scholarly journals Characterization and Quantification of Compounds in the Hydroalcoholic Extract of the Leaves fromTerminalia catappaLinn. (Combretaceae) and Their Mutagenic Activity

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco José Mininel ◽  
Carlos Sérgio Leonardo Junior ◽  
Lívia Greghi Espanha ◽  
Flávia Aparecida Resende ◽  
Eliana Aparecida Varanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Calibration Standard ◽  
Hyphenated Techniques ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
External Calibration ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mutagenic Effects ◽  
C Nmr

Terminaliais a genus of Combretaceous plants widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Thus, the aim of this study was to quantify the majority compounds of the hydroalcoholic extract (7 : 3, v/v) of the leaves fromT. catappaby HPLC-PDA, chemically characterize by hyphenated techniques (HPLC-ESI-IT-MSn) and NMR, and evaluate its mutagenic activity by theSalmonella/microsome assay onS. typhimuriumstrains TA98, TA97a, TA100, and TA102. The quantification of analytes was performed using an external calibration standard. Punicalagin is the most abundant polyphenol found in the leaves. The presence of this compound as a mixture of anomers was confirmed using HPLC-PDA and1H and13C NMR. Mutagenic activity was observed in strains TA100 and TA97a. As the extract is a complex mixture of punicalagin, its derivatives, and several other compounds, the observed mutagenicity may be explained in part by possible synergistic interaction between the compounds present in the extract. These studies show that mutagenic activity ofT. catappain the Ames test can only be observed when measured at high concentrations. However, considering the mutagenic effects observed forT. catappa, this plant should be used cautiously for medicinal purposes.

scholarly journals Mutagenic effects of selected trichothecene mycotoxins and their combinations with aflatoxin B1

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Šmerák ◽  
I. Bárta ◽  
Z. Polívková ◽  
J. Bártová ◽  
M. Sedmíková
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
Strong Mutagen ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Aflatoxin B ◽  
Mutagenic Effects

The authors focused on the amplification of data on the mutagenicity of selected trichothecene mycotoxins (T-2 toxin, vomitoxin) and their combination with aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>,which is known to be a strong mutagen. Mutagenic activity was investigated using the Ames test in a prokaryote model at low doses (close to 0.1 LD<sub>50</sub>). Whereas the individual trichothecene mycotoxins (T-2 toxin, vomitoxin) did not show any mutagenic activity in the test systems mentioned, in combination with AFB<sub>1</sub>, or as a combination of all three mycotoxins, they showed a mutagenic effect significantly greater than AFB<sub>1</sub> alone in the Ames test (in strain TA98 at all concentrations) as well as in the micronucleus test (combination of T-2 toxin with AFB<sub>1</sub>).

scholarly journals Mutagenic activity of quaternary ammonium salt derivatives of carbohydrates

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1434-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Dmochowska ◽  
Karol Sikora ◽  
Anna Woziwodzka ◽  
Jacek Piosik ◽  
Beata Podgórska
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salt ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Hydrocarbon Chain ◽  
Luminescence Assay ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
C Nmr

This paper presents a study on a series of quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) derivatives of glucopyranosides with an elongated hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain. The new N-[6-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)hexyl]ammonium bromides and their O-acetyl derivatives were analyzed via 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The mutagenic activity of the newly synthesized QAS was investigated using two different techniques: The Vibrio harveyi luminescence assay and the Ames test. The obtained results support previous findings contesting QAS safety and indicate that QAS, specifically pyridinium derivatives, might be mutagenic.

scholarly journals N-Nitroso Compounds and Mutagens in Chinese Fermented (Sour) Corn Pancakes

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 1052-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank D Groves ◽  
Haleem Issaq ◽  
Stephen Fox ◽  
Alan M Jeffrey ◽  
John Whysner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomach Cancer ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Nitroso Compounds ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Mutagenic Response ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Volatile Nitrosamines

Abstract Stomach cancer rates in rural Linqu County, Shandong Province, China, are exceptionally high. A previous case-control study revealed that the risk of stomach cancer was 30%higher among those who consumed sour (fermented) corn pancakes at least daily. A previous study of the sour pancakes reported volatile nitrosamines in most specimens, and almost half reportedly showed mutagenic activity. Few households currently consume sour pancakes, and the duration of fermentation has been shortened. We tested specimens of pancake batter and sour pancakes from Linqu County for mutagenic activity using the Ames test; for N-nitroso compounds (NOC) we used the Nitrolite–thermal energy analysis (TEA) method. Results of the Ames test were inconclusive: only 1 out of 15 cooked pancakes showed a positive mutagenic response, and all 15 batter specimens were negative; however, several batter specimens showed a weakly positive trend of mutagenicity with extract concentration. Our assay for total nitroso compounds was weakly positive in only 1 out of 15 specimens of sour pancake batter. That specimen was also tested by gas chromatography–TEA for nitrosaminoacids and volatile nitrosamines, but none were detected. It seems unlikely that the Chinese sour pancakes are significantly contaminated by NOC or other mutagens.

scholarly journals Anti-mutagenic and synergistic cytotoxic effect of cisplatin and Honey Bee venom on 4T1 invasive mammary carcinoma cell line

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faranak Shiassi Arani ◽  
Latifeh Karimzadeh ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Ghafoori ◽  
Mohammad Nabiuni
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Bee Venom

ABSTRACTHoney Bee Venom has various biological activities such as inhibitory effect on several types of cancer. Cisplatin is an old and potent drug to treat the most of cancer. Our aims in this study were determination of the anti-mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of HBV on mammary carcinoma, lonely and in combination with cisplatin. In this study 4T1 cell line were cultured and incubated at 37 C in humidified CO2-incubator. The cell viabilities were examined by MTT assay. Also HBV was screened for its anti-mutagenic activity against sodium azide by Ames test. The result showed that 6μg/ml HBV, 20μg/ml cisplatin and 6μg/ml HBV with 10μg/ml cisplatin can induce an approximately 50% 4T1 cell death. 7mg/ml HBV with the inhibition of 62.76% sodium azide showed high potential in decreasing the mutagenic agents. MTT assay demonstrated that HBV and cisplatin can cause cell death in a dose-dependent manner. The cytotoxic effect of cisplatin is also promoted by HBV. Ames test results indicated that HBV can inhibit sodium azide as a mutagenic agent. Anti-mutagenic activity of HBV was increased significantly in presence of S9 mix. Hence, our findings reveal that HBV can enhance the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin drug and it has cancer preventing effects.

scholarly journals Assessment of mutagenic activity of toxic waste polygon (Kalush) soil’s chemical pollution by the level of cytogenetic disorders in Triticum aestivum L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
V. F. Valyuk ◽  
R. A. Yakymchuk ◽  
L. Yu. Sobolenko ◽  
S. I. Sorokina
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
High Concentrations

Aim. To study the frequency and spectrum of cytogenetic disorders in Triticum aestivum L. with prolonged action on soil xenobiotic seeds of toxic waste storage areas and to explore the level of their mutagenic activity in comparison with the action of NMS’s moderate and high concentrations. Methods. Cytogenetic disorders induced by soil’s chemical contamination of toxic waste landfill of Dombrovsky Quarry dump (Kalush city) and influence of NMS’s moderate and high concentrations were determined in the cells of the meristem root using the ana-thelophase method. Results. Soil’s chemical contamination of the studied objects exhibits high mutagenic activity, which exceeds the control level by 1.8–3.8 times and does not yield to the mutagenic activity of NMS’s moderate concentrations. The high frequency of chromosomal aberrations at the low concentration of hexachlorobenzene in the soil of the Dombrovsky Quarry dumps is a consequence of its complex interaction with natural mineral compounds of the mountain chemical raw materials. Conclusions. The increasing of the spectrum of cytogenetic disorders induced by chemical soil contamination the proportion of bridges and the chromosomal rings testify radiomimetic properties of the mutagenic factors. The increasing of the number of cells with multiple aberrations indicates a high genotoxicity of hexachlorobenzene and the risk of serious genetic consequences in the case of falling it’s into the environment. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., toxic waste, mitosis disorders, chromosomal aberrations, mutagenic activity.

scholarly journals STUDY OF MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY NANO- AND MICROPARTICLES IN THE AMES TEST (SALMONELLA / MICROSOME)

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-460
Author(s):  
Lyudmila V. Akhaltseva ◽  
V. S. Zhurkov ◽  
L. P. Sycheva ◽  
O. N. Savostikova ◽  
A. V. Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Substitution Mutations ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Introduction. One of the important steps in assessing the nanoparticles (NP) safety is the analysis of mutagenic activity, including the evaluation of gene, chromosomal, and genomic mutations. Material and methods. The purpose of this investigation is to study the ability of different NP aqueus suspensions and the same compounds in microforms to unduce gene mutations in Salmonella/microsome test (Ames test). Anatase titanium dioxide NP coated with simethicone (33.16 ± 16.7 nm, 5-50000 μg/ml), magnetite NP coated with silicate (10 nm, 0.92-575 μg/ml), silver NP coated with аrabian gum (14 ± 0.2 nm, 5-50000 μg/ml), aluminum hydroxide nanofibres (50-70 nm, 24-3000 μg/ml) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Taunit MWСNTs, outer diameter 15-40 nm, inner diameter 3-8 nm, length 2 and more microns, 5-50000 μg/ml). In parallel, the mutagenic activity of equivalent microparticles was evaluated in experiments. Ames test (Salmonella/microsomes) registers gene mutations induced by a different mechanism of action, in the variant with preincubation. A set of Salmonella typhimurium indicator strains: TA 100 (base pair substitution mutations), TA 98 and TA 97 (mutations of the frameshift type of the genetic code) were used. Using addition the S9 microsomal activating mixture during the experiment makes it is possible to determine the effect not only of the substances themselves, but also of their metabolites. Conclusion. The investigated nanomaterials as well as their micro analogs in the studied dose range did not induce gene mutations in the Ames test both in presence and absence microsomal activating mixture.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of plant and bacterial test systems in detecting of mutagenic effects of oil pollution

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Petimat M Djambetova ◽  
Nina V Reutova
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Mutagenic Effect ◽  
Test System ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Plant Test ◽  
Mutagenic Effects ◽  
By Products

The plant test system soybean (Glycine max. (L.) Merill) line T219 turned out to be more sensitive than standart Ames test for evaluation of the mutagenic effect of soil, contaminated by products of combustion and domestic cottage processing of oil. It is preferable to use plant test systems for such investigations because they are more sensitive, simple and inexpensive in comparison with microbial ones.

scholarly journals Structural Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter in Permafrost Peatland Lakes

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3059
Author(s):  
Diogo Folhas ◽  
Armando C. Duarte ◽  
Martin Pilote ◽  
Warwick F. Vincent ◽  
Pedro Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Microbial Decomposition ◽  
Thermokarst Lakes ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Thermokarst lakes result from the thawing of ice-rich permafrost and are widespread across northern landscapes. These waters are strong emitters of methane, especially in permafrost peatland regions, where they are stained black by high concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM). In the present study, we aimed to structurally characterize the DOM from a set of peatland thermokarst lakes that are known to be intense sites of microbial decomposition and methane emission. Samples were collected at different depths from three thermokarst lakes in the Sasapimakwananisikw (SAS) River valley near the eastern Hudson Bay community of Kuujjuarapik–Whapmagoostui (Nunavik, Canada). Samples were analyzed by spectrofluorometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and elemental analysis. Fluorescence analyses indicated considerable amounts of autochthonous DOM in the surface waters of one of SAS 1A, indicating a strong bioavailability of labile DOM, and consequently a greater methanogenic potential. The three lakes differed in their chemical composition and diversity, suggesting various DOM transformations phenomena. The usefulness of complementary analytical approaches to characterize the complex mixture of DOM in permafrost peatland waters cannot be overlooked, representing a first step towards greater comprehension of the organic geochemical properties of these permafrost-derived systems.

scholarly journals Metabolic Capability of Penicillium oxalicum to Transform High Concentrations of Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2479
Author(s):  
Darío Rafael Olicón-Hernández ◽  
Maite Ortúzar ◽  
Clementina Pozo ◽  
Jesús González-López ◽  
Elisabet Aranda
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Penicillium Oxalicum ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes ◽  
Batch Bioreactor ◽  
Metabolic Capability ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
High Concentrations

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and analgesics are two of the most employed drug groups around the world due to their use in the treatment of edema and pain. However, they also present an ecological challenge because they are considered as potential water pollutants. In this work, the biodegradation of four NSAIDs (diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen and ketoprofen) and one analgesic (acetaminophen) at 50 µM (initial concentration) by Penicillium oxalicum, at both flask and bioreactor bench scales, was evaluated. An important co-metabolic mechanism as part of the global bioremediation process for the elimination of these drugs was observed, as in some cases it was necessary to supplement glucose to achieve a 100% removal rate: both individually and as a complex mixture. Identical behavior in the implementation of a fluidized bench-scale batch bioreactor, inoculated with pellets of this fungus and the complex mix of the drugs, was observed. The role of the cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) in the biodegradation of the drugs mix were evidenced by the observation of hydroxylated by-products. The results on the reduction of toxicity (micro and phyto) were not conclusive; however, a reduction in phytotoxicity was detected.

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