scholarly journals Effect of High-Fat Diet upon Inflammatory Markers and Aortic Stiffening in Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Bento Chaves Santana ◽  
Thais Cristina de Souza Oliveira ◽  
Barbara Lobo Bianconi ◽  
Valerio Garrone Barauna ◽  
Ed Wilson Cavalcante Oliveira Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Aortic Stiffening

Changes in lifestyle such as increase in high-fat food consumption are an important cause for vascular diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of ACE and TGF-βin the aorta stiffness induced by high-fat diet. C57BL/6 male mice were divided in two groups according to their diet for 8 weeks: standard diet (ST) and high-fat diet (HF). At the end of the protocol, body weight gain, adipose tissue content, serum lipids and glucose levels, and aorta morphometric and biochemical measurements were performed. Analysis of collagen fibers by picrosirius staining of aorta slices showed that HF diet promoted increase of thin (55%) and thick (100%) collagen fibers deposition and concomitant disorganization of these fibers orientations in the aorta vascular wall (50%). To unravel the mechanism involved, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) were evaluated by protein expression and enzyme activity. HF diet increased MPO (90%) and ACE (28%) activities, as well as protein expression of ACE. TGF-βwas also increased in aorta tissue of HF diet mice after 8 weeks. Altogether, we have observed that the HF diet-induced aortic stiffening may be associated with increased oxidative stress damage and activation of the RAS in vascular tissue.

scholarly journals Swimming Exercise Alleviated Insulin Resistance by Regulating Tripartite Motif Family Protein 72 Expression and AKT Signal Pathway in Sprague-Dawley Rats Fed with High-Fat Diet

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Qi ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Cailing Ren ◽  
Jian Fu ◽  
Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Signal Pathway ◽  
Swimming Exercise ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Family Protein ◽  
Tripartite Motif

We aimed to investigate whether swimming exercise could improve insulin resistance (IR) by regulating tripartite motif family protein 72 (TRIM72) expression and AKT signal pathway in rats fed with high-fat diet. Five-week-old rats were classified into 3 groups: standard diet as control (CON), high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD plus swimming exercise (Ex-HFD). After 8 weeks, glucose infusion rate (GIR), markers of oxidative stress, mRNA and protein expression of TRIM72, protein of IRS, p-AKTSer473, and AKT were determined in quadriceps muscles. Compared with HFD, the GIR, muscle SOD, and GSH-Px were significantly increased (p<0.05, resp.), whereas muscle MDA and 8-OHdG levels were significantly decreased (p<0.05andp<0.01) in Ex-HFD. Expression levels of TRIM72 mRNA and protein in muscles were significantly reduced (p<0.05andp<0.01), whereas protein expression levels of IRS-1, p-AKTSer473, and AKT were significantly increased in Ex-HFD compared with HFD (p<0.01,p<0.01, andp<0.05). These results suggest that an 8-week swimming exercise improves HFD-induced insulin resistance maybe through a reduction of TRIM72 in skeletal muscle and enhancement of AKT signal transduction.

A high-fat diet increases risk of ventricular arrhythmia in female rats: enhanced arrhythmic risk in the absence of obesity or hyperlipidemia

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 933-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Claude Aubin ◽  
Sophie Cardin ◽  
Philippe Comtois ◽  
Robert Clément ◽  
Hugues Gosselin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmia ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Connexin 43 ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat

Obesity increases the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias and impairs wound healing. However, it is presently unknown whether a high-fat diet affects arrhythmic risk or wound healing before the onset of overt obesity or hyperlipidemia. After 8 wk of feeding a high-fat diet to adult female rats, a nonsignificant increase in body weight was observed and associated with a normal plasma lipid profile. Following ischemia/reperfusion injury, scar length (standard diet 0.29 ± 0.09 vs. high-fat 0.32 ± 0.13 cm), thickness (standard diet 0.047 ± 0.02 vs. high-fat 0.059 ± 0.01 cm), and collagen α1 type 1 content (standard diet 0.21 ± 0.04 vs. high-fat 0.20 ± 0.04 arbitrary units/mm2) of infarcted hearts were not altered by the high-fat diet. However, the mortality rate was greatly increased 24 h postinfarction (from 5% to 46%, P < 0.01 for ischemia/reperfusion rats; from 20% to 89%, P < 0.0001, in complete-occlusion rats) in high-fat fed rats, in association with a higher prevalence of ventricular arrhythmias. Ventricular arrhythmia inducibility was also significantly increased in noninfarcted rats fed a high-fat diet. In the hearts of rats fed a high-fat diet, connexin-40 expression was absent, connexin-43 was hypophosphorylated and lateralized, and neurofilament-M immunoreactive fiber density (standard diet 2,020 ± 260 vs. high-fat diet 2,830 ± 250 μm2/mm2) and tyrosine hydroxylase protein expression were increased ( P < 0.05). Thus, in the absence of overt obesity and hyperlipidemia, sympathetic hyperinnervation and an aberrant pattern of gap junctional protein expression and regulation in the heart of female rats fed a high-fat diet may have contributed in part to the higher incidence of inducible cardiac arrhythmias.

scholarly journals Glomerular Collagen Deposition and Lipocalin-2 Expression Are Early Signs of Renal Injury in Prediabetic Obese Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Nora Bukosza ◽  
Tamás Kaucsár ◽  
Mária Godó ◽  
Enikő Lajtár ◽  
Pál Tod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Collagen Deposition ◽  
Lipocalin 2 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Early Signs

Rats fed a high-fat diet with a single streptozotocin (STZ) injection developed obesity, prediabetes, cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. Here we aimed to explore the renal consequences of prediabetes in the same groups of rats. Male Long-Evans rats were fed normal chow (CON; n = 9) or high-fat diet containing 40% lard and were administered STZ at 20 mg/kg (i.p.) at week four (prediabetic rats, PRED, n = 9). At week 21 cardiac functions were examined (Koncsos et al., 2016) and blood and urine samples were taken. Kidney samples were collected for histology, immunohistochemistry and for analysis of gene expression. High-fat diet and streptozotocin increased body weight gain and visceral adiposity, and plasma leptin, elevated fasting blood glucose levels, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, despite hyperleptinemia, plasma C-reactive protein concentration decreased in PRED rats. Immunohistochemistry revealed elevated collagen IV protein expression in the glomeruli, and Lcn2 mRNA expression increased, while Il-1&beta; mRNA expression decreased in both the renal cortex and medulla in PRED vs. CON rats. Kidney histology, urinary protein excretion, plasma creatinine, glomerular Feret diameter, desmin protein expression and cortical and medullary mRNA expression of TGF-&beta;1, Nrf2, PPAR&gamma; were similar in CON and PRED rats. Reduced AMPK&alpha; phosphorylation of the autophagy regulator Akt was the first sign of liver damage, while serum lipid and liver enzyme levels were similar. In conclusion, glomerular collagen deposition and increased lipocalin-2 expression were the early signs of kidney injury, while most biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis were negative in the kidneys of obese, prediabetic rats with mild heart and liver injury.

scholarly journals PO-178 Heat Treatment and Exercise Prevents Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance in Wistar Rats Fed High-Fat Diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiexiu Zhao ◽  
Fei Qin ◽  
Minxiao Xu ◽  
Yanan Dong ◽  
Zhongwei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Combined Exercise

Objective  Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with many related health complications. Previous studies demonstrate that heat and exercise independently reduce IR. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that combined exercise and heating is even more favorable in reducing IR. Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: exercise (NE; n=10), heated (HC; n=10), exercise and heated (HE; n=10), sedentary (NC; n=10), and normal diet plus sedentary (CC; n=10). All but the latter group was fed a high-fat diet (60% calories from fat) for 10 weeks while receiving heat and/or exercise exposure for latter 8 weeks. Following this regimen, protein expression from the soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles, serum, and brown fat were analyzed using Western blotting. Results Exercise combined with heating shifted the metabolic characteristics of rats on a high-fat diet toward that observed in the rats on a standard diet. Specifically, eight weeks of combined heat and endurance exercise increased PGC-1α, CnA, CaMKIV and p38 MAPK protein expression in the soleus (P < 0.05), insulin protein expression in the serum (P < 0.05), and UCP1 protein expression in the brown fat (P < 0.05), when compared to the high fat fed sedentary group. There were some significant differences in responses (i.e., body weight and Leptin & Adiponectin concentrations) between the combined exercise and heat group relative to the exercise alone group. Conclusions  Exercise combined with heat exposure mitigates the development of IR, presumably from the Irisin pathway. The study provides potential non-pharmaceutical methods for therapeutic treatment of IR.

scholarly journals Exercise Affects Blood Glucose Levels and Tissue Chromium Distribution in High-Fat Diet-Fed C57BL6 Mice

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geng-Ruei Chang ◽  
Po-Hsun Hou ◽  
Wen-Kai Chen ◽  
Chien-Teng Lin ◽  
Hsiao-Pei Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat

Obesity is commonly associated with hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes and negatively affects chromium accumulation in tissues. Exercise prevents and controls obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, little information is available regarding chromium changes for regulating glucose homeostasis in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed animals/humans who exercise. Therefore, this study explored the effects of exercise and whether it alters chromium distribution in obese mice. Male C57BL6/J mice aged 4 weeks were randomly divided into two groups and fed either an HFD or standard diet (SD). Each group was subgrouped into two additional groups in which one subgroup was exposed to treadmill exercise for 12 weeks and the other comprised control mice. HFD-fed mice that exercised exhibited significant lower body weight gain, food/energy intake, daily food efficiency, and serum leptin and insulin levels than did HFD-fed control mice. Moreover, exercise reduced fasting glucose and enhanced insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell function, as determined by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-insulin resistance and HOMA-β indices, respectively. Exercise also resulted in markedly higher chromium levels within the muscle, liver, fat tissues, and kidney but lower chromium levels in the bone and bloodstream in obese mice than in control mice. However, these changes were not noteworthy in SD-fed mice that exercised. Thus, exercise prevents and controls HFD-induced obesity and may modulate chromium distribution in insulin target tissues.

scholarly journals Glomerular Collagen Deposition and Lipocalin-2 Expression Are Early Signs of Renal Injury in Prediabetic Obese Rats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Nora Bukosza ◽  
Tamás Kaucsár ◽  
Mária Godó ◽  
Enikő Lajtár ◽  
Pál Tod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Collagen Deposition ◽  
Lipocalin 2 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Early Signs

Rats fed a high-fat diet with a single streptozotocin (STZ) injection developed obesity, prediabetes, cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. Here we aimed to explore the renal consequences of prediabetes in the same groups of rats. Male Long-Evans rats were fed normal chow (CON; n = 9) or high-fat diet containing 40% lard and were administered STZ at 20 mg/kg (i.p.) at week four (prediabetic rats, PRED, n = 9). At week 21 cardiac functions were examined (Koncsos et al., 2016) and blood and urine samples were taken. Kidney samples were collected for histology, immunohistochemistry and for analysis of gene expression. High-fat diet and streptozotocin increased body weight gain and visceral adiposity, and plasma leptin, elevated fasting blood glucose levels, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, despite hyperleptinemia, plasma C-reactive protein concentration decreased in PRED rats. Immunohistochemistry revealed elevated collagen IV protein expression in the glomeruli, and Lcn2 mRNA expression increased, while Il-1&beta; mRNA expression decreased in both the renal cortex and medulla in PRED vs. CON rats. Kidney histology, urinary protein excretion, plasma creatinine, glomerular Feret diameter, desmin protein expression and cortical and medullary mRNA expression of TGF-&beta;1, Nrf2, PPAR&gamma; were similar in CON and PRED rats. Reduced AMPK&alpha; phosphorylation of the autophagy regulator Akt was the first sign of liver damage, while serum lipid and liver enzyme levels were similar. In conclusion, glomerular collagen deposition and increased lipocalin-2 expression were the early signs of kidney injury, while most biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis were negative in the kidneys of obese, prediabetic rats with mild heart and liver injury.

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Anggur Laut terhadap Penurunan Kadar Kolesterol LDL Rattus norvegicus Jantan yang Mendapat Diet Tinggi Lemak

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
RONALDO LAU ◽  
SULISTIANA PRABOWO ◽  
RIAMI RIAMI
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
White Male ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Caulerpa Racemosa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

<p align="justify"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><strong></strong></p><p align="justify"><strong>Background</strong>: High fat diet increase the absorption of lipid in the intestinum, that can lead to increase LDL cholesterol level in the blood. Sea grapes extract (<em>Caulerpa racemosa</em>) contains antioxidant polyphenolic group that can reduce MTP and ACAT-2 in the body that can decrease LDL cholesterol level in the blood.The purpose of this study is to know the effect of sea grapes extract  on decreasing LDL cholesterol of white male Wistar rats (<em>Rattus norvegicus</em>) fed with high fat diet.</p><p align="justify"><strong>Method</strong>:  24 white male Wistar rats, that divided into 3 groups: 1) group of rats fed with standard diet for 28 days; 2) group of rats fed with high fat diet for 28 days; 3) group of rats fed with high fat diet for 28 days and given 10 gram/kg body weight/day of sea grapes extract on 15<sup>th</sup>-28<sup>th</sup> days. Then the blood LDL cholesterol level measured on the 29<sup>th</sup> day.</p><p align="justify"><strong>Result :</strong> One-Way ANOVA Test showed there was significant difference (p=0.004) of LDL level between the group of rats fed with standard diet (12.37 mg/dl) compared to group of rats fed with high fat diet (17.87 mg/dl). There was significant difference (p=0.001) of LDL level between the group of rats fed with high fat diet (17.87 mg/dl) compared to group of rats fed with high fat diet and sea grapes extract (10.12 mg/dl).</p><p align="justify"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>high fat diet significantly increase blood LDL cholesterol level and sea grapes extract (<em>Caulerpa racemosa</em>) significantly decrease blood LDL cholesterol level.</p><p align="justify"> </p><p align="justify"><strong>Keywords :</strong>Sea grapes extract, LDL cholesterol, high fat diet</p>

scholarly journals Extract of Wax Gourd Peel Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia in C57BL/6 Mice via the Inhibition of the PPARγPathway

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Gu ◽  
Shengjie Fan ◽  
Gaigai Liu ◽  
Lu Guo ◽  
Xiaobo Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Wax Gourd

Wax gourd is a popular vegetable in East Asia. In traditional Chinese medicine, wax gourd peel is used to prevent and treat metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. However, there is no experimental evidence to support these applications. Here, we examined the effect of the extract of wax gourd peel (EWGP) on metabolic disorders in diet-induced C57BL/6 obese mice. In the preventive experiment, EWGP blocked body weight gain and lowered serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), liver TG and TC contents, and fasting blood glucose in mice fed with a high-fat diet. In the therapeutic study, we induced obesity in the mice and treated with EWGP for two weeks. We found that EWGP treatment reduced serum and liver triglyceride (TG) contents and fasting blood glucose and improved glucose tolerance in the mice. Reporter assay and gene expression analysis showed that EWGP could inhibit peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ) transactivities and could decrease mRNA levels of PPARγand its target genes. We also found that HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) was downregulated in the mouse liver by EWGP. Our data suggest that EWGP lowers hyperlipidemia of C57BL/6 mice induced by high-fat diet via the inhibition of PPARγand HMGCR signaling.

scholarly journals Differential organ-specific inflammatory response to progranulin in high-fat diet-fed mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maki Murakoshi ◽  
Tomohito Gohda ◽  
Eri Adachi ◽  
Saki Ichikawa ◽  
Shinji Hagiwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Tubular Damage ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Organ Specific

AbstractProgranulin (PGRN) has been reported to bind tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor and to inhibit TNFα signaling. We evaluated the effect of augmentation of TNFα signaling by PGRN deficiency on the progression of kidney injury. Eight-week-old PGRN knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a standard diet or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Albuminuria, markers of tubular damage, and renal mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines were higher in HFD-fed KO (KO-HFD) mice than in HFD-fed WT (WT-HFD) mice. Body weight, vacuolization in proximal tubules, and systemic and adipose tissue inflammatory markers were lower in the KO-HFD mice than in the WT-HFD mice. The renal megalin expression was lower in the KO mice than in the WT mice regardless of the diet type. The megalin expression was also reduced in mouse proximal tubule epithelial cells stimulated with TNFα and in those with PGRN knockdown by small interfering RNA in vitro. PGRN deficiency was associated with both exacerbated renal inflammation and decreased systemic inflammation, including that in the adipose tissue of mice with HFD-induced obesity. Improved tubular vacuolization in the KO-HFD mice might partially be explained by the decreased expression of megalin in proximal tubules.

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