scholarly journals A Review on Recycling of Sunflower Residue for Sustaining Soil Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash Babu ◽  
D. S. Rana ◽  
G. S. Yadav ◽  
Raghavendra Singh ◽  
S. K. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Alternative Practices ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Selection Of

Modern agriculture is now at the crossroads ecologically, economically, technologically, and socially due to soil degradation. Critical analysis of available information shows that problems of degradation of soil health are caused due to imbalanced, inadequate and promacronutrient fertilizer use, inadequate use or no use of organic manures and crop residues, and less use of good quality biofertilizers. Although sizeable amount of crop residues and manure is produced in farms, it is becoming increasingly complex to recycle nutrients, even within agricultural systems. Therefore, there is a need to use all available sources of nutrients to maintain the productivity and fertility at a required level. Among the available organic sources of plant nutrients, crop residue is one of the most important sources for supplying nutrients to the crop and for improving soil health. Sunflower is a nontraditional oil seed crop produced in huge amount of crop residue. This much amount of crop residues is neither used as feed for livestock nor suitable for fuel due to low energy value per unit mass. However, its residue contains major plant nutrients in the range from 0.45 to 0.60% N, 0.15 to 0.22% P, and 1.80 to 1.94% K along with secondary and micronutrients, so recycling of its residue in the soil may be one of the best alternative practices for replenishing the depleted soil fertility and improving the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil in the present era of production. However, some researchers have reported allelopathic effects of sunflower residue on different crops. So, selection of suitable crops and management practices may play an important role to manage the sunflower residue at field level.

scholarly journals The effect of crop residues, cover crops, manures and nitrogen fertilization on soil organic carbon changes in agroecosystems: a synthesis of reviews

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 929-952
Author(s):  
Martin A. Bolinder ◽  
Felicity Crotty ◽  
Annemie Elsen ◽  
Magdalena Frac ◽  
Tamás Kismányoky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Residue Retention

Abstract International initiatives are emphasizing the capture of atmospheric CO2 in soil organic C (SOC) to reduce the climatic footprint from agroecosystems. One approach to quantify the contribution of management practices towards that goal is through analysis of long-term experiments (LTEs). Our objectives were to analyze knowledge gained in literature reviews on SOC changes in LTEs, to evaluate the results regarding interactions with pedo-climatological factors, and to discuss disparities among reviews in data selection criteria. We summarized mean response ratios (RRs) and stock change rate (SCR) effect size indices from twenty reviews using paired comparisons (N). The highest RRs were found with manure applications (30%, N = 418), followed by aboveground crop residue retention and the use of cover crops (9–10%, N = 995 and 129), while the effect of nitrogen fertilization was lowest (6%, N = 846). SCR for nitrogen fertilization exceeded that for aboveground crop residue retention (233 versus 117 kg C ha−1 year−1, N = 183 and 279) and was highest for manure applications and cover crops (409 and 331 kg C ha−1 year−1, N = 217 and 176). When data allows, we recommend calculating both RR and SCR because it improves the interpretation. Our synthesis shows that results are not always consistent among reviews and that interaction with texture and climate remain inconclusive. Selection criteria for study durations are highly variable, resulting in irregular conclusions for the effect of time on changes in SOC. We also discuss the relationships of SOC changes with yield and cropping systems, as well as conceptual problems when scaling-up results obtained from field studies to regional levels.

Productivity, economics and soil fertility of soybean - safflower croppingsystem in response to nutrient management practices

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Padmavathi ◽  
I. Y.L.N Murthy ◽  
M. Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Mineral N

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of nutrient management practices on the performance of soybean - safflower sequence in Vertisols. The safflower equivalent yield (2418 kg/ha-1); gross returns (Rs. 53196/ha-1); net returns (Rs 33734/ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.8) were significantly superior either with the application of NPK to the system + 5 t FYM/ha to safflower; or NPK to the system + soybean residues to safflower; or NPK to the system + both crop residues. Similar trend was also observed with respect to soil health indicators viz., soil respiration (108 mg C/g soil/10 days), microbial biomass C (284 mg C/g soil), microbial biomass N (41.9 mg N/g soil), mineral N (13.8 mg N/g soil) and net N mineralization (5.4 mg N/g soil/ 10 days). Significant improvement was observed in terms of PGPR and Trichoderma sp were found when NPK + crop residues were applied to the system.

Legume and gramineous crop residues stimulate distinct soil bacterial populations during early decomposition stages

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Diouf ◽  
E. Baudoin ◽  
L. Dieng ◽  
K. Assigbetsé ◽  
A. Brauman
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
Total Bacterial Community ◽  
Soil Bacterial ◽  
Selection Of

This study characterized the genetic structure of the active soil bacterial populations involved in the decomposition of maize and soybean residues over 3 d. Significant compositional differences between the total bacterial community and its active component were observed that were residue specific, suggesting that residue management should be further evaluated as a driver of soil C cycle through selection of bacterial populations.Key words: 16S rRNA DGGE, active bacterial community, organic matter, crop residue

scholarly journals Effect of Crop Residues Management on Soil Properties and Crop Productivity of Rice-wheat System in Inceptisols of Seemanchal Region of Bihar

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rama Kant Singh ◽  
Girijesh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
S. K. Singh ◽  
Reeta Singh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Crop Residue Management

A field experiment was carried out at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Katihar, Bihar in jurisdiction of Bihar Agricultural University Sabour, Bhagalpur during 2014 to 2018 with the objective to find out suitable crop residue management option under rice- wheat cropping system in Inceptisols of Seemanchal area of Bihar. The results after four years clearly indicates that the crop residue management practices involving  incorporation of residues improved favorably and significantly the soil properties such as bulk density, infiltration rate, mean weight diameter, aggregate stability, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, bacterial and fungal population, enzyme dehydrogenase and phosphatase activity in the soil and increased the grain yields of rice and wheat crop in the system over removal or burning of crop residue practices. Due to increased availability of readily decomposable organic matter in the form of crop residue and freshly incorporated green manure, the microbial population increased dramatically when crop residues are incorporated in the soil which might be responsible for increased enzyme phosphatase and dehydrogenase activity, decrease in bulk density, increase in granulation and aggregation and thus infiltration rate. The incorporation of crop residues with or without green manuring found promising for the environmental friendly and effective utilization of the crop residues under prevailing rice wheat system in this area.

Managing soil health and crop productivity in potato: a challenging test system

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Shane M. Powell ◽  
John E. McPhee ◽  
Geoff Dean ◽  
Sue Hinton ◽  
Leigh A. Sparrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Test System ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Complex Concept ◽  
Potato Crops

Maintaining the health, and therefore productivity, of agricultural soils is vital for continued sustainable agricultural production to support the world’s growing population. Potatoes are grown in a variety of agro-ecological systems and are one of the most important food crops worldwide. Potato crops are demanding on the soil with significant heavy machinery traffic, intensive tillage operations and high inputs of fertiliser, pesticides and water. Maintaining or improving soil health can therefore be challenging for growers. This review considers the different aspects of soil health in a potato production context, how to measure them and how they can be influenced by management practices. Soil health is a complex concept encompassing the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil and their role in ecosystem services and the growth of plants. Although our understanding of soil health and its impact on crop productivity has improved in the last 30 years, many knowledge gaps remain.

scholarly journals Management of Crop Residues for Improving Input Use Efficiency and Agricultural Sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9808
Author(s):  
Sukamal Sarkar ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
Saikat Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Crop Residue Management ◽  
Input Use ◽  
The Impact

Crop residues, the byproduct of crop production, are valuable natural resources that can be managed to maximize different input use efficiencies. Crop residue management is a well-known and widely accepted practice, and is a key component of conservation agriculture. The rapid shift from conventional agriculture to input-intensive modern agricultural practices often leads to an increase in the production of crop residues. Growing more food for an ever-increasing population brings the chance of fast residue generation. Ecosystem services from crop residues improve soil health status and supplement necessary elements in plants. However, this is just one side of the shield. Indecorous crop residue management, including in-situ residue burning, often causes serious environmental hazards. This happens to be one of the most serious environmental hazard issues witnessed by the agricultural sector. Moreover, improper management of these residues often restrains them from imparting their beneficial effects. In this paper, we have reviewed all recent findings to understand and summarize the different aspects of crop residue management, like the impact of the residues on crop and soil health, natural resource recycling, and strategies related to residue retention in farming systems, which are linked to the environment and ecology. This comprehensive review paper may be helpful for different stakeholders to formulate suitable residue management techniques that will fit well under existing farming system practices without compromising the systems’ productivity and environmental sustainability.

scholarly journals Influence of crop management practices on bean foliage arthropods

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Pereira ◽  
M.C. Picanço ◽  
E.J.G. Pereira ◽  
A.A. Silva ◽  
A. Jakelaitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Empoasca Kraemeri ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCrop management practices can affect the population of phytophagous pest species and beneficial arthropods with consequences for integrated pest management. In this study, we determined the effect of no-tillage and crop residue management on the arthropod community associated with the canopy of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Abundance and species composition of herbivorous, detritivorous, predaceous and parasitoid arthropods were recorded during the growing seasons of 2003 and 2004 in Coimbra County, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Arthropod diversity and guild composition were similar among crop management systems, but their abundance was higher under no-tillage relative to conventional cultivation and where residues from the preceding crop were maintained in the field. Thirty-four arthropod species were recorded, and those most representative of the impact of the crop management practices were Hypogastrura springtails, Empoasca kraemeri and Circulifer leafhoppers, and Solenopsis ants. The infestation levels of major insect-pests, especially leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), was on average seven-fold lower under no-tillage with retention of crop residues relative to the conventional system with removal of residues, whereas the abundance of predatory ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and springtails (Collembola: Hypogastruridae) were, respectively, about seven- and 15-fold higher in that treatment. Importantly, a significant trophic interaction among crop residues, detritivores, predators and herbivores was observed. Plots managed with no-tillage and retention of crop residues had the highest bean yield, while those with conventional cultivation and removal of the crop residues yielded significantly less beans. This research shows that cropping systems that include zero tillage and crop residue retention can reduce infestation by foliar insect-pests and increase abundance of predators and detritivores, thus having direct consequences for insect pest management.

scholarly journals Crop Residue Burning in India: Policy Challenges and Potential Solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 832 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bhuvaneshwari ◽  
Hiroshan Hettiarachchi ◽  
Jay Meegoda
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Crop Residue Burning ◽  
The Government

India, the second largest agro-based economy with year-round crop cultivation, generates a large amount of agricultural waste, including crop residues. In the absence of adequate sustainable management practices, approximately 92 seems a very small number of metric tons of crop waste is burned every year in India, causing excessive particulate matter emissions and air pollution. Crop residue burning has become a major environmental problem causing health issues as well as contributing to global warming. Composting, biochar production and mechanization are a few effective sustainable techniques that can help to curtail the issue while retaining the nutrients present in the crop residue in the soil. The government of India has attempted to curtail this problem, through numerous measures and campaigns designed to promote sustainable management methods such as converting crop residue into energy. However, the alarming rise of air pollution levels caused by crop residue burning in the city of Delhi and other northern areas in India observed in recent years, especially in and after the year of 2015, suggest that the issues is not yet under control. The solution to crop residue burning lies in the effective implementation of sustainable management practices with Government interventions and policies. This manuscript addresses the underlying technical as well as policy issues that has prevented India from achieving a long-lasting solution and also potential solutions that have been overlooked. However, effective implementation of these techniques also requires us to look at other socioeconomic aspects that had not been considered. This manuscript also discusses some of the policy considerations and functionality based on the analyses and current practices. The agricultural waste sector can benefit immensely from some of the examples from other waste sectors such as the municipal solid waste (MSW) and wastewater management where collection, segregation, recycling and disposal are institutionalized to secure an operational system. Active stakeholder involvement including education and empowerment of farmers along with technical solutions and product manufacturing can also assist tremendously. Even though the issue of crop residue burning touches many sectors, such as environment, agriculture, economy, social aspects, education, and energy, the past governmental efforts mainly revolved around agriculture and energy. This sectorial thinking is another barrier that needs to be broken. The government of India as well as governments of other developing countries can benefit from the emerging concept of nexus thinking in managing environmental resources. Nexus thinking promotes a higher-level integration and higher level of stakeholder involvement that goes beyond the disciplinary boundaries, providing a supporting platform to solve issues such as crop residue burning.

scholarly journals Effects of 15N-labelled crop residues and management practices on subsequent winter wheat yields, nitrogen benefits and recovery under field conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
KULDIP KUMAR ◽  
K. M. GOH ◽  
W. R. SCOTT ◽  
C. M. FRAMPTON
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Leguminous Crop ◽  
Residual Fertilizer N

Nitrogen-15 enriched ammonium sulphate was applied to micro-plots in a field in which two leguminous (white clover and peas) and two non-leguminous (ryegrass and winter wheat) crops were grown to produce 15N-labelled crop residues and roots during 1993/94. Nitrogen benefits and recovery of crop residue-N, root-N and residual fertilizer-N by three succeeding winter wheat crops were studied. Each crop residue was subjected to four different residue management treatments (ploughed, rotary hoed, mulched or burned) before the first sequential wheat crop (1994/95) was sown, followed by the second (1995/96) and third wheat crops (1996/97), in each of which residues of the previous wheat crop were removed and all plots were ploughed uniformly before sowing. Grain yields of the first sequential wheat crop followed the order: white clover > peas > ryegrass > wheat. The mulched treatment produced significantly lower grain yield than those of other treatments. In the first sequential wheat crop, leguminous and non-leguminous residues supplied between 29–57% and 6–10% of wheat N accumulated respectively and these decreased with successive sequential crops. Rotary hoed treatment reduced N benefits of white clover residue-N while no significant differences in N benefits occurred between residue management treatments in non-leguminous residues. On average, the first wheat crop recovered between 29–37% of leguminous and 11–13% of non-leguminous crop residues-N. Corresponding values for root plus residual fertilizer-N were between 5–19% and 2–3%, respectively. Management treatments produced similar effects to those of N benefits. On average, between 5 to 8% of crop residue-N plus root and residual fertilizer-N was recovered by each of the second and third sequential wheat crops from leguminous residues compared to 2 to 4% from non-leguminous residues. The N recoveries tended to be higher under mulched treatments especially under leguminous than non-leguminous residues for the second sequential wheat crop but were variable for the third sequential wheat crop. Relatively higher proportions of leguminous residue-N were unaccounted in ploughed and rotary hoed treatments compared with those of mulched and burned treatments. In non-leguminous residue-N, higher unaccounted residue-N occurred under burned (33–44%) compared with other treatments (20–27%).

scholarly journals Recycling of Crop Residues for Sustainable Soil Health Management: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar Dadhich ◽  
Govind Kumar Yadav ◽  
Kamlesh Yadav ◽  
Chiranjeev Kumawat ◽  
Mahesh Kumar Munalia
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Crop Residue Recycling

Burning of crop residues have become a challenging issue for scientist’s community as well as policy makers worldwide as it directly affects environment, soil health and the productivity of crops. Microbial mediated recycling of crop residues into an amorphous dark brown to black colloidal humus like substance under conditions of optimum temperature, moisture and aeration is need of the hour. Crop residue recycling increases sequestration of organic carbon in soil which ultimately leads to improve soil physical, chemical and biological health. Organic carbon acts as a reservoir for nutrients, needed in crop production. Crop residue management recycling is a cost-effective option for minimizing agriculture's input with maximizing output. Besides supplying nutrients to the current crop, their residual effects on succeeding crops in the system are also important. This review emphasizes on crop residue recycling by different techniques. This review paper maybe helpful to the policy makers and researchers.

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