scholarly journals A Digital Model to Simulate Effects of Bone Architecture Variations on Texture at Spatial Resolutions of CT, HR-pQCT, and μCT Scanners

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lowitz ◽  
O. Museyko ◽  
V. Bousson ◽  
W. A. Kalender ◽  
J.-D. Laredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Texture Analysis ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Digital Model ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
Texture Parameters

The quantification of changes in the trabecular bone structure induced by musculoskeletal diseases like osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and others by means of a texture analysis is a valuable tool which is expected to improve the diagnosis and monitoring of a disease. The reaction of texture parameters on different alterations in the architecture of the fine trabecular network and inherent imaging factors such as spatial resolution or image noise has to be understood in detail to ensure an accurate and reliable determination of the current bone state. Therefore, a digital model for the quantitative analysis of cancellous bone structures was developed. Five parameters were used for texture analysis: entropy, global and local inhomogeneity, local anisotropy, and variogram slope. Various generic structural changes of cancellous bone were simulated for different spatial resolutions. Additionally, the dependence of the texture parameters on tissue mineralization and noise was investigated. The present work explains changes in texture parameter outcomes based on structural changes originating from structure modifications and reveals that a texture analysis could provide useful information for a trabecular bone analysis even at resolutions below the dimensions of single trabeculae.

Morphometric texture analysis of spinal trabecular bone structure assessed using orthogonal radiographic projections

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2037-2045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Ouyang ◽  
Sharmila Majumdar ◽  
Thomas M. Link ◽  
Ying Lu ◽  
Peter Augat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Texture Analysis ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Trabecular Bone Structure

scholarly journals Simulation study on the effects of cancellous bone structure in the skull on ultrasonic wave propagation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Itsuki Michimoto ◽  
Kazuki Miyashita ◽  
Hidehisa Suzuyama ◽  
Keita Yano ◽  
Yasuyo Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Fdtd Method ◽  
Arterial Stenosis ◽  
Skull Bone ◽  
Cancellous Bone Structure

AbstractThe transcranial Doppler method (TCD) enables the measurement of cerebral blood flow velocity and detection of emboli by applying an ultrasound probe to the temporal bone window, or the orbital or greater occipital foramina. TCD is widely used for evaluation of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage, early detection of patients with arterial stenosis, and the assessment of brain death. However, measurements often become difficult in older women. Among various factors contributing to this problem, we focused on the effect of the diploe in the skull bone on the penetration of ultrasound into the brain. In particular, the effect of the cancellous bone structure in the diploe was investigated. Using a 2D digital bone model, wave propagation through the skull bone was investigated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. We fabricated digital bone models with similar structure but different BV/TV (bone volume/total volume) values in the diploe. At a BV/TV of approximately 50–60% (similar to that of older women), the minimum ultrasound amplitude was observed as a result of scattering and multiple reflections in the cancellous diploe. These results suggest that structural changes such as osteoporosis may be one factor hampering TCD measurements.

scholarly journals Bone Structure Analysis of the Radius Using Ultrahigh Field (7T) MRI: Relevance of Technical Parameters and Comparison with 3T MRI and Radiography

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Mohamed Jarraya ◽  
Rafael Heiss ◽  
Jeffrey Duryea ◽  
Armin M. Nagel ◽  
John A. Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Texture Analysis ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bone Texture Analysis

Bone fractal signature analysis (FSA—also termed bone texture analysis) is a tool that assesses structural changes that may relate to clinical outcomes and functions. Our aim was to compare bone texture analysis of the distal radius in patients and volunteers using radiography and 3T and 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—a patient group (n = 25) and a volunteer group (n = 25) were included. Participants in the patient group had a history of chronic wrist pain with suspected or confirmed osteoarthritis and/or ligament instability. All participants had 3T and 7T MRI including T1-weighted turbo spin echo (TSE) sequences. The 7T MRI examination included an additional high-resolution (HR) T1 TSE sequence. Radiographs of the wrist were acquired for the patient group. When comparing patients and volunteers (unadjusted for gender and age), we found a statistically significant difference of horizontal and vertical fractal dimensions (FDs) using 7T T1 TSE-HR images in low-resolution mode (horizontal: p = 0.04, vertical: p = 0.01). When comparing radiography to the different MRI sequences, we found a statistically significant difference for low- and high-resolution horizontal FDs between radiography and 3T T1 TSE and 7T T1 TSE-HR. Vertical FDs were significantly different only between radiographs and 3T T1 TSE in the high-resolution mode; FSA measures obtained from 3T and 7T MRI are highly dependent on the sequence and reconstruction resolution used, and thus are not easily comparable between MRI systems and applied sequences.

Adaptive Bone Remodeling to Capture the Trabecular Bone Morphology of the Proximal Femur

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mohammad Ali Banijamali ◽  
Ramin Oftadeh ◽  
Ashkan Vaziri ◽  
Hamid Nayeb-Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction

In this study, a model of femur which resembles bone natural structure has been developed. The model initially consists of a solid shell representing cortical bone encompassing a cubical network of interconnected rods with circular cross-sections representing trabecular bone part. A computational efficient program has been developed which iteratively changes the structure of trabecular bone by keeping the local stress in the structure within a defined stress range. The stress is controlled by either enhancing existing beam elements or removing beams from the initial trabecular frame structure. Trabecular bone structure is obtained for two load cases: walking and stair climbing. The results show that as the magnitude of the loads increase, the internal structure gets denser in critical zones. The higher density is achieved using loading associated with the stair climbing. Walking which is considered as the routine daily activity, results in the less internal density in different regions of the bone. The results show that the converged bone architecture consisting of rods and plates are consistent with the natural bone morphology of femur. Furthermore, the bone volume fraction at the critical regions of the converged structure is in a good agreement with previously measured data obtained from combinations of Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and Computed Tomography (CT).

Effects of Different Loading Patterns on the Trabecular Bone Morphology of the Proximal Femur Using Adaptive Bone Remodeling

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mohammad Ali Banijamali ◽  
Ramin Oftadeh ◽  
Ara Nazarian ◽  
Ruben Goebel ◽  
Ashkan Vaziri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Loading Patterns

In this study, the changes in the bone density of human femur model as a result of different loadings were investigated. The model initially consisted of a solid shell representing cortical bone encompassing a cubical network of interconnected rods representing trabecular bone. A computationally efficient program was developed that iteratively changed the structure of trabecular bone by keeping the local stress in the structure within a defined stress range. The stress was controlled by either enhancing existing beam elements or removing beams from the initial trabecular frame structure. Analyses were performed for two cases of homogenous isotropic and transversely isotropic beams. Trabecular bone structure was obtained for three load cases: walking, stair climbing and stumbling without falling. The results indicate that trabecular bone tissue material properties do not have a significant effect on the converged structure of trabecular bone. In addition, as the magnitude of the loads increase, the internal structure becomes denser in critical zones. Loading associated with the stumbling results in the highest density; whereas walking, considered as a routine daily activity, results in the least internal density in different regions. Furthermore, bone volume fraction at the critical regions of the converged structure is in good agreement with previously measured data obtained from combinations of dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and computed tomography (CT). The results indicate that the converged bone architecture consisting of rods and plates are consistent with the natural bone morphology of the femur. The proposed model shows a promising means to understand the effects of different individual loading patterns on the bone density.

scholarly journals MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF A SINGLE CANCELLOUS BONE TRABECULAE TAKEN FROM BOVINE FEMUR

2012 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
pp. 349-354
Author(s):  
SHINICHI ENOKI ◽  
MITSUHIRO SATO ◽  
KAZUTO TANAKA ◽  
TSUTAO KATAYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Bone Material ◽  
Bone Material Property ◽  
Bone Trabeculae ◽  
Structural Levels

The increase of patients with osteoporosis is becoming a social problem, thus it is an urgent issue to find its prevention and treatment methods. Since cancellous bone is metabolically more active than cortical bone, cancellous bone is often used for diagnosis of osteoporosis and has received much attention within the study of bone. Bone is a hierarchically structured material and its mechanical properties vary at different structural levels, therefore it is important to break down the mechanical testing of bone according to the various levels within bone material. Mechanical properties of cancellous bone is said to be depended on quantities and orientation of trabecular bone. It is supposed that mechanical properties of trabecular bone are constant without depending on any structural arrangement and parts. However, such assumption has not been established in studies of trabecular bone. Furthermore test results have a large margin of error caused by insufficient shape assessment. In this study, three point bending tests of single cancellous bone trabeculae extracted from bovine femur were conducted to evaluate the effects of directions to the femur major axis direction on the mechanical properties. X-ray μCT was used to obtain shape of trabecular bone specimens. Furthermore compression tests of cancellous bone specimens, which were extracted in 10mm cubic geometry, were conducted for evaluation of directional properties.There were small difference in the elastic modulus of the trabecular bones which were extracted in parallel and in perpendicular to the major axis of femur. Considering from the results that the cancellous bone specimens, which were extracted in 10mm cubic geometry, have different elastic properties depending on the tested directions; the bone structure has larger influence than bone material property on the mechanical properties of cancellous bone.

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