Effects of Different Loading Patterns on the Trabecular Bone Morphology of the Proximal Femur Using Adaptive Bone Remodeling

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mohammad Ali Banijamali ◽  
Ramin Oftadeh ◽  
Ara Nazarian ◽  
Ruben Goebel ◽  
Ashkan Vaziri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Loading Patterns

In this study, the changes in the bone density of human femur model as a result of different loadings were investigated. The model initially consisted of a solid shell representing cortical bone encompassing a cubical network of interconnected rods representing trabecular bone. A computationally efficient program was developed that iteratively changed the structure of trabecular bone by keeping the local stress in the structure within a defined stress range. The stress was controlled by either enhancing existing beam elements or removing beams from the initial trabecular frame structure. Analyses were performed for two cases of homogenous isotropic and transversely isotropic beams. Trabecular bone structure was obtained for three load cases: walking, stair climbing and stumbling without falling. The results indicate that trabecular bone tissue material properties do not have a significant effect on the converged structure of trabecular bone. In addition, as the magnitude of the loads increase, the internal structure becomes denser in critical zones. Loading associated with the stumbling results in the highest density; whereas walking, considered as a routine daily activity, results in the least internal density in different regions. Furthermore, bone volume fraction at the critical regions of the converged structure is in good agreement with previously measured data obtained from combinations of dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and computed tomography (CT). The results indicate that the converged bone architecture consisting of rods and plates are consistent with the natural bone morphology of the femur. The proposed model shows a promising means to understand the effects of different individual loading patterns on the bone density.

Adaptive Bone Remodeling to Capture the Trabecular Bone Morphology of the Proximal Femur

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mohammad Ali Banijamali ◽  
Ramin Oftadeh ◽  
Ashkan Vaziri ◽  
Hamid Nayeb-Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction

In this study, a model of femur which resembles bone natural structure has been developed. The model initially consists of a solid shell representing cortical bone encompassing a cubical network of interconnected rods with circular cross-sections representing trabecular bone part. A computational efficient program has been developed which iteratively changes the structure of trabecular bone by keeping the local stress in the structure within a defined stress range. The stress is controlled by either enhancing existing beam elements or removing beams from the initial trabecular frame structure. Trabecular bone structure is obtained for two load cases: walking and stair climbing. The results show that as the magnitude of the loads increase, the internal structure gets denser in critical zones. The higher density is achieved using loading associated with the stair climbing. Walking which is considered as the routine daily activity, results in the less internal density in different regions of the bone. The results show that the converged bone architecture consisting of rods and plates are consistent with the natural bone morphology of femur. Furthermore, the bone volume fraction at the critical regions of the converged structure is in a good agreement with previously measured data obtained from combinations of Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and Computed Tomography (CT).

Architectural changes of trabecular bone caused by the remodeling process

2005 ◽  
Vol 874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Weinkamer ◽  
Markus A. Hartmann ◽  
Yves Brechet ◽  
Peter Fratzl
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Mechanical Problem ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Trabecular Bone Architecture

AbstractUsing a stochastic lattice model we have studied the architectural changes of trabecular bone occurring while the structure is remodeled. Our model considers the mechanical feedback loop, which control the remodeling process. A fast algorithm was employed to solve approximately the mechanical problem. A general feature of the model is that a networklike structure emerges, which further coarsens while the bone volume fraction remains unchanged. Decreasing the mechanical response of the system by either lowering the external load or the internal mechano-sensitivity leads not only to a reduction of the bone volume fraction, but results in topological changes of the trabecular bone architecture, where the loss of horizontal trabeculae is the most obvious effect.

Bone and muscle development in three inbred female mouse strains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Föger-Samwald ◽  
Maria Papageorgiou ◽  
Katharina Wahl-Figlash ◽  
Katharina Kerschan-Schindl ◽  
Peter Pietschmann
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Trabecular Thickness

AbstractMuscle force is thought to be one of the main determinants of bone development. Hence, peak muscle growth is expected to precede peak bone growth. In this study, we investigated muscle and bone development in female C57BL/6 J, DBA/2JRj, and C3H/HeOuJ mice. Femoral cortical and trabecular bone structure and the weights of selected muscles were assessed at the ages of 8, 16, and 24 weeks. Muscle mass increased from 8 to 24 weeks in all 3 strains, suggesting peak muscle development at 24 weeks or later. Bone volume fraction, trabecular number, and connectivity density of the femur decreased or remained unchanged, whereas trabecular density and trabecular thickness largely increased. These results suggest a peak in trabecular bone accrual at 8 weeks or earlier followed by further increases in density and structural reorganization of trabeculae. Cortical density, cortical thickness, and cortical cross sectional area increased over time, suggesting a peak in cortical bone accrual at 24 weeks or later. In conclusion, our data provide evidence that growth of muscle lags behind trabecular bone accrual.

Impact of Thresholding Techniques on Micro-CT Image Based Computational Models of Trabecular Bone

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Eichler ◽  
Chi Hyun Kim ◽  
Ralph Müller ◽  
X. Edward Guo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Bone Adaptation ◽  
Bone Architecture ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Age-related bone fractures are mostly influenced by trabecular bone sites. Trabecular bone constantly adapts its bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and orientation, and thus its mechanical properties, to mechanical usage. Therefore, understanding the trabecular bone adaptation process and its consequences will contribute to the better understanding of the etiology of age-related fractures. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) is a relatively new method to quantify the complex three-dimensional (3D) trabecular bone architecture [1,2]. Finite element computational studies can be performed on these 3D microstructural images by converting each image voxel into an element [3,4,5]. Image thresholding techniques to segment bone voxels from bone marrow voxels have a major impact on the results of these models. However, the influence of different types of thresholding techniques on the mechanical properties of bone has not been examined carefully.

scholarly journals Increased Bone Volume and Correction of HYP Mouse Hypophosphatemia in the Klotho/HYP Mouse

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 492-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Brownstein ◽  
Junhui Zhang ◽  
Althea Stillman ◽  
Bruce Ellis ◽  
Nancy Troiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Trabecular Bone Density ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Double Knockout ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism

Inactivating mutations of PHEX cause X-linked hypophosphatemia and result in increased circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). FGF23 action is dependent upon Klotho, which converts FGF receptor 1 into an FGF23-specific receptor. Disruption of Klotho results in a complex bone phenotype and hyperphosphatemia, the converse phenotype of X-linked hypophosphatemia. We examined effects of disrupting both Klotho and PHEX by creating a double-knockout (Klotho/HYP) mouse. The combined disruption corrected the hypophosphatemia in HYP mice, indicating that Klotho is epistatic to PHEX. FGF23 levels remained elevated in all groups except wild-type, indicating that Klotho is necessary for FGF23-dependent phosphaturic activity. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D levels, reduced in HYP mice, were comparably elevated in Klotho and Klotho/HYP mice, demonstrating that Klotho is necessary for FGF23’s effect on vitamin D metabolism. Serum PTH levels were reduced in both Klotho and Klotho/HYP mice. Moreover, the Klotho null phenotype persisted in Klotho/HYP, maintaining the runty phenotype and decreased life span of Klotho null mice. Notably, microcomputed tomography analysis demonstrated greater trabecular bone volume fraction in Klotho/HYP mice than that in all other groups (Klotho/HYP, 56.2 ± 6.3%; Klotho, 32.5 ± 10.3%; HYP, 8.6 ± 7.7%; and wild type, 21.4 ± 3.4%; P < 0.004). Histomorphometric analysis confirmed the markedly increased trabecular bone density in Klotho/HYP mice and the well-established increase in osteoid volume in HYP mice. These observations suggest that with addition of Klotho loss of function, the overabundant osteoid typically produced in HYP mice (but fails to mineralize) is produced and mineralized in the double knockout, resulting in markedly enhanced trabecular bone density.

scholarly journals Measurement of trabecular bone parameters with different bone thickness and voxel size in mice using micro CT

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Nurin Nadzlah Abu Bakar ◽  
Basri Saidi ◽  
Lyana Shahirah Mohamad Yamin
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Voxel Size ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Bone Parameters ◽  
Trabecular Separation ◽  
Trabecular Number

Micro-CT is one of the best modalities in assessing bone morphology and microarchitecture in small animal models. Voxel size is directly related to the image resolution as it influences the bone morphology results. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of t different thicknesses of structures on the trabecular bone qualitative parameters. It was also to find out the most appropriate voxel size when scanning a certain or specific body part with different thicknesses. Five BALB-C breed mice carcasses were scanned using two different voxel sizes of 18 and 35 µm. The scanning acquisition times were recorded to be compared and the trabecular bone parameters measurements were taken. Both trabecular number and trabecular separation were increased in thicker structures meanwhile bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness values were inconsistent with the increment of the structure thickness. The bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness and trabecular separation were higher in larger voxel size and vice versa for trabecular number. The scanning acquisition time has no apparent correlation with the trabecular bone parameters. The thickness of the bone structure did affect trabecular number and trabecular separation significantly but less affecting bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness. All trabecular bone parameters were found affected by the size of scanning voxel size used. The usage of 35 µm voxel was more recommended than 18 µm to save time and give out less radiation dose to specimen unless the detailed features of the trabecular pattern was very important.

scholarly journals Gracility of the modern Homo sapiens skeleton is the result of decreased biomechanical loading

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Ryan ◽  
Colin N. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Proximal Femur ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Trabecular Bone Structure ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Age Related

The postcranial skeleton of modern Homo sapiens is relatively gracile compared with other hominoids and earlier hominins. This gracility predisposes contemporary humans to osteoporosis and increased fracture risk. Explanations for this gracility include reduced levels of physical activity, the dissipation of load through enlarged joint surfaces, and selection for systemic physiological characteristics that differentiate modern humans from other primates. This study considered the skeletal remains of four behaviorally diverse recent human populations and a large sample of extant primates to assess variation in trabecular bone structure in the human hip joint. Proximal femur trabecular bone structure was quantified from microCT data for 229 individuals from 31 extant primate taxa and 59 individuals from four distinct archaeological human populations representing sedentary agriculturalists and mobile foragers. Analyses of mass-corrected trabecular bone variables reveal that the forager populations had significantly higher bone volume fraction, thicker trabeculae, and consequently lower relative bone surface area compared with the two agriculturalist groups. There were no significant differences between the agriculturalist and forager populations for trabecular spacing, number, or degree of anisotropy. These results reveal a correspondence between human behavior and bone structure in the proximal femur, indicating that more highly mobile human populations have trabecular bone structure similar to what would be expected for wild nonhuman primates of the same body mass. These results strongly emphasize the importance of physical activity and exercise for bone health and the attenuation of age-related bone loss.

scholarly journals Bone health in spacefaring rodents and primates: systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyan Fu ◽  
Matthew Goldsmith ◽  
Sequoia D. Crooks ◽  
Sean F. Condon ◽  
Martin Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Trabecular Bone Volume ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Induced Changes

AbstractAnimals in space exploration studies serve both as a model for human physiology and as a means to understand the physiological effects of microgravity. To quantify the microgravity-induced changes to bone health in animals, we systematically searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, BIOSIS, and NASA Technical reports. We selected 40 papers focusing on the bone health of 95 rats, 61 mice, and 9 rhesus monkeys from 22 space missions. The percentage difference from ground control in rodents was –24.1% [Confidence interval: −43.4, −4.9] for trabecular bone volume fraction and –5.9% [−8.0, −3.8] for the cortical area. In primates, trabecular bone volume fraction was lower by –25.2% [−35.6, −14.7] in spaceflight animals compared to GC. Bone formation indices in rodent trabecular and cortical bone were significantly lower in microgravity. In contrast, osteoclast numbers were not affected in rats and were variably affected in mice. Thus, microgravity induces bone deficits in rodents and primates likely through the suppression of bone formation.

scholarly journals Biaxial Normal Strength Behavior in the Axial-Transverse Plane for Human Trabecular Bone—Effects of Bone Volume Fraction, Microarchitecture, and Anisotropy

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnav Sanyal ◽  
Tony M. Keaveny
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Elastic Anisotropy ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Mechanical Anisotropy ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Human Trabecular Bone ◽  
Strength Behavior ◽  
Normal Strength

The biaxial failure behavior of the human trabecular bone, which has potential relevance both for fall and gait loading conditions, is not well understood, particularly for low-density bone, which can display considerable mechanical anisotropy. Addressing this issue, we investigated the biaxial normal strength behavior and the underlying failure mechanisms for human trabecular bone displaying a wide range of bone volume fraction (0.06–0.34) and elastic anisotropy. Micro-computed tomography (CT)-based nonlinear finite element analysis was used to simulate biaxial failure in 15 specimens (5 mm cubes), spanning the complete biaxial normal stress failure space in the axial-transverse plane. The specimens, treated as approximately transversely isotropic, were loaded in the principal material orientation. We found that the biaxial stress yield surface was well characterized by the superposition of two ellipses—one each for yield failure in the longitudinal and transverse loading directions—and the size, shape, and orientation of which depended on bone volume fraction and elastic anisotropy. However, when normalized by the uniaxial tensile and compressive strengths in the longitudinal and transverse directions, all of which depended on bone volume fraction, microarchitecture, and mechanical anisotropy, the resulting normalized biaxial strength behavior was well described by a single pair of (longitudinal and transverse) ellipses, with little interspecimen variation. Taken together, these results indicate that the role of bone volume fraction, microarchitecture, and mechanical anisotropy is mostly accounted for in determining the uniaxial strength behavior and the effect of these parameters on the axial-transverse biaxial normal strength behavior per se is minor.

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