scholarly journals BioaccessibilityIn Vitroof Nutraceuticals from Bark of SelectedSalixSpecies

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Gawlik-Dziki ◽  
Danuta Sugier ◽  
Dariusz Dziki ◽  
Piotr Sugier
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
Extraction System ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Extractable Compounds

The aim of this study was to investigate and to compare the extractability, bioaccessibility, and bioavailabilityin vitroof antioxidative compounds from bark of selectedSalixspecies:S. alba (SA), S. daphnoides (SD), S. purpurea (SP),andS. daphnoides x purpurea (SDP)hybrid willow clones originating from their natural habitats and cultivated on the sandy soil. The highest amount of phenolic glycosides was found in the bark ofSDPandSD. The best source of phenolics was bark ofSDP. The highest content of flavonoids were found inSDbark samples, whereas the highest concentration of bioaccessible and bioavailable phenolic acids was determined inSDPbark. Bark of all testedSalixspecies showed significant antiradical activity. This properties are strongly dependent on extraction system and genetic factors. Regardless ofSalixgenotypes, the lowest chelating power was found for chemically-extractable compounds. Bark of allSalixspecies contained ethanol-extractable compounds with reducing ability. Besides this, high bioaccessibility and bioavailabilityin vitroofSalixbark phytochemicals were found. Obtained results indicate that extracts from bark testedSalixgenotypes can provide health promoting benefits to the consumers; however, this problem requires further study.

scholarly journals Sprouts vs. Microgreens as Novel Functional Foods: Variation of Nutritional and Phytochemical Profiles and Their In vitro Bioactive Properties

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 4648
Author(s):  
Aneta Wojdyło ◽  
Paulina Nowicka ◽  
Karolina Tkacz ◽  
Igor Piotr Turkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Butyrylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Profiles

The aim of the study was to analyze potential health-promoting and nutritional components (polyphenols, L-ascorbic acid, carotenoids, chlorophylls, amino acids, organic acid, sugars, ash and pectins) of selected sprouts (radish, lentil, black medick, broccoli, sunflower, leek, beetroot, mung beans) and microgreens (kale, radish, beetroot, green peas, amaranth). Moreover, antioxidant capacity (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)), in vitro anti-diabetic potential (inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase), and anti-obesity (pancreatic lipase) and anti-cholinergic (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) activity were evaluated. The results of this study show that sprouts are effective in antioxidant capacity as a result of a high content of polyphenols and L-ascorbic acid. Additionally, sprouts are better sources of amino acids, pectins and sugars than microgreens. Microgreens were characterized by high content of carotenoids and chlorophylls, and organic acid, without any sugars, exhibiting higher anti-diabetic and anti-cholinergic activity than sprouts. Some selected sprouts (broccoli, radish, lentil) and microgreens (radish, amaranths, kale) should be used daily as superfoods or functional food.

scholarly journals Biology, cultivation, and medicinal functions of the mushroom Hericium erinaceum

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sławomir Sokół ◽  
Iwona Golak-Siwulska ◽  
Krzysztof Sobieralski ◽  
Marek Siwulski ◽  
Katarzyna Górka
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Edible Fungus ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Hericium Erinaceum

<em>Hericium erinaceum</em> (Bull.: Fr.) Pers. is an edible fungus of great significance in medicine. It is rarely found in Europe, in contrast, it is common in Japan and North America. Its fruitbodies have been well-known for hundreds of years in traditional Chinese medicine and cuisine. A cradle of <em>H. erinaceum</em> cultivation is Asia. In Eastern Europe is rare in natural habitats, but can be successfully cultivated. Both fruitbodies and mycelia are rich in active, health promoting substances. Tests of substances extracted from this mushroom carried out on animals and in vitro have given good results. They can be used in the treatment of cancer, hepatic disorders, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, wound healing. They improve cognitive abilities, support the nervous and immune systems. Promising results have been reported in clinical trials and case reports about the human treatment (e.g., recovery from schizophrenia, an improvement of the quality of sleep, alleviation of the menopause symptoms). The subject of this paper is to summarize information about the development of mycelium, the best conditions for cultivation of fruitbodies, bioactive substances and their use in medicine.

scholarly journals Polyphenols and Sesquiterpene Lactones from Artichoke Heads: Modulation of Starch Digestion, Gut Bioaccessibility, and Bioavailability following In Vitro Digestion and Large Intestine Fermentation

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Rocchetti ◽  
Gianluca Giuberti ◽  
Franco Lucchini ◽  
Luigi Lucini
Keyword(s):  
Large Intestine ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
High Bioavailability

Artichoke is a relevant source of health-promoting compounds such as polyphenols and sesquiterpene lactones. In this study, the bioaccessibility and gut bioavailability of artichoke constituents were evaluated by combining in vitro digestion and large intestine fermentation, metabolomics, and Caco-2 human intestinal cells model. Moreover, the ability of artichoke polyphenols to modulate the in vitro starch digestibility was also explored. An untargeted metabolomic approach based on liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight (UHPLC/QTOF) mass spectrometry coupled with multivariate statistics was used to comprehensively screen the phytochemical composition of raw, digested, and fermented artichoke. Overall, a large abundance of phenolic acids and sesquiterpene lactones was detected, being 13.77 and 11.99 mg·g−1, respectively. After 20 h of in vitro large intestine fermentation, a decrease in polyphenols and sesquiterpene lactones content was observed. The most abundant compounds characterizing the raw material (i.e., chlorogenic acid and cynaropicrin equivalents) showed an average % bioaccessibility of 1.6%. The highest % bioaccessibility values were recorded for flavonoids such as anthocyanin and flavone equivalents (on average, 13.6%). However, the relatively high bioavailability values recorded for flavonols, phenolic acids, and sesquiterpene lactones (from 71.6% up to 82.4%) demonstrated that these compounds are able to be transported through the Caco-2 monolayer. The phenolic compounds having the highest permeation rates through the Caco-2 model included low molecular weight phenolics such as tyrosol and 4-ethylcatechol; the isoflavonoids 3′-O-methylviolanone, equol 4′-O-glucuronide, and hydroxyisoflavone; together with the methyl and acetyl derivatives of glycosylated anthocyanins. Therefore, although human in vivo confirmatory trials are deemed possible, current findings provide insights into the mechanistic effects underlying artichoke polyphenols and sesquiterpenoids bioavailability following gastrointestinal and large intestine processes.

scholarly journals Composition and In Vitro Effects of Cultivars of Humulus lupulus L. Hops on Cholinesterase Activity and Microbial Growth

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Kobus-Cisowska ◽  
Daria Szymanowska-Powałowska ◽  
Oskar Szczepaniak ◽  
Dominik Kmiecik ◽  
Monika Przeor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Common hop (Humulus lupulus L.) has significant health-promoting properties. Hop cones contain resins, essential oils, proteins, polyphenols, lipids, waxes, and cellulose. Hop extracts include bioactive compounds such as polyphenolic compounds (phenolic acids, and flavonols), and chlorophylls. The aim of this study was to compare the pro-health potential of hop cone extracts obtained from three cultivars (Magnum, Lubelski, and Marynka). The results showed that the cones of Magnum cultivar demonstrated the highest biological activity. The sum of phenolic acids and flavonols in ethanol extract was the highest for this variety and was equal 4903.5 µg/g dw. Ethanol extracts of Magnum cultivars showed the highest degree of iron ion chelation (55.43–88.76%) as well as the activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (4.75 mmol Tx/g dw). Hop cone extracts as cholinesterase inhibitors showed high potential for aqueous variants. In terms of antimicrobial activity, all investigated extracts demonstrated strong inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, with the Magnum cultivar showing the strongest inhibition. Owing to the biofunctional features of hop cone, it can be concluded that it is an attractive raw material with pro-health potential that can be used much more widely in food technology. However, it should be noted that toxicological tests and in vitro tests must be carried out before the raw material is used in food production.

scholarly journals Anticancer Potential and Capsianosides Identification in Lipophilic Fraction of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 3097
Author(s):  
Barbara Chilczuk ◽  
Beata Marciniak ◽  
Anna Stochmal ◽  
Łukasz Pecio ◽  
Renata Kontek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Red Pericarp

This study aimed to determine the health-promoting properties of sweet pepper by comparing the activity of fractions with variable lipophilicity. Fractions from red pericarp: aqueous (F1), 40% MeOH (F2), and 70% MeOH (F3) were analyzed for antiradical activity (with DPPH• and ABTS+•), and the contents of total phenolic compounds (TP), flavonoids (TF), and dihydroxycinnamic acids (TDHCA). The anticancer potential of the fractions was evaluated in vitro using different cancer cell lines: human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) and PC-3 (prostate cancer cell). Fibroblast-like cells of L929 obtained from subcutaneous adipose tissue of mouse were used as normal cells. The highest content of TP, TF, and TDHCA along with the strongest antiradical activity was observed for fraction F2, while the strongest anticancer properties against PC-3 were observed in fraction F3. Fraction F3 primarily contained capsianoside derivatives, which had been isolated through chromatographic methods and identified by spectral methods. These analyses helped in identifying 8 compounds, including 3 new compounds.

scholarly journals Viburnum opulus L.—A Review of Phytochemistry and Biological Effects

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3398
Author(s):  
Dominika Kajszczak ◽  
Małgorzata Zakłos-Szyda ◽  
Anna Podsędek
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Viburnum Opulus ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
North Asia ◽  
Health Promoting

Viburnum opulus (VO) is a valuable decorative, medicinal, and food plant. This deciduous shrub is found in natural habitats in Europe, Russia, and some regions in North Africa and North Asia. The VO is traditionally used to treat aliments such as cough, colds, tuberculosis, rheumatic aches, ulcers, stomach, and kidney problems, among others. Many of the health-promoting properties of VO are associated with antioxidant activity, which has been demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The results of in vitro studies show the antimicrobial potential of VO, especially against Gram-positive bacteria. In cell-based studies, VO demonstrated anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, osteogenic, cardio-protective, and cytoprotective properties. The applicability of VO in the treatment of urinary tract diseases, endometriosis, and some cancers has been confirmed in in vivo studies. The health benefits of VO result from the presence of bioactive components such as phenolic compounds, vitamin C, carotenoids, iridoids, and essential oils. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the botanical characteristics, chemical compositions, including bioactive compounds, and pro-health properties of VO different morphological parts.

Bestimmung der DNA-Schädigung in vitro

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S64-S68
Author(s):  
E. Dikomey
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Cell Inactivation ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Break Repair

SummaryIonising irradiation acts primarily via induction of DNA damage, among which doublestrand breaks are the most important lesions. These lesions may lead to lethal chromosome aberrations, which are the main reason for cell inactivation. Double-strand breaks can be repaired by several different mechanisms. The regulation of these mechanisms appears be fairly different for normal and tumour cells. Among different cell lines capacity of doublestrand break repair varies by only few percents and is known to be determined mostly by genetic factors. Knowledge about doublestrand break repair mechanisms and their regulation is important for the optimal application of ionising irradiation in medicine.

Inhibition by Phenol and Phenolic Acids of Platelet Release Reaction

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (02) ◽  
pp. 334-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felisa C. Molinas
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Release Reaction ◽  
Contributory Factors ◽  
Adp Release ◽  
Platelet Release

SummaryIt has been postulated that the high phenol and phenolic acids plasmatic levels found in patients with chronic renal failure are contributory factors in the abnormal platelet function described in these patients. This hypothesis was corroborated by “in vitro” studies showing the deleterious effect of these compounds on certain platelet function after pre-incubation of PRP with phenol and phenolic compounds. The present studies were conducted to determine the influence of phenolic compounds on platelet release reaction. It was found that phenol inhibited from 62.5 to 100% the effect of the aggregating agents thrombin, adrenaline and ADP on platelet 5-HT-14C release. The phenolic acids p-, m-, and o-HPAA inhibited from 36.35 to 94.8% adrenaline and ADP-induced platelet 5-HT-14C release. Adrenaline-induced platelet ADP release was inhibited from 27.45 to 38.10% by the phenolic compounds. These findings confirm the hypothesis that phenolic compounds interfere with platelet function through the inhibition of the release reaction.

Phenolic Acids Exert Anticholinesterase and Cognition-Improving Effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Szwajgier ◽  
Ewa Baranowska-Wojcik ◽  
Kamila Borowiec
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Amyloid Β Peptide ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Aβ Fibrils

Numerous authors have provided evidence regarding the beneficial effects of phenolic acids and their derivatives against Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this review, the role of phenolic acids as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is discussed, including the structure-activity relationship. In addition, the inhibitory effect of phenolic acids on the formation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) fibrils is presented. We also cover the in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies concerning the prevention and treatment of the cognitive enhancement.

scholarly journals Phytochemicals of Minthostachys diffusa Epling and Their Health-Promoting Bioactivities

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Immacolata Faraone ◽  
Daniela Russo ◽  
Lucia Chiummiento ◽  
Eloy Fernandez ◽  
Alka Choudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Health Promoting

The genus Minthostachys belonging to the Lamiaceae family, and is an important South American mint genus used commonly in folk medicine as an aroma in cooking. The phytochemical-rich samples of the aerial parts of Minthostachys diffusa Epling. were tested for pharmacological and health-promoting bioactivities using in vitro chemical and enzymatic assays. A range of radical scavenging activities of the samples against biological radicals such as nitric oxide and superoxide anion and against synthetic 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals, the ferric reducing antioxidant power and the lipid peroxidation inhibition were determined and ranked using the ‘relative antioxidant capacity index’ (RACI). The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest RACI of +1.12. Analysis of the various fractions’ inhibitory ability against enzymes involved in diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), and against enzymes associated with Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s diseases (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) also suggested that the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction showed more than 30 polyphenolic compounds, including triterpenes. The inhibitory cholinesterase effects of the triterpenes identified from M. diffusa were further analysed by in silico docking of these compounds into 3D-structures of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. This is the first study on pharmacological activities and phytochemical profiling of the aerial parts of M. diffusa, showing that this plant, normally used as food in South America, is also rich in health-promoting phytochemicals.

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