scholarly journals The Effect of Beam Intensity on Temperature Distribution in ADS Windowless Lead-Bismuth Eutectic Spallation Target

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Lei Gao ◽  
Wen-qiang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
Beam Intensity ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Spallation Target ◽  
Lead Bismuth Eutectic

The spallation target is the component coupling the accelerator and the reactor and is regarded as the “heart” of the accelerator driven system (ADS). Heavy liquid metal lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is served as core coolant and spallation material to carry away heat deposition of spallation reaction and produce high flux neutron. So it is very important to study the heat transfer process in the target. In this paper, the steady-state flow pattern has been numerically obtained and taken as the input for the nuclear physics calculation, and then the distribution of the extreme large power density of the heat load is imported back to the computational fluid dynamics as the source term in the energy equation. Through the coupling, the transient and steady-state temperature distribution in the windowless spallation target is obtained and analyzed based on the flow process and heat transfer. Comparison of the temperature distribution with the different beam intensity shows that its shape is the same as broken wing of the butterfly. Nevertheless, the maximum temperature as well as the temperature gradient is different. The results play an important role and can be applied to the further design and optimization of the ADS windowless spallation target.

Two-Way Coupling Simulation of Heat Transfer in ADS Windowless Spallation Target

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Liu ◽  
Lei Gao ◽  
Huan Chen ◽  
Zeng-hui Wang ◽  
Wen-qiang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Spallation Target

The steady-state phase distribution and the structural parameters have been taken as the input for the nuclear physics calculation in the ADS windowless spallation target. The distribution of the extreme large power density of the heat load is imported back as the source term in the energy equation. Then temperature distribution is obtained based on the flow process and heat transfer. The preliminary results show that the temperature distribution reaches the steady-state and its shape is like the broken wings of the butterfly. This is very important for the further design and optimization of the ADS windowless spallation target. So the two-way coupling simulation of the heat transfer process is successfully performed between the computational fluid dynamics and the nuclear physics simulation.

Analytical Modeling of Temperature Distribution in Interposer-Based Microelectronic Systems

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Choobineh ◽  
Dereje Agonafer ◽  
Ankur Jain
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Temperature Field ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Analytical Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
On Chip

Heterogeneous integration in microelectronic systems using interposer technology has attracted significant research attention in the past few years. Interposer technology is based on stacking of several heterogeneous chips on a common carrier substrate, also referred to as the interposer. Compared to other technologies such as System-on-Chip (SoC) or System-in-Package (SiP), interposer-based integration offers several technological advantages. However, the thermal management of an interposer-based system is not well understood. The presence of multiple heat sources in various die and the interposer itself needs to be accounted for in any effective thermal model. While a finite-element based simulation may provide a reasonable temperature prediction tool, an analytical solution is highly desirable for understanding the fundamentals of the heat transfer process in interposers. In this paper, we describe our recent work on analytical modeling of heat transfer in interposer-based microelectronic systems. The basic governing energy conservation equations are solved to derive analytical expressions for the temperature distribution in an interposer-based microelectronic system. These solutions are combined with an iterative approach to provide the three-dimensional temperature field in an interposer. Results are in excellent agreement with finite-element solutions. The analytical model is utilized to study the effect of various parameters on the temperature field in an interposer system. Results from this work may be helpful in the thermal design of microelectronic systems containing interposers.

scholarly journals Experimental study of heat transfer through cooling water circuit in a reactor vault by using Al2O3 nano fluid

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 1149-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Anish ◽  
Balakrishnan Kanimozh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Reactor Core ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
Nano Fluid ◽  
Al2o3 Nanoparticle

The heat produced in the nuclear reactor due to fission reaction must be kept in control or else it will damage the components in the reactor core. Nuclear plants are using water for the operation dissipation of heat. Instead, some chemical substances which have higher heat transfer coefficient and high thermal conductivity. This experiment aims to find out how efficiently a nanofluid can dissipate heat from the reactor vault. The most commonly used nanofluid is Al2O3 nanoparticle with water or ethylene as base fluid. The Al2O3 has good thermal property and it is easily available. In addition, it can be stabilized in various PH levels. The nanofluid is fed into the reactor?s coolant circuit. The various temperature distribution leads to different characteristic curve that occurs on various valve condition leading to a detailed study on how temperature distribution carries throughout the cooling circuit. As a combination of Al2O3 as a nanoparticle and therminol 55 as base fluid are used for the heat transfer process. The Al2O3 nanoparticle is mixed in therminol 55 at 0.05 vol.% concentration. Numerical analysis on the reactor vault model was carried out by using ABAQUS and the experimental results were compared with numerical results.

Optimization of a Liquid Lead-Bismuth Eutectic Spallation Target Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pointer ◽  
Tanju Sofu ◽  
Yousry Gohar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Liquid Lead ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Spallation Target ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Lead Bismuth Eutectic

A liquid Lead-Bismuth Eutectic (LBE) spallation target has been developed for the subcritical multiplier (SCM) station of the Accelerator-Driven Test Facility (ADTF). Target design objectives and constraints were defined and utilized to satisfy the engineering requirements and to minimize the design development time and cost. Physics, heat transfer, hydraulics, structural, radiological and safety analyses were iterated to arrive at the final design concept. The optimization of the thermal hydraulic characteristics of the target concept through the parametric evaluation of multiple design alternatives using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to predict fluid dynamics and heat transfer behaviors is described in this paper.

Heat transfer modeling within the microclimate between 3D human body and clothing: effects of ventilation openings and fire intensity

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Tian ◽  
Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Convective Heat Transfer ◽  
Convective Heat ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to determine the effect of ventilation openings and fire intensity on heat transfer and fluid flow within the microclimate between 3D human body and clothing.Design/methodology/approachOn account of interaction effects of fire and ventilation openings on heat transfer process, a 3D transient computational fluid dynamics model considering the real shape of human body and clothing was developed. The model was validated by comparing heat flux history and distribution with experimental results. Heat transfer modes and fluid flow were investigated under three levels of fire intensity for the microclimate with ventilation openings and closures.FindingsTemperature distribution on skin surface with open microclimate was heavily depended on the heat transfer through ventilation openings. Higher temperature for the clothing with confined microclimate was affected by the position and direction of flames injection. The presence of openings contributed to the greater velocity at forearms, shanks and around neck, which enhanced the convective heat transfer within microclimate. Thermal radiation was the dominant heat transfer mode within the microclimate for garment with closures. On the contrary, convective heat transfer within microclimate for clothing with openings cannot be neglected.Practical implicationsThe findings provided fundamental supports for the ease and pattern design of the improved thermal protective systems, so as to realize the optimal thermal insulation of the microclimate on the garment level in the future.Originality/valueThe outcomes broaden the insights of results obtained from the mesoscale models. Different high skin temperature distribution and heat transfer modes caused by thermal environment and clothing structure provide basis for advanced thermal protective clothing design.

Quasi-Steady-State Temperature Distribution in Periodically Contacting Finite Regions

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Vick ◽  
M. N. O¨zis¸ik
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Interface Temperature ◽  
Quasi Steady State ◽  
Exact Analytical Solutions ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Steady State Temperature ◽  
Regular Cycle

Heat transfer across two surfaces which make and break contact periodically according to a continuous regular cycle is investigated theoretically and exact analytical solutions are developed for the quasi-steady-state temperature distribution for a two-region, one-dimensional, periodically contacting model. The effects of the Biot number, the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of the materials and the duration of contact and break periods on the interface temperature and the temperature distribution within the solids are illustrated with representative temperature charts.

scholarly journals The use of ice to cool the concrete mix in the construction of massive structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 02047
Author(s):  
Nikolay Aniskin ◽  
Trong Chuc Nguyen ◽  
Anh Kiet Bui
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Concrete Block ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Mass Concrete ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
Practical Design

This article proposes a formula to determine the required amount of ice to partially replace the water in the concrete mix to control the initial temperature of the concrete mix and reduce possible cracking. The formula was created based on the principle of energy balance in the heat transfer process. At the same time, the obtained results were compared with the other methods. Besides, an example of the calculation for a concrete block during the construction was performed. The maximum temperature and temperature difference in mass concrete obtained depend significantly on the initial temperature of the concrete mixture. The research results and the proposed techniques can be used in the practical design of mass concrete structures.

scholarly journals Modeling of the heat transfer process in an air heat pump fanless evaporator

2018 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 05012
Author(s):  
Piotr Kopeć ◽  
Beata Niezgoda-Żelasko
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Mixed Convection ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Transfer Process ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients

This paper analyses the mixed convection process in a fanless evaporator of an air heat pump. The text of the paper shows the authors’ experimental studies results of the temperature distribution and the local values of heat transfer coefficients on the outer surface of vertical tubes with longitudinal fins for the case of mixed convection and fins of a specific shape of their cross-section (prismatic, wavy fins). The experimental studies include the air velocities wa=2,3 m/s and the temperature differences between air and the refrigerant inside the heat exchanger tubes which is ΔT=24-40K. The results obtained were used for verification of CFD modeling of the heat transfer process for the discussed case of heat transfer and the geometry of the finned surface. The numerical analysis was performed for: the temperature distribution along the fin height, the tube perimeter and height, the distribution of local heat transfer coefficients on the finned tube perimeter and along its height. The simulated calculations were used to verify the method of determination of fin efficiency.

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