scholarly journals Distribution of Abdominal Obesity and Fitness Level in Overweight and Obese Korean Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Kim ◽  
Ji-Young Kim ◽  
Duk-Chul Lee ◽  
Hye-Sun Lee ◽  
Ji-Won Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Abdominal Adiposity ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Recovery Heart Rate ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Background.Abdominal obesity and its relative distribution are known to differ in association with metabolic characteristics and cardiorespiratory fitness. This study aimed to determine an association between fitness level and abdominal adiposity in overweight and obese adults.Methods.228 overweight and obese individuals were classified as either cardiorespiratory unfit or fit based on their recovery heart rate. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), the visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio (VAT/SAT ratio), and cardiometabolic characteristics were analyzed to examine the relationship between recovery heart rate and abdominal adiposity components.Results.After adjustments for age and sex, significant relationships of recovery heart rate and VAT, SAT, and VAT/SAT ratio were found; however, SAT was not significantly associated after further adjustment for body mass index (BMI) (r=0.045,P=0.499), whereas VAT (r=0.232,P<0.001) and VAT/SAT ratio (r=0.214,P=0.001) remained associated. Through stepwise multiple regression analyses after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, lifestyle factors, mean blood pressure, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, lipid profiles, and hsCRP, recovery heart rate was identified as an independent variable associated with VAT (β=0.204,P<0.001) and VAT/SAT ratio (β=0.163,P=0.008) but not with SAT (β=0.097,P=0.111).Conclusions.Cardiorespiratory fitness level is independently associated with VAT and the VAT/SAT ratio but not with SAT in overweight and obese adults.

701-P: Effects of Exercise on Extracellular Matrix Modifiers in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Obese Adults

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 701-P
Author(s):  
PALLAVI VARSHNEY ◽  
BENJAMIN J. RYAN ◽  
CHIWOON AHN ◽  
MICHAEL W. SCHLEH ◽  
JEFFREY F. HOROWITZ
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

scholarly journals Factors regulating subcutaneous adipose tissue storage, fibrosis, and inflammation may underlie low fatty acid mobilization in insulin-sensitive obese adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (4) ◽  
pp. E429-E439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas W. Van Pelt ◽  
Lisa M. Guth ◽  
Abigail Y. Wang ◽  
Jeffrey F. Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Pathway Activation ◽  
Fatty Acid Release ◽  
Acid Release ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Fatty Acid Mobilization

Although the rate of fatty acid release from adipose tissue into the systemic circulation is very high in most obese adults, some obese adults maintain relatively low rates of fatty acid release, which helps protect them against the development of systemic insulin resistance. The primary aim of this study was to identify factors in adipose tissue that may underlie low vs. high rates of fatty acid mobilization in a relatively homogeneous cohort of obese adults. We measured systemic fatty acid rate of appearance (FA Ra) via 13C-palmitate isotope dilution, and we obtained subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue samples from 30 obese adults (BMI: 38 ± 1 kg/m2, age: 30 ± 2 yr) after an overnight fast. We then measured insulin sensitivity using a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Confirming our previous work, insulin sensitivity was inversely proportional to FA Ra ( R2 = 0.50; P < 0.001). Immunoblot analysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue samples revealed that, compared with obese adults with high FA Ra, those with low FA Ra had lower markers of lipase activation and higher abundance of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, which is a primary enzyme for fatty acid esterification. Microarray and pathway analysis provided evidence of lower fibrosis and lower SAPK/JNK pathway activation in obese adults with low FA Ra compared with those with high FA Ra. Our findings suggest that alterations in factors regulating triglyceride storage in adipose tissue, along with lower fibrosis and inflammatory pathway activation, may underlie maintenance of a relatively low FA Ra in obesity, which may help protect against the development of insulin resistance.

721-P: Exercise Training Alters Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Morphology in Obese Adults Even without Weight Loss

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 721-P
Author(s):  
CHIWOON AHN ◽  
BENJAMIN J. RYAN ◽  
JENNA B. GILLEN ◽  
ALISON LUDZKI ◽  
MICHAEL W. SCHLEH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Tissue Morphology ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Compliance With Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Guidelines and Associations With Abdominal Adiposity in a Sample of Infants and Toddlers From Soweto, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 872-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Prioreschi ◽  
Lisa K. Micklesfield
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Physical Activity Guideline ◽  
Abdominal Adiposity ◽  
Infants And Toddlers ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Background: This study reported compliance with 24-hour physical activity and sedentary behavior guidelines, and associations with adiposity in the first 2 years of life. Methods: Participants (N = 119) were recruited from Soweto, South Africa. Visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue was measured by ultrasound. Participation in 2 movement behaviors (physical activity and sedentary time) was reported by mothers. Differences in adiposity between those meeting each individual guideline, as well as the combination of both movement guidelines, compared with those not meeting the guidelines were assessed. Results: Only 5% of infants met the sedentary guidelines; however, 58% met the physical activity guidelines. Subcutaneous adipose tissue was significantly higher in those meeting the physical activity guideline (0.50 [0.01] vs 0.47 [0.01] cm, P = .03) compared with those not meeting the guideline. Meeting the screen time component of the sedentary guideline was associated with higher visceral adipose tissue (β = 0.96, P < .01), while meeting one guideline compared with meeting none was associated with higher subcutaneous adipose tissue (β = 0.05, P = .01). Conclusions: Most infants and toddlers from this low- to middle-income setting were not meeting sedentary behavior guidelines. Both behaviors were associated with abdominal adiposity, but not with body mass index z score; implying these movement behaviors may impact abdominal fat deposition rather than body size.

scholarly journals Aerobic exercise elevates markers of angiogenesis and macrophage IL-6 gene expression in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of overweight-to-obese adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 1150-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas W. Van Pelt ◽  
Lisa M. Guth ◽  
Jeffrey F. Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Alterations in the inflammatory state, metabolic function, and structure of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) can impact the development of insulin resistance in obesity. Exercise can improve metabolic health in obesity, but the effects of exercise on SAT are not well known. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute exercise and habitual exercise training on mRNA expression of markers of lipid metabolism, inflammation, fibrosis, and hypoxia/angiogenesis in SAT, as well as adipocyte cell size. We recruited overweight-to-obese adults who exercised regularly (ACTIVE: n = 8) or were sedentary (SED: n = 12). The groups were well matched for age (27 ± 1 vs. 24 ± 2 yr), body mass index (29 ± 1 vs. 27 ± 1 kg/m2), and body composition (30 ± 1 vs. 29 ± 1% body fat), but as expected, cardiorespiratory fitness was greater in ACTIVE vs. SED (V̇o2peak: 51 ± 3 vs. 42 ± 1 ml·kg fat-free mass−1·min−1; P = 0.01). Abdominal SAT biopsy samples were obtained before and 1 h after a single session of aerobic exercise (60 min at ~65% V̇o2peak). The exercise session increased SAT mRNA expression of VEGFA, an important regulator of angiogenic processes, in both groups. In addition, SAT from ACTIVE subjects had greater mRNA expression of the endothelial cell marker CD31 compared with SED, which may be a cumulative effect of the transient increases in VEGFA with regular exercise. We also magnetically sorted CD14+ immune cells from SAT samples and found that IL-6 expression was elevated in ACTIVE compared with SED. In conclusion, exercise initiates increases in factors related to angiogenic processes and may promote alterations in macrophage inflammation in SAT. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Acute exercise in overweight/obese adults increased subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) mRNA expression of VEGFA, an important regulator of angiogenesis and capillary growth. In addition, subjects that regularly exercise had elevated SAT CD31 mRNA expression and elevated IL-6 mRNA in adipose tissue macrophages compared with nonexercisers. This study demonstrates that aerobic exercise may alter processes related to whole body metabolic outcomes in obesity, such as angiogenesis and immune response, in the SAT of overweight/obese adults.

scholarly journals Associations of visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue with markers of cardiac and metabolic risk in obese adults

Obesity ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. E439-E447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian J. Neeland ◽  
Colby R. Ayers ◽  
Anand K. Rohatgi ◽  
Aslan T. Turer ◽  
Jarett D. Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Weight loss-induced cellular stress in subcutaneous adipose tissue and the risk for weight regain in overweight and obese adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 894-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
N J T Roumans ◽  
R G Vink ◽  
F G Bouwman ◽  
P Fazelzadeh ◽  
M A van Baak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Cellular Stress ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose
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