypothesis well, except for Aspergillus/Penicillium. On the other hand, path analysis suggested that there were probably indoor sources of Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Aspergillus/Penicillium, unidentified basidiospores, and unidentified spores. Most of the models explained a large proportion of variance of indoor airborne fungi. Keywords: airborne fungal spores, redundancy analysis, path analysis.

scholarly journals Qualitative Analysis of Indoor and Outdoor Airborne Fungi in Cowshed

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pavan ◽  
K. Manjunath
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Outdoor Area ◽  
Monthly Incidence ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Air pollution is one of the most serious problems to human health. Fungi are the causal agents for different diseases in animals, plants, and human beings. Otomycosis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, allergy, and systemic mycosis are among the fungal diseases caused. The present study was conducted to analyze the monthly incidence of airborne fungi, seasonal variation, and influence of meteorological parameters in indoor and outdoor fungi of cowshed at Hesaraghatta village, Bangalore. An aeromycological survey of indoor and outdoor area of cowshed at Hesaraghatta village in Bangalore city was carried out using the Andersen two-stage sampler onto a petri dish containing malt extract agar from January 2011 to December 2011. Altogether, 29 species belonging to 13 genera from indoor and 26 species belonging to 12 genera were recorded from outdoor environment of the cowshed; the dominant fungal species identified were Cladosporium sp., Aspergillus sp., and Alternaria alternata. Seasonal occurrence of fungal spores in both indoor and outdoor of the cowshed revealed that maximum spores were recorded in summer season followed by winter and rainy season.

Airborne fungi in arctic settlement Tiksi (Russian Arctic, coast of the Laptev Sea)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Yu. Kirtsideli ◽  
Dmitry Yu. Vlasov ◽  
Evgeny V. Abakumov ◽  
Elena P. Barantsevich ◽  
Yuri K. Novozhilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
The People ◽  
Anthropogenic Substrates ◽  
Arctic Coast ◽  
The Laptev Sea ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Biodiversity and number of airborne fungi isolated from indoor and outdoor air of different location in the areas of arctic settlement Tiksi (Russian Arctic) are described. Different locations (coastal areas, landscape, streets of Tiksi, abandoned empty houses, flats, public buildings) were observed. Aeromycota characterized by a significant biodiversity (50 species), but only several species were abundant. Airborne fungal spores concentration (CFU) in Tiksi locations was found low. The maximum spore concentrations were observed in air of the abandoned empty houses (inhabited in the past). Many species common for soil were observed at the samples taken at streets and abandoned buildings. Most of them are also known as inhabitants of building materials. Microfungi CFU at settlement territory was twice as high as natural territory. Phospholipase, albuminase and hemolytic activities of microfungi isolates as well as their relation to temperature were studied. Most of the tested isolates demonstrated high levels of all the tested activities. It was concluded that there is a risk of ‘‘mold’’ allergy diseases for the people especially with weakening of immunity at arctic settlement Tiksi. Main sources of the air contamination in arctic settlements and houses could be many anthropogenic substrates which were colonized by soil fungi.

31. Indoor and Outdoor Concentration Levels of Airborne Fungi in Cincinnati Area Homes: Pilot Study

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lee ◽  
D. Martuzevicius ◽  
C. Crawford ◽  
A. Adhikari ◽  
T. Reponen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Outdoor Concentration ◽  
Concentration Levels ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

scholarly journals Assessment of Indoor Benzene and Its Alkyl Derivatives Concentrations in Offices Belonging to University of Technology (Poland)

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Barbara Kozielska ◽  
Dorota Kaleta
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Indoor Sources ◽  
Alkyl Derivatives ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Office Rooms ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Indoor air contamination in office rooms is regarded as one of the most important issues in the protection of workers’ health, because contaminants, even those occurring at low concentrations, can cause health problems for the office staff in view of the long exposure time. This paper presents the results of measurements of benzene and its alkyl derivatives (toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, styrene, and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene)—known indicators of human exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air in newly renovated offices at University of Technology (Upper Silesia, Poland). Monthly samples of indoor and outdoor air were collected during the years 2018–2019 by passive methods and analyzed by thermal desorption-gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (TD-GC/FID). In the first month of measurements average concentrations of the sum of five VOCs under consideration was 127.7 µg/m3, then in subsequent months between 15.1 µg/m3 to 87.3 µg/m3. The average concentration of carcinogenic benzene was below 1.5 μg/m3. Toluene had the highest concentration among studied VOCs, accounting for as high as 60% and 84% of the total indoor and outdoor VOCs, respectively. High indoor-to-outdoor (I/O) ratios for ethylbenzene (7.1), m,p-xylene (9.8), and styrene (12.5) indicate the dominant role of indoor sources.

scholarly journals First Speleomycological Study on the Occurrence of Psychrophilic and Psychrotolerant Aeromycota in the Brestovská Cave (Western Tatras Mts., Slovakia) and First Reports for Some Species at Underground Sites

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Rafał Ogórek ◽  
Mateusz Speruda ◽  
Justyna Borzęcka ◽  
Agata Piecuch ◽  
Magdalena Cal
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
First Report

Most underground ecosystems are heterotrophic, fungi in these objects are dispersed in the air in the form of spores, and they may be potentially hazardous to mammals. Research in underground sites has focused on mesophilic airborne fungi and only a few concerned cold-adapted species. Therefore, the goal of our research was the first report of psychrophilic and psychrotolerant aeromycota in the Brestovská Cave using culture-based techniques with genetic and phenotypic identification. Plates with PDA medium containing sampled biological material were incubated at 8 ± 0.5 °C. The density of mycobiota inside the cave ranged from 37.4 to 71 CFU 1 m−3 of air and 63.3 CFU 1 m−3 of air outside the cave. Thus, the level of fungal spores did not exceed the standards for the mycological quality of the air. A total of 18 species were isolated during the study, and some species may be potentially dangerous to people with weakened immune system. All fungal species were present inside the cave and only seven of them were outside. Cladosporium cladosporioides dominated in the external air samples and Mortierella parvispora was cultured most frequently from internal air samples. To our knowledge, this is the first discovery of the fungal species such as Coniothyrium pyrinum, Cystobasidium laryngis, Filobasidium wieringae, Leucosporidium drummii, M. parvispora, Mrakia blollopis, Nakazawaea holstii, and Vishniacozyma victoriae in the air inside the underground sites. Moreover, C. pyrinum, C. laryngis, L. drummii, M. blollopis, and N. holstii have never been detected in any component of the underground ecosystems. There are possible reasons explaining the detection of those species, but global warming is the most likely.

scholarly journals Diversity, Concentration and Dynamics of Culturable Fungal Bioaerosols at Doha, Qatar

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Raghdaa K. Fayad ◽  
Roda F. Al-Thani ◽  
Fatima A. Al-Naemi ◽  
Mohammed H. Abu-Dieyeh
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Airborne Fungi ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Colony Count ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Future Work

This research was conducted to investigate the dynamics of airborne fungi using viable culture collection and in respect to different abiotic variables, including seasonal and intra-diurnal variations. A gravimetric method was used to sample airborne fungal deposition on potato dextrose agar plates on alternate days, for a year between April 2015 to March 2016. From 176 settle plate exposures, a total of 1197 mould and 283 yeast colony-forming units (CFU), 21 genera and 62 species were retrieved. The highest fungal spore count was recorded in February 2016, whereas the lowest count occurred in August 2015. The main constituents of the fungal airspora were attributed to Cladosporium (60.2%), Aspergillus (10.4%), Fusarium (9.4%), Alternaria (8.5%), and Ganoderma spp. (2.3%). Temperature was negatively correlated with total colony count (r = −0.231, p ≤ 0.05) or species richness (r = −0.267, p ≤ 0.001), while wind speed was positively correlated with total colony count (r = 0.484, p ≤ 0.001) or species richness (r = 0.257, p ≤ −0.001). The highest dispersal of fungal spores was obtained at 18:00, whereas the lowest fungal spores release was recorded at 00:00 (midnight). There were no significant differences in species composition and richness of the airborne fungal population between two study sites, the Industrial area and Qatar University Campus. The count of Alternaria spp. and Fusarium spp. were significantly higher at the Industrial area site, which corresponds to a higher CO2 level than the Qatar University site. This study lays the foundation for future work to assess the implications of such aeromycological data on public health.

scholarly journals Abnormal Functional Relationship of Sensorimotor Network With Neurotransmitter-Related Nuclei via Subcortical-Cortical Loops in Manic and Depressive Phases of Bipolar Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Martino ◽  
Paola Magioncalda ◽  
Benedetta Conio ◽  
Laura Capobianco ◽  
Daniel Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Sensorimotor Network ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Zero Values ◽  
Psychomotor Symptoms ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Objective Manic and depressive phases of bipolar disorder (BD) show opposite psychomotor symptoms. Neuronally, these may depend on altered relationships between sensorimotor network (SMN) and subcortical structures. The study aimed to investigate the functional relationships of SMN with substantia nigra (SN) and raphe nuclei (RN) via subcortical-cortical loops, and their alteration in bipolar mania and depression, as characterized by psychomotor excitation and inhibition. Method In this resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study on healthy (n = 67) and BD patients (n = 100), (1) functional connectivity (FC) between thalamus and SMN was calculated and correlated with FC from SN or RN to basal ganglia (BG)/thalamus in healthy; (2) using an a-priori-driven approach, thalamus-SMN FC, SN-BG/thalamus FC, and RN-BG/thalamus FC were compared between healthy and BD, focusing on manic (n = 34) and inhibited depressed (n = 21) patients. Results (1) In healthy, the thalamus-SMN FC showed a quadratic correlation with SN-BG/thalamus FC and a linear negative correlation with RN-BG/thalamus FC. Accordingly, the SN-related FC appears to enable the thalamus-SMN coupling, while the RN-related FC affects it favoring anti-correlation. (2) In BD, mania showed an increase in thalamus-SMN FC toward positive values (ie, thalamus-SMN abnormal coupling) paralleled by reduction of RN-BG/thalamus FC. By contrast, inhibited depression showed a decrease in thalamus-SMN FC toward around-zero values (ie, thalamus-SMN disconnection) paralleled by reduction of SN-BG/thalamus FC (and RN-BG/thalamus FC). The results were replicated in independent HC and BD datasets. Conclusions These findings suggest an abnormal relationship of SMN with neurotransmitters-related areas via subcortical-cortical loops in mania and inhibited depression, finally resulting in psychomotor alterations.

scholarly journals The effects of indoor and outdoor air pollutants on workers’ productivity in office building

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 02057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Becchio ◽  
Marta Carla Bottero ◽  
Stefano Paolo Corgnati ◽  
Federico Dell’Anna ◽  
Valentina Fabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Indoor Sources ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Absence From Work ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

In the present-day society, people spend about 80% of their time inside buildings, and specifically 30-40% in workplaces. From this evidence, the indoor environmental quality needs to be investigated, and in particular, the possible sources of indoor-outdoor pollutants and their impact on the human health, comfort and productivity. First, through an examination of the indoor sources of pollution, the research analysed the main substances that affect indoor air quality in an office. Second, the pollution of external origin and its effects on the performance of employees were taken into consideration. Two scenarios were designed for a Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning (HVAC) system in an office building; one by the installation of a biocidal filter and the other by a traditional one. Two methods were applied to evaluate and compare those scenarios; the Cost Benefit Analysis and the Monte Carlo Simulation. From a financial point of view, the investment and management costs of the filters were considered. Instead, the annual benefits included increasing productivity and reducing days of absence from work due to illness. The results confirmed the energy and socio-economic efficiency of the antibacterial filter; it can be considered a solution to achieve the best income.

A Year-round Comparison of Fungal Spores in Indoor and Outdoor Air

Mycologia ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
De-Wei Li ◽  
Bryce Kendrick
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

The ontogenic and functional relationships between growth hormone- and prolactin-releasing cells during the development of the bovine pituitary

1992 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Kineman ◽  
W. J. Faught ◽  
L. S. Frawley
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Cells In Culture ◽  
Suggestive Evidence ◽  
Near Term

ABSTRACT The ontogeny of GH- and prolactin-releasing cells in the developing bovine pituitary was evaluated by reverse haemolytic plaque assays which allows for the detection of hormone release from individual pituitary cells in culture. With this approach, we observed that GH-releasing cells ontogenically preceded prolactin-releasing cells. In fact, GH secretors were observed as early as 59 days of gestational age while cells that released prolactin were not identified until 98 days. The amounts of both GH- and prolactinreleasing cells increased with time to reach more than 50% and 20% of all pituitary cells near term (term ∼280 days) respectively. Interestingly, the first cells shown to release prolactin also released GH (i.e. were mammosomatotropes). This temporal and functional relationship between GH and prolactin secretors provides suggestive evidence that GH-secreting cells act as the progenitor cells for prolactin secretors via a functional intermediate, the mammosomatotrope. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 134, 91–96

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