scholarly journals Differential Expression of Immunogenic Proteins on VirulentMycobacterium tuberculosisClinical Isolates

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Schierloh ◽  
Laura Klepp ◽  
Camila Vazquez ◽  
Roxana Valeria Rocha ◽  
Federico Carlos Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Immunogenic Proteins

Molecular epidemiology has revealed thatMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb), formerly regarded as highly conserved species, displays a considerable degree of genetic variability that can influence the outcome of the disease as well as the innate and adaptive immune response. Recent studies have demonstrated thatMtbfamilies found worldwide today differ in pathology, transmissibility, virulence, and development of immune response. By proteomic approaches seven proteins that were differentially expressed between a local clinical isolate from Latin-American-Mediterranean (LAM) and from Haarlem (H) lineages were identified. In order to analyze the immunogenic ability, recombinant Rv2241, Rv0009, Rv0407, and Rv2624c proteins were produced for testing specific antibody responses. We found that these proteins induced humoral immune responses in patients with drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tuberculosis with substantial cross-reactivity among the four proteins. Moreover, such reactivity was also correlated with anti-Mtb-cell surface IgM, but not with anti-ManLAM, anti-PPD, or anti-Mtb-surface IgG antibodies. Therefore, the present results describe newMtbantigens with potential application as biomarkers of TB.

Adaptive Immune Response to Mycobacterium abscessus Complex and Cross-Reactivity of BCG Vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan Marrichi Mauch ◽  
Peter Østrup Jensen ◽  
Tavs Qvist ◽  
Mette Kolpen ◽  
Claus Moser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Mycobacterium Abscessus ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Adaptive Immune

scholarly journals Modelling cross-reactivity and memory in the cellular adaptive immune response to influenza infection in the host

2017 ◽  
Vol 413 ◽  
pp. 34-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada W.C. Yan ◽  
Pengxing Cao ◽  
Jane M. Heffernan ◽  
Jodie McVernon ◽  
Kylie M. Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Adaptive Immune

scholarly journals Stochastic Model of the Adaptive Immune Response Predicts Disease Severity and Captures Enhanced Cross-Reactivity in Natural Dengue Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung D. Nguyen ◽  
Sidhartha Chaudhury ◽  
Adam T. Waickman ◽  
Heather Friberg ◽  
Jeffrey R. Currier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Stochastic Model ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Severe Manifestation

The dengue virus circulates as four distinct serotypes, where a single serotype infection is typically asymptomatic and leads to acquired immunity against that serotype. However, the developed immunity to one serotype is thought to underlie the severe manifestation of the disease observed in subsequent infections from a different serotype. We developed a stochastic model of the adaptive immune response to dengue infections. We first delineated the mechanisms initiating and sustaining adaptive immune responses during primary infections. We then contrasted these immune responses during secondary infections of either a homotypic or heterotypic serotype to understand the role of pre-existing and reactivated immune pathways on disease severity. Comparison of non-symptomatic and severe cases from heterotypic infections demonstrated that overproduction of specific antibodies during primary infection induces an enhanced population of cross-reactive antibodies during secondary infection, ultimately leading to severe disease manifestations. In addition, the level of disease severity was found to correlate with immune response kinetics, which was dependent on beginning lymphocyte levels. Our results detail the contribution of specific lymphocytes and antibodies to immunity and memory recall that lead to either protective or pathological outcomes, allowing for the understanding and determination of mechanisms of protective immunity.

scholarly journals Quercetin effects on adaptive immune response in experimental periodontitis of bacterial-immune genesis

Pharmacia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-882
Author(s):  
Andrii Demkovych ◽  
Yurii Bondarenko ◽  
Vitaliy Shcherba ◽  
Vitalii Luchynskyi ◽  
Volodymyr Vitkovskyy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Experimental Periodontitis

In the article was studied the effects of flavonol quercetin on indices of adaptive immune response in experimental animals on the 14th day of the experimental bacterial-immune periodontitis development. Indices of immune protection were determined by the relative number of lymphocytes with CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, CD16+ and immunoregulatory index (CD4+ / CD8+) in intact animals and on the 14th day of inflammatory process development in periodontal tissues as well as the therapeutic effects of flavonol quercetin. As a result of the study, characterized changes associated with the activity of both the cell-mediated and humoral-immune response were found, both in the development of experimental periodontitis, and apply of flavonol. In particular, there was an increase in the animal’s blood relative amount of CD8+, CD16+ cells on the 14th day, and content of CD3+, CD4+, CD19+ was decreased. In this case, the immunoregulatory index (CD4+ / CD8+) as an important index of immunological activity was decreased. The apply of flavonol quercetin in the period development of bacterial-immune periodontitis animals functional activity of the T-cell line of the immune system was increased, as evidenced percentage increase of B- and T-cells due to T-helper cells decrease as well as T-killers content during this period of inflammatory reaction in the periodontal complex, in comparison with animals, which were not treated.

scholarly journals Basophils and Mast Cells in COVID-19 Pathogenesis

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2754
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Murdaca ◽  
Mario Di Gioacchino ◽  
Monica Greco ◽  
Matteo Borro ◽  
Francesca Paladin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Th2 Cell ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules

Basophils and mast cells are among the principal inducers of Th2 responses and have a crucial role in allergic and anti-parasitic protective immunity. Basophils can function as antigen-presenting cells that bind antigens on their surface and boost humoral immune responses, inducing Th2 cell differentiation. Their depletion results in lower humoral memory activation and greater infection susceptibility. Basophils seem to have an active role upon immune response to SARS-CoV-2. In fact, a coordinate adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is magnified by basophils. It has been observed that basophil amount is lower during acute disease with respect to the recovery phase and that the grade of this depletion is an important determinant of the antibody response to the virus. Moreover, mast cells, present in a great quantity in the nasal epithelial and lung cells, participate in the first immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Their activation results in a hyperinflammatory syndrome through the release of inflammatory molecules, participating to the “cytokine storm” and, in a longer period, inducing pulmonary fibrosis. The literature data suggest that basophil counts may be a useful prognostic tool for COVID-19, since their reduction is associated with a worse prognosis. Mast cells, on the other hand, represent a possible therapeutic target for reducing the airway inflammation characteristic of the hyperacute phase of the disease.

scholarly journals Immunoreactive peptide maps of SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nischay Mishra ◽  
Xi Huang ◽  
Shreyas Joshi ◽  
Cheng Guo ◽  
James Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Peptide Maps

AbstractSerodiagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is impeded by immunological cross-reactivity among the human coronaviruses (HCoVs): SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, OC43, 229E, HKU1, and NL63. Here we report the identification of humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 peptides that may enable discrimination between exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and other HCoVs. We used a high-density peptide microarray and plasma samples collected at two time points from 50 subjects with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by qPCR, samples collected in 2004–2005 from 11 subjects with IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-1, 11 subjects with IgG antibodies to other seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoV), and 10 healthy human subjects. Through statistical modeling with linear regression and multidimensional scaling we identified specific peptides that were reassembled to identify 29 linear SARS-CoV-2 epitopes that were immunoreactive with plasma from individuals who had asymptomatic, mild or severe SARS-CoV-2 infections. Larger studies will be required to determine whether these peptides may be useful in serodiagnostics.

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