scholarly journals Determination ofβ-Galactooligosaccharides by Liquid Chromatography

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Austin ◽  
Thierry Bénet ◽  
Julien Michaud ◽  
Denis Cuany ◽  
Philippe Rohfritsch
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
New Method ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Infant Formulae ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Aoac Official ◽  
Measurement Uncertainties ◽  
Aoac Official Method

Beta-galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are oligosaccharides normally produced industrially by transgalactosylation of lactose. They are also present naturally in the milk of many animals including humans and cows. GOS are thought to be good for health, being potential prebiotic fibres, and are increasingly added to food products. In order to control the GOS content of products, the AOAC official method 2001.02 was developed. However, the method has some shortcomings and in particular is unsuited to the analysis of products containing high levels of lactose such as infant formula. To overcome this problem, we developed a new method for application to infant formula and tested it on various GOS ingredients as well as infant formulae. When applied to GOS ingredients the results of the new method compare well with those of the official AOAC method, typically giving results in the range 90–110% of those of the official method and having an expanded measurement uncertainty of less than 15%. For three products, the results were outside this range (recoveries of 80–120% and expended measurement uncertainties up to 20%). When applied to the analysis of infant formula, recoveries were in the range of 92–102% and the expanded measurement uncertainties were between 4.2 and 11%.

scholarly journals Determination of Nitrogen Solubility in Dilute Pepsin Hydrochloric Acid Solution of Fishmeal: Interlaboratory Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1374-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric L Miller ◽  
Anthony P Bimbo ◽  
David E Walters ◽  
Stuart M Barlow ◽  
Berni Sheridan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Solubility ◽  
New Method ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
Aoac Official ◽  
Aoac Official Method

Abstract A revised method to determine solubility of nitrogen in dilute pepsin, using 0.0002% pepsin in place of 0.2% in AOAC Official Method 971.09, was tested in 16 laboratories with 12 samples of fishmeal. Results were calculated according to 2 procedures: AOAC Official Method 971.09 and a method described in 1964 by researchers at the Torry Research Station (Aberdeen, Scotland), and generally referred to as the modified Torry method. Variations in the method of shaking and source of pepsin were also investigated. Pepsin solubility values were lower and more variable when calculated by the Torry procedure. The method of shaking apparently affected the result when calculated according to the Torry but not the AOAC method. The source of pepsin had no significant effect on between-laboratory variability, but a comparison of the 2 main sources within one laboratory resulted in highly significant differences. Based on this study, the International Fishmeal and Fish Oil Organization has adopted this new method, using 0.0002% pepsin but keeping the AOAC method of calculation. The type of shaker and source of pepsin are recommended but are not mandatory. The repeatability and reproducibility limits of this new method are 1.6 and 3.3% units of solubility, respectively.

Allyl Isothiocyanate in Mustard Seed

1970 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Average Recovery ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Aoac Official ◽  
Mustard Seeds ◽  
Column Preparation ◽  
Aoac Official Method

Abstract A new GLC method for the determination of allyl isothiocyanate in mustard seed was compared to a method of the Midwest Research Institute and to a combination of the AOAC official method and the proposed method. Twelve collaborators compared the AOAC method and the GLC method, using whole mustard seeds. Each collaborator assayed three seed portions by both methods. The range, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation are less for each seed portion by the proposed than by the official method. The average recovery value of allyl isothiocyanate in the prepared standard solutions is lower, using the proposed GLC procedure, but seed assay values are significantly and consistently higher for each seed portion when compared with the results for the AOAC method. Reports from the collaborators also indicate that the proposed method is rugged, as the GLC column preparation was subjected to many changes. It is recommended that the GLC method be adopted as official first action.

scholarly journals Comparative Validation Study to Demonstrate the Equivalence of a Minor Modification to AOAC Method 997.03 [Visual Immunoprecipitate (VIP®) for Listeria] to the Reference Culture Methods

2008 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip T Feldsine ◽  
David E Kerr ◽  
George S Shen ◽  
Andrew H Lienau
Keyword(s):  
Official Method ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Environmental Surfaces ◽  
Environmental Surface ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Aoac Official ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Comparative Validation ◽  
Aoac Official Method

Abstract The Visual Immunoprecipitate (VIP®) for the Detection of Listeria in Foods and Environmental Surfaces, AOAC Official Method 997.03, has been modified to use a simplified housing for the device. A methods comparison study was conducted to demonstrate the equivalence of this modification to the reference culture methods. Two food matrixes and one environmental surface were analyzed. In total, valid results were obtained from 145 samples and controls. Results showed that the modified VIP for Listeria spp. is equivalent to the reference culture methods for the detection of Listeria.

Identification of Frozen, Cooked Shellfish Species by Agarose Isoelectric Focusing

1983 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Kate Wiggin ◽  
Judith Krzynowek
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Aoac Official ◽  
Gel Preparation ◽  
Cooked Meats ◽  
Aoac Official Method

Abstract A modification of the AOAC official method for generic identification of cooked and frozen crabmeat was investigated in an experiment in which the cooked meats of a variety of shellfish were identified. The modification, substituting agarose for polyacrylamide as the gel medium, has many advantages over the official method, including ease of gel preparation, nontoxic reagents, and rapid focusing. Results indicate that the modified method is easier to use and that identifications of cooked shellfish species can be made as readily as with the current AOAC method.

scholarly journals Extension of AOAC Official Method 996.01 to the Analysis of Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1846 and Infant Formulas

2001 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 805-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subramaniam Satchithanandam ◽  
Jan Fritsche ◽  
Jeanne I Rader
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Standard Reference Material ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Powdered Infant Formula ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Aoac Official ◽  
Aoac Official Method

Abstract There is currently no official method for the analysis of fatty acids (including trans fatty acids) in infant formulas. AOAC Official Method 996.01 for Fat Analysis in Cereal Products was extended to the analysis of milk-based infant formula Standard Reference Material (SRM)1846 to determine its applicability for use with infant formulas. Following the analysis of SRM 1846, 2 infant formulas, one milk-based liquid and one soy-based powdered infant formula, were analyzed for total fatty acid composition. Fatty acid methyl esters were prepared and analyzed by gas chromatography. The results of the analysis of SRM 1846 show that the mean analyzed values were highly reproducible as indicated by low coefficients of variation (CV). The CVs were <5% for the major fatty acids. Mean analyzed values for individual fatty acids in SRM 1846 were within ± 1 standard deviation of the certificate values. The analyzed value for total fat as triglycerides (26.27 ± 0.25%) agreed well with the certificate value (27.1 ± 0.59%). Analyses of infant formulas showed that the concentrations of linoleic acid and fat meet the requirements for such formulas.

scholarly journals Comparative Validation Study to Demonstrate the Equivalence of a Minor Modification to AOAC Method 999.09 Visual Immunoprecipitate (VIP®) for Salmonella Method to the Reference Culture Method

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 1426-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip T Feldsine ◽  
David E Kerr ◽  
George Shen ◽  
Andrew H Lienau
Keyword(s):  
Culture Method ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Aoac Official ◽  
A Minor ◽  
And Control ◽  
Comparative Validation ◽  
Aoac Official Method

Abstract The Visual Immunoprecipitate (VIP®) for the Detection of Salmonella in Foods, AOAC Official Method 999.09, has been modified to change the color of the test and control lines of the device. A methods comparison study was conducted to demonstrate the equivalence of this modification to the reference culture method. Three foods were analyzed. In total, there were valid results from 155 samples and controls. Results showed that the modified VIP Gold® for Salmonella is equivalent to the reference culture methods for the detection of Salmonella.

scholarly journals Single-Laboratory Validation of AOAC Official Method 2011.10 for Vitamin B12 in ‘Indian’ Infant and Pediatric Formulas and Adult Nutritionals

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Priti N Amritkar ◽  
Laxman Gujar ◽  
Ashutosh Kumar Mittal ◽  
Anand Sheshadri ◽  
Rajesh Girdhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Aoac Official ◽  
Indian Infant ◽  
Single Laboratory ◽  
Aoac Official Method

Abstract Background: Ensuring the quality of infant and pediatric formulas and adult nutritionals is of utmost importance for the health and safety of rapidly urbanizing Indian population. B12 is an important water-soluble vitamin, which is fortified externally in such nutritional formulations. The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has a recommended microbiological assay–based method for determination of vitamin B12 that is not precise and accurate enough to meet the label claim requirements of infant, adult, and/or pediatric nutritionals. The AOAC Official Method 2011.10 was originally developed under the AOAC Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals (SPIFAN) for the determination of vitamin B12 in infant and pediatric formulas and adult nutritionals. However, those SPIFAN matrixes did not contain malt and other indigenous cereal and legume flour (with or without cocoa powder), which are commonly found in Indian formulations. Thus, there is a need to replace this method with a more precise and accurate method. Objective: This study was undertaken to validate the AOAC Official Method 2011.10 on vitamin B12 in ‘Indian’ infant and pediatric formulas and adult nutritionals. Methods: The single-laboratory validation (SLV) of AOAC Method 2011.10 was carried out as per the AOAC Guidelines in six Indian pediatric and adult nutritional formulas to verify its fitness for purpose. Cobalamin in the sample was converted to cyanocobalamin on treatment with potassium cyanide. The sample was then subjected to clean up through a C18 cartridge. Vitamin B12 in the eluted extract was separated from other components using size-exclusion column chromatography followed by a C18 column. The HPLC analysis was carried out at 550 nm. Results: Diastase treatment and C18 solid-phase extraction cleanup satisfactorily removed the matrix interference. The relative standard deviation of the determined values in 30 samples each from 6 selected Indian products and NIST SRM 1849a was <20%. The average recoveries for the spiked recovery samples ranged from 91.75 to 101.14%. Conclusions: Method 2011.10 met the standard method performance requirements set forth by the AOAC SPIFAN. Therefore, we recommend the Method 2011.10 for adoption as the BIS official method for the analysis of vitamin B12 in ‘Indian’ infant and pediatric formulas and adult nutritionals. Highlights: This was the first SLV project that the AOAC India section undertook to extend the scope of the AOAC Method 2011.10 for vitamin B12 analysis by validating it in ‘Indian’ infant and pediatric formulas and adult nutritionals.

scholarly journals Comparative Validation Study to Demonstrate the Equivalence of a Minor Modification to AOAC Method 996.09 [Visual Immunoprecipitate (VIP®) for E. coli O157:H7] to the Reference Culture Methods

2008 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-364
Author(s):  
Philip T Feldsine ◽  
David E Kerr ◽  
George S Shen ◽  
Andrew H Lienau
Keyword(s):  
Culture Method ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Aoac Official ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Comparative Validation ◽  
Aoac Official Method

Abstract The Visual Immunoprecipitate (VIP®)for the Detection of E. coli O157:H7 in Foods, AOAC Official Method 996.09, has been modified to use a simplified plastic housing for the device. A methods comparison study was conducted to demonstrate the equivalence of this modification to the reference culture method. Three foods were analyzed. In total, valid results were obtained from 240 samples and controls. Results showed that the VIP for E. coli O157:H7 is equivalent to the reference culture methods for the detection of E. coli O157:H7.

scholarly journals Extension of AOAC Official Method 999.14 (Choline in Infant Formula and Milk) to the Determination of Choline in Dietary Supplements

2004 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 1297-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne I Rader ◽  
Carol M Weaver ◽  
Mary W Trucksess
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Aoac Official ◽  
Aoac Official Method

Abstract AOAC Official Method 999.14 is applicable for the determination of choline in milk and infant formulas. To date, its use has not been extended beyond these matrixes. We modified Official Method 999.14 and applied it to the determination of choline in a range of choline-containing dietary supplements. Dietary supplement tablets, capsules, wafers, softgels, liquid products, and drink powders were included. We found that the standard curve could be extended to cover a wider range of choline concentrations and defined a procedure for the use of Norit for samples in which the vitamin C content was high enough to interfere with the analysis. Recoveries of choline added to infant formula powders and to representative dietary supplement tablets, capsules, powdered drink mix, and wafer products were 85–114%. The use of Norit during the procedure did not affect the recovery of choline added to infant formula powders or to dietary supplements. An alkaline digestion was included for use with a product containing lecithin as the sole source of choline.

scholarly journals Improvement in the Reliability of AOAC Official Method 2012.15 for Iodine

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 673-676
Author(s):  
Naoto Hieda ◽  
Yoshihiro Ikeuchi ◽  
Ichirou Matsuno
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Intermediate Precision ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Aoac Official ◽  
Aoac Official Method

Abstract Background: Reliable measurements of iodine are essential for ensuring the qualityof infant formula. The AOAC Official Method 2012.15 for iodine tends to produce higher results in the presence of carbon remaining in the final test solution after digestion with alkaline dissolution. This is partly because of the lack of countermeasures for signal enhancement induced by coexisting carbon in Method 2012.15. Objective: To obtain more reliable values for infant formulas, we undertook an experiment. Methods: We modified the protocol by addingcarbon in the form of methanol to both the standardsolutions and the final test solutions. Comparisonsof the enhancement factor for iodine-127 were usedto find the optimized concentration of methanol from0–10%. Results: Optimization of the additional carbon showed that a 5% methanol minimum was necessary for a constant ratio of iodine. The results exhibited good linearity (coefficient of determination >0.999), and the LOQ was 0.19 μg/100 g for the reconstituted final product with a methanol concentration of 5%. The intermediate precision RSD was <3.76%, and the recovery factor was 97.5–104.2% for infant formula distributed in several countries and a special formula distributed in Japan. Conclusions: This demonstrates that 5% methanol, when addedto standard and final solutions, acts as an effective matrix matching agent. Highlights: This modified method produces more accurate iodine quantification in infant formulas and special formulas in which there is incomplete digestion of the matrix.

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