scholarly journals Wastes to Reduce Emissions from Automotive Diesel Engines

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Jiménez Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Diesel Exhaust ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Mill Waste

The objective of the study was actually the investigation of the effect of various treatments on the ability of urine in absorbing greenhouse gases. Urine alone or mixed with olive-oil-mill waste waters (O), poultry litter (P), or sewage sludge (S) was used on the absorption of CO2 and NOx from diesel exhaust. The absorption coefficient (0.98–0.29 g CO2/grNH4) was similar to other solvents such as ammonia and amines. The ranges of CO2 absorption(1.7–5.6) g/l and NO reduction (0.9–3.7) g/l in six hours indicate that on average 20 litres of urine could be needed to capture CO2 and NOx vehicle emissions from each covered kilometre. The best results of CO2 absorption and NOx reduction were for urine mixed with O, P and urine alone. These wastes could be used to capture CO2 and NOx from automotive diesel engines to reduce gas emissions. The proposed strategy requires further research to increase CO2 absorption and reduce the risks associated with waste-water reuse.

Experimental Study on the Control of Nutrients in Activated Sludge Treatment

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 329-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reijo Saunamäki
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Phosphorus Addition ◽  
Total N ◽  
Mill Waste

Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the need for addition of phosphorus during the treatment of pulp and paper mill waste waters by the activated sludge method. The study also included the testing of different modifications of the activated sludge method (a completely mixed, three completely mixed reactors in series, anaerobic/aerobic) to see how different forms of phosphorus and nitrogen (total-N, NH+4 - N, NO-2 - N, NO-3 - N) are present in the influent and effluent. The tests were conducted using waste water from two newsprint/magazine paper mills and from a bleached sulphate pulp mill. Different loadings and levels of phosphorus addition were applied. When paper mill waste water was treated at normal loading (sludge load was c. 0.3 kgBOD/(kgMLVSS*d)), a small phosphorus addition was needed to secure efficient operation. The optimum BOD:P ratio was about 100:0.4, in which case the treated effluent had a total phosphorus content of c. 0.5 mg/l (about 70% reduction), a soluble phosphorus content of c. 0.3 mg/l and a phosphate phosphorus content of well below 0.1 mg/l. Larger phosphorus additions produced no further improvement in treatment results (BOD reduction c. 90% and COD c. 75%). Doubling the loading gave poorer results and the situation could not be rectified by adding phosphorus. Addition of phosphorus was not needed when treating pulp mill waste water, as has also been found when running activated sludge treatment plants at several mills. The BOD reduction (c. 95%) was excellent under all conditions. The COD reduction was 30-55%, AOX 30-35% and chlorophenols 90-95%. The total phosphorus content of the treated effluent was 0.3-0.7 mg/l when no phosphorus was added. This treatment also resulted in extremely low phosphate phosphorus levels. The biosludge contained 0.5-1.9% phosphorus, 0.5-0.8% when pulp mill waste waters were treated and occasionally around 2% for the paper mill. The experiments showed that it might be possible to operate the pulp mill treatment plant with even less phosphorus in relation to BOD compared with the BOD level of waste waters to which no phosphorus has been added. The mill could consider removing the excess phosphorus originating from lime mud neutralization before the waste water arrives at the treatment plant. In treating both these waste waters there is the risk of really high phosphorus discharges if care is not taken with the phosphorus addition. A typical situation of this type arises if the plant is run on the old "textbook rule" of BOD:P=100:1. The nitrogen was added as urea resulting in the BOD:N ratio of 100:(2.5-4.5). Total-N in the paper mill untreated waste water was in the range of 8.5-13 mg/l and in the effluent 2.5 - 5.0 mg/l, i.e. the removal was 55-75%. NH+4 - N in the influent was in the range of 1.5-3.0 mg/l and was totally removed in most of the runs. The concentration of (NO-2 - N + NO-3 - N) was only 40-50 µg/l, the removal was 0-85 % depending on the conditions. The activated sludge modification "three completely mixed reactors in series" yielded the best results when all parameters were taken into account.

Isolation of a hydroxytyrosol lactone conjugate from olive mill waste water with antioxidant activity

Planta Medica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Vougogiannopoulou ◽  
H Pratsinis ◽  
R Grougnet ◽  
M Halabalaki ◽  
D Kletsas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Olive Mill Waste ◽  
Olive Mill Waste Water ◽  
Mill Waste ◽  
Olive Mill

Effect of Olive Oil Mill Waste Waters on the Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing. Growth and Lignin Degrading Enzymes

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slaven Zjalic ◽  
Anna Adele Fabbri ◽  
Alessandra Ricelli ◽  
Massimo Reverberi ◽  
Emanuela Galli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Medicinal Mushroom ◽  
Lentinus Edodes ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Mill Waste

The new technology of waste water treatment by using bioreactors with bio membranous movable bed – biochips

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-292
Author(s):  
Maria Y. Savostyanova ◽  
◽  
Lidia А. Norina ◽  
Arina V. Nikolaeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Movable Bed

Retaining of water resources quality is one of the global ecological problems of the modern time. The most promising direction in solving the problem of water resources protection is the reduction of negative environmental influence of waste water from production facilities by upgrading the existing water treatment technologies. To treat utility water, technical and rain water from site facilities of Transneft system entities, the specialists developed and approved standard technological diagrams, which are used in producing treatment facilities. The standard technological diagrams provide for all necessary stages of waste water treatment ensures the reduction of pollution level to normal values. However, during operation of treatment facilities it was established, that to ensure the required quality of waste water treatment with initially high levels of pollution, the new technological solutions are necessary. The author presents the results of scientific-research work, in the context of which the best affordable technologies were identified in the area of the treatment of waste water with increased content of pollutants and non-uniform ingress pattern. On the basis of the research results the technical solutions were developed for optimization of operation of existing waste water treatment facilities by means of using combined treatment of technical and rain waters and utility waste waters and applying bioreactor with movable bed – biochips. The use of bioreactor with movable bed allows the increase in the area of active surface, which facilitates increase and retention of biomass. Biochips are completely immersed into waste waters, and biofilm is formed on the entire volume of immersion area, facilitating retention of biomass and preventing formation of sediments. Due to mixing the floating device with biofilm constantly moves along the whole area of bioreactor, and, in doing so, speeds up biochemical processes and uniformity of treatment. The advantages of a bioreactor with movable bed – its active sludge durability against increased and changing pollutant concentrations, change of waste water temperature and simplicity of application – ensured the possibility of its use for blending utility waters, technical and rain waters.

Composting of Sewage Sludge of Moscow Waste Water Treatment Plants Using Recycling Filler

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Danilovich ◽  
M.N. Kozlov ◽  
V.I. Sklyar ◽  
Yu.A. Nikolaev ◽  
N.M. Shchegolkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plants ◽  
The City

This work demonstrates a possibility of composting of municipal waste waters sludge (WWS) digested during 5-7 days, of the Kuryanovo waste water treatment plants (the city of Moscow) without the use of traditional organic additives – sawdust, peat, thatch. As a recycling filler (repeatedly used), enhancing the porosity of the composted mixture, ribbed polyethylene spheres (∅=8 cm) and wood chips (having dimension of 5-10 cm) were used. Composting was performed efficiently in both cases, however, the use of wood ships had technological and economical advantages. The process of composting was carried out during 2-4 weeks and was composed of classical phases of active heating (a rate of 0.2-0.3oC/h was obtained), maintaining of maximum temperature during 1-2 days, and cooling down to the ambient temperature. During the course of composting, a product was obtained, having attractive organoleptic properties, suitable for application in municipal laying-out of greenery.

Public health implications of waste water reuse for fish production

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. El-S. Easa ◽  
M. M. Shereif ◽  
A. I. Shaaban ◽  
K. H. Mancy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Treated Effluent

Public health and safety concerns have traditionally been the main reasons for resisting waste water reuse for fish farming. Potential adverse health effects in such applications could be avoided if the waste is sufficiently treated before reuse. In a full scale demonstration study in Suez, Egypt, about 400 m3/d of raw sewage were treated using a multi-compartment stabilization pond system, for a total residence time from 21-26 days. The treated effluent conformed to WHO guidelines and was used for rearing two types of local fish (tilapia and gray mullet). The produced fish were subjected to an extensive monitoring program. Bacteriological examination revealed that in all samples the fish muscles were free of bacterial contaminants. Nevertheless, low levels of Escherichia coli andAeromonas hydrophila, were isolated from the surface of the fish. Salmonellae, shigellae and staphylococcus aureus were absent from the surface of all the fish sampled. In addition, toxic metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd) were found to be at much lower levels than the international advisory limits for human consumption. It is concluded that fish reared in the treated effluent at Suez Experimental Station is (a) suitable for marketing for human consumption, and (b) it's quality is equal or better than fresh water fish in Egypt.

Discharge of Stable Organic Substances from the Chemical Industries

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åke Undén
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Major Chemical

In a programme started in 1988, the waste water discharges from the major chemical industries in Sweden have been investigated. The primary objectives were to gather information on the major sources of such discharges and to initiate action so as to achieve significant reductions where required. In this paper the investigation programme is presented together with some early conclusions. As could be expected there are no simple common rules for these industries, each effluent should be considered as a separate problem. It was concluded that these waste waters were in most cases more toxic than was acceptable, and that further purifying measures were required in these cases.

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