scholarly journals The Space-Jump Model of the Movement of Tumor Cells and Healthy Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Meng-Rong Li ◽  
Yu-Ju Lin ◽  
Tzong-Hann Shieh
Keyword(s):  
Random Walk ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Jump Model ◽  
The Future ◽  
Space Limitation

We establish the interaction model of two cell populations following the concept of the random-walk, and assume the cell movement is constrained by space limitation primarily. Furthermore, we analyze the model to obtain the behavior of two cell populations as time is closed to initial state and far into the future.

Role of exosomes in diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-405
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Fontana ◽  
Olga A. Babenko
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
The Future ◽  
Important Direction ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Aim of this letter is to attract the attention of journal readers to the study of exosomes as an important direction in the development of Oncology, in particular, in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Exosomes are produced by tumor cells and regulate proliferation, metastasis, and the development of chemoresistance. Their extraction from biological fluids allows further use of these vesicles as potential biomarkers of prostate cancer. In the future, exosomes can be successfully used in the delivery of drugs and other anti-tumor substances to cancer cells.

Current Study of RhoA and Associated Signaling Pathways in Gastric Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 607-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiping Liu ◽  
Yiqian Liu ◽  
Xiaochuan Zhang ◽  
Xiaodong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Cell Transformation ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Invasion And Metastasis ◽  
Common Cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth-most common cancer in the world, with an estimated 1.034 million new cases in 2015, and the third-highest cause of cancer deaths, estimated at 785,558, in 2014. Early diagnosis and treatment greatly affect the survival rate in patients with GC: the 5‐year survival rate of early GC reaches 90%‐95%, while the mortality rate significantly increases if GC develops to the late stage. Recently, studies for the role of RhoA in the diseases have become a hot topic, especially in the development of tumors. A study found that RhoA can regulate actin polymerization, cell adhesion, motor-myosin, cell transformation, and the ability to participate in the activities of cell movement, proliferation, migration, which are closely related to the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. However, the specific role of RhoA in tumor cells remains to be studied. Therefore, our current study aimed to briefly review the role of RhoA in GC, especially for its associated signaling pathways involved in the GC progression.

108 MCY-M11, a CAR-PBMC cell product transiently expressing a mesothelin targeted mRNA CAR, exhibits desirable functional and immune phenotype attributed to sustained antitumor immunity in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A120-A120
Author(s):  
Sashi Kasimsetty ◽  
Himavanth Gatla ◽  
Dhana Chinnasamy
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Antitumor Immunity ◽  
Memory T Cells ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Epitope Spreading ◽  
Antitumor Response ◽  
Cell Product

BackgroundMCY-M11, an anti-mesothelin CAR (Meso-CAR) mRNA transfected PBMC cell product manufactured through <1 day-process is under clinical evaluation for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer and peritoneal mesothelioma. In this in-vitro study, we characterized the phenotypic and functional status of immune cell populations in MCY-M11 and their possible role in antitumor immunity.MethodsMCY-M11 cell product were generated using unmanipulated healthy donor PBMCs (n=5) by transfection of Meso-CAR mRNA using MaxCyte’s proprietary Flow Electroporation® system. Frozen MCY-M11 cell product was thawed and cultured for 18 hours, then co-cultured with hMSLNneg or hMSLNpos human mesothelioma cell line, MSTO-211H, or stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies in vitro for 8 days. Distinct cell populations in MCY-M11 were evaluated for kinetics and duration of CAR expression, differentiation, activation, exhaustion, and their ability to secrete various immunomodulatory molecules during in vitro stimulation. Antigen-specific proliferation and cytotoxicity of MCY-M11 against hMSLNpos tumor cells as well as their ability to mount long-term antitumor immunity through epitope spreading mechanisms were studied.ResultsIndividual cell populations in MCY-M11 exhibited a consistent but transient Meso-CAR expression persisting for about 7 days. Cell subsets in MCY-M11 acquired early signs of activation and differentiation within 18–24 hours post-culture, but only attained full activation and lineage-specific differentiation upon specific response to hMSLNpos tumor cells. hMSLN antigen experienced MCY-M11 retained significant fractions of Naïve and Central Memory T cells and increased percentage of Effector Memory T cells along with increased expression of CD62L, CD27, and chemokine receptors (CCR5, CCR7, and CXCR3). MCY-M11 exhibited strong antigen-specific cytotoxicity against hMSLNpos tumor cells with corresponding increase in activation and proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets and displayed low or no acquisition of known exhaustion markers. NK cells also exhibited a functionally superior molecular signature exhibiting increased levels of NKG2D, NKp44, NKp46, FAS, and TRAIL. The Monocytes and B cells in MCY-M11 also acquired an activated, differentiated, and mature phenotype, expressing molecules required for antigen presentation (HLA-DR, HLA-ABC, and CD205) and T cell co-stimulation (CD80 and CD86) to mount a strong antitumor response. These phenotypic changes in cell subsets of MCY-M11 transpired with simultaneous secretion of potent immunostimulatory molecules and chemokines facilitating an extended antitumor response through epitope spreading.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that MCY-M11 is a unique cell product possessing a complete built-in immune cellular machinery with favorable phenotype and enhanced functions specialized in mediating an effective and long-term antitumor response.Trial RegistrationNCT03608618

Regularized error function-based extended Kalman filter for estimating the cancer chemotherapy dosage: impact of improved grey wolf optimization

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Utkarsha L. Mohite ◽  
Hirenkumar G. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Error Function ◽  
Drug Dosage ◽  
Parameters Estimation ◽  
Gray Wolf ◽  
Robust Performance ◽  
Parameter Uncertainties ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Robust Controller ◽  
Fine Tune

AbstractObjectivesThe main aim of this work is to introduce a robust controller for controlling the drug dosage.MethodsThe presented work establishes a novel robust controller that controls the drug dosage and it also carried out parameters estimation. Along with this, a Regularized Error Function-based EKF (REF-EKF) is introduced for estimating the tumor cells that could be adapted for different conditions. It also assists in solving the overfitting problems, which occur during the drug dosage estimation. Moreover, the performance of the adopted controller is compared over other conventional schemes, and the attained outcomes reveal the appropriate impact of drug dosage injection on immune, normal, and tumor cells. It is also ensured that the presented controller does a robust performance on the parameter uncertainties. Moreover, to enhance the performance of the proposed system and for fast convergence, it is aimed to fine-tune the initial state of EKF optimally using a new Improved Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO) termed as Adaptive GWO (AGWO). Finally, analysis is held to validate the betterment of the presented model.ResultsThe outcomes, the proposed method has accomplished a minimal value of error with an increase in time, when evaluated over the compared models.ConclusionsThus, the improvement of the proposed REF-EKF-AGWO model is proved from the attained results.

Stem-like tumor cells and proinflammatory cytokines in the ascitic fluid of ovarian cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 297-303
Author(s):  
S. O. Gening ◽  
T. V. Abakumova ◽  
I. I. Antoneeva ◽  
A. A. Rizvanov ◽  
T. P. Gening ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Ascitic Fluid ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Benign Ovarian Tumors ◽  
Number Of Cells

Ovarian cancer (OC) is able to develop implantation metastases in the abdominal cavity. Ascites is potentially useful for evaluating cancer features. The aim of the study was to assess the content of stem-like tumor cells and inflammatory mediators in ascites of OC. The prospective study included 11 patients with primary OC having ascites, 8 patients with benign ovarian tumors having ascites and 22 healthy women. In ascitic fluid obtained by laparocentesis, the populations of tumor stem-like cells were determined on a Cytoflex S` flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, USA) and CytExpert Software using monoclonal antibodies to CD45, CD44 and CD133. The cytokine profiles of ascitic fluid and blood serum (IL-1β, IL-18, IL-4, IL-10 and VEGF) were assessed by ELISA. Stem-like cells were found in all samples. 5 cell populations were evaluated. The number of cells expressing both markers: CD44 + and CD133+, was the lowest. The highest, about 32%, was the number of CD44+ cells. The number of cells CD45-CD44+CD133- in ascites strongly positively correlated with the content of IL-10 in ascites, and the numbers of CD45-CD133+ and CD45-CD44-CD133+ - with the level of VEGF in blood serum. No correlations were found between the numbers of stem-like cells and the disease stage or the level of CA125 in blood. The combination of IL-4 and IL-10 in ascites had the greatest significance in predicting the disease stage. These results suggest a relationship between the levels of VEGF, IL-10, and cancer stem cells in the OC ascites. Stem-like cells in OC ascites are heterogeneous and are present even at an early stage of the disease. It seems promising to study cell populations and cytokine profile of ascites together, to assess the biomarker potential of their combination.

scholarly journals Predicting the future direction of cell movement with convolutional neural networks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shori Nishimoto ◽  
Yuta Tokuoka ◽  
Takahiro G Yamada ◽  
Noriko F Hiroi ◽  
Akira Funahashi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Current Cell ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Direction

SummaryImage-based deep learning systems, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have recently been applied to cell classification, producing impressive results; however, application of CNNs has been confined to classification of the current cell state from the image. Here, we focused on cell movement where current and/or past cell shape can influence the future cell fate. We demonstrate that CNNs prospectively predicted the future direction of cell movement with high accuracy from a single image patch of a cell at a certain time. Furthermore, by visualizing the image features that were learned by the CNNs, we could identify morphological features, e.g., the protrusions and trailing edge that have been experimentally reported to determine the direction of cell movement. Our results indicate that CNNs have the potential to predict the future cell fate from current cell shape, and can be used to automatically identify those morphological features that influence future cell fate.

On a Result of Aleliunas et al. Concerning Random Walks on Graphs

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Palacios
Keyword(s):  
Random Walk ◽  
Random Walks ◽  
Simple Proof ◽  
Hitting Times ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Random Walks On Graphs ◽  
Minimum Number

Aleliunas et al. [3] proved that for a random walk on a connected raph G = (V, E) on N vertices, the expected minimum number of steps to visit all vertices is bounded by 2|E|(N - 1), regardless of the initial state. We give here a simple proof of that result through an equality involving hitting times of vertices that can be extended to an inequality for hitting times of edges, thus obtaining a bound for the expected minimum number of steps to visit all edges exactly once in each direction.

The Future of Public Administration

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Farazmand
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Institutional Failure ◽  
The Future ◽  
Space Limitation

This article addresses the future of public administration as a self-conscious enterprise as well as a field of practice. It discusses four major challenges facing public administration: predatory globalization, institutional failure, poverty of the field, and success of the field, with technology as a fifth challenge, which is not discussed due to space limitation. The article also argues that, ironically, it is these same challenges that can also serve as forces shaping the future of public administration as a theory and practice. A conclusion outlines models suggested by other scholars, and offers new perspectives in favor of the argument advanced here.

scholarly journals A stochastic model for leukocyte random motility and chemotaxis based on receptor binding fluctuations

1988 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
RT Tranquillo ◽  
DA Lauffenburger ◽  
SH Zigmond
Keyword(s):  
Random Walk ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Random Motility ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Directional Bias ◽  
Persistence Time ◽  
Orientation Bias

Two central features of polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemosensory movement behavior demand fundamental theoretical understanding. In uniform concentrations of chemoattractant, these cells exhibit a persistent random walk, with a characteristic "persistence time" between significant changes in direction. In chemoattractant concentration gradients, they demonstrate a biased random walk, with an "orientation bias" characterizing the fraction of cells moving up the gradient. A coherent picture of cell movement responses to chemoattractant requires that both the persistence time and the orientation bias be explained within a unifying framework. In this paper, we offer the possibility that "noise" in the cellular signal perception/response mechanism can simultaneously account for these two key phenomena. In particular, we develop a stochastic mathematical model for cell locomotion based on kinetic fluctuations in chemoattractant/receptor binding. This model can simulate cell paths similar to those observed experimentally, under conditions of uniform chemoattractant concentrations as well as chemoattractant concentration gradients. Furthermore, this model can quantitatively predict both cell persistence time and dependence of orientation bias on gradient size. Thus, the concept of signal "noise" can quantitatively unify the major characteristics of leukocyte random motility and chemotaxis. The same level of noise large enough to account for the observed frequency of turning in uniform environments is simultaneously small enough to allow for the observed degree of directional bias in gradients.

scholarly journals Examination of Random Walk Hypothesis in Beverages Sector of Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Syeda Anam Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Random Walk ◽  
Risk Minimization ◽  
Random Walk Hypothesis ◽  
The Future

The objective of the study is to examine the random walk hypothesis in three largest industries of Pakistan namely, Murree Brewery, Shezan International and Nirala MSR Foods limited. The results show that Bevarges sector do not follow the Random Walk Hypothesis. The results conclude that investors may predict the future outcome of stocks. The risk minimization strategy and profitable mode to purchase share of Shehzan International especially in the start of every month and sell them in end days of month.

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