scholarly journals Potential Use of Halophytes to Remediate Saline Soils

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman ◽  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
Md. Mahabub Alam ◽  
Prasanta C. Bhowmik ◽  
Md. Amzad Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Problematic Soils ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Halophytic Plants ◽  
Arid And Semiarid

Salinity is one of the rising problems causing tremendous yield losses in many regions of the world especially in arid and semiarid regions. To maximize crop productivity, these areas should be brought under utilization where there are options for removing salinity or using the salt-tolerant crops. Use of salt-tolerant crops does not remove the salt and hence halophytes that have capacity to accumulate and exclude the salt can be an effective way. Methods for salt removal include agronomic practices or phytoremediation. The first is cost- and labor-intensive and needs some developmental strategies for implication; on the contrary, the phytoremediation by halophyte is more suitable as it can be executed very easily without those problems. Several halophyte species including grasses, shrubs, and trees can remove the salt from different kinds of salt-affected problematic soils through salt excluding, excreting, or accumulating by their morphological, anatomical, physiological adaptation in their organelle level and cellular level. Exploiting halophytes for reducing salinity can be good sources for meeting the basic needs of people in salt-affected areas as well. This review focuses on the special adaptive features of halophytic plants under saline condition and the possible ways to utilize these plants to remediate salinity.

State of the Art on Carbonic Anhydrase Modulators for Biomedical Purposes

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 2558-2573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Bozdag ◽  
Abdulmalik Saleh Alfawaz Altamimi ◽  
Daniela Vullo ◽  
Claudiu T. Supuran ◽  
Fabrizio Carta
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Hydration Reaction ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Learning Impairments ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Potential Use

The current review is intended to highlight recent advances in the search of new and effective modulators of the metalloenzymes Carbonic Anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) expressed in humans (h). CAs reversibly catalyze the CO2 hydration reaction, which is of crucial importance in the regulation of a plethora of fundamental processes at cellular level as well as in complex organisms. The first section of this review will be dedicated to compounds acting as activators of the hCAs (CAAs) and their promising effects on central nervous system affecting pathologies mainly characterized from memory and learning impairments. The second part will focus on the emerging chemical classes acting as hCA inhibitors (CAIs) and their potential use for the treatment of diseases.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis of bread wheat leaves in response to salt stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254189
Author(s):  
Nazanin Amirbakhtiar ◽  
Ahmad Ismaili ◽  
Mohammad-Reza Ghaffari ◽  
Raheleh Mirdar Mansuri ◽  
Sepideh Sanjari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Wheat Leaves

Salinity is one of the main abiotic stresses limiting crop productivity. In the current study, the transcriptome of wheat leaves in an Iranian salt-tolerant cultivar (Arg) was investigated in response to salinity stress to identify salinity stress-responsive genes and mechanisms. More than 114 million reads were generated from leaf tissues by the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. An amount of 81.9% to 85.7% of reads could be mapped to the wheat reference genome for different samples. The data analysis led to the identification of 98819 genes, including 26700 novel transcripts. A total of 4290 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were recognized, comprising 2346 up-regulated genes and 1944 down-regulated genes. Clustering of the DEGs utilizing Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) indicated that transcripts associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, transporters, transcription factors, hormone signal transduction, glycosyltransferases, exosome, and MAPK signaling might be involved in salt tolerance. The expression patterns of nine DEGs were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR in Arg and Moghan3 as the salt-tolerant and susceptible cultivars, respectively. The obtained results were consistent with changes in transcript abundance found by RNA-sequencing in the tolerant cultivar. The results presented here could be utilized for salt tolerance enhancement in wheat through genetic engineering or molecular breeding.

scholarly journals Phenotyping and molecular marker analysis of WH1105 and Kharchia 65 backcrosses and F4progenies for salinity tolerance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varsha ◽  
Shikha Yashveer ◽  
Vikram Singh ◽  
Swati Pratap
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Salt Stress Condition ◽  
Initial Salt ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Molecular Marker Analysis

ABSTRACTSoil salinity is a worldwide adverse environmental factor for crop productivity and quality in arid, semiarid and coastal areas. In India, approximately 8.5 million hectare of land area is affected by high salinity (EC ≥ 5 dS m−1). Development of salinity tolerant varieties through marker assisted breeding is most efficient and effective strategy for management of soil salinity. WH 1105 is widely cultivated wheat variety with many agronomically superior qualities but is affected by soil salinity. Two genes (Nax1andNax2) for salinity tolerance were introgressed from Kharchia 65 into the genetic background of WH 1105 through marker assisted backcross breeding. BC1F3, BC2F2and F4generations of the cross WH1105 x Kharchia 65 were evaluated for various morphological traits under initial salt stress condition. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic variations 44 high yielding plants were selected from the cross. Out of 178 SSRs tested, 30 were found polymorphic for background selection of the foreground selected plants. Cluster tree analysis of parents and all the three generations showed that all the selected plants were inclined toward recurrent parent (WH 1105) indicating higher similarity with the recurrent parent. Four plants were selected as high grain yielding and salt tolerant. These plants could be further backcrossed with the recurrent parent to develop salt tolerant wheat lines.

scholarly journals Research Advances on Tall Fescue Salt Tolerance: From Root Signaling to Molecular and Metabolic Adjustment

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Amombo ◽  
Huiying Li ◽  
Jinmin Fu
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Metabolic Adjustment

Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stress factors that constrain plant growth and limit crop productivity. About a quarter of the global land area is affected by salinity; therefore, there is increased need to develop salt-tolerant crops. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is one of the most important cool-season turfgrasses, which has medium tolerance to salinity and has a promising potential to be used as a turfgrass under saline conditions. However, up to now, the maximum use of tall fescue under salinity stress is still limited by inadequate scientific literature. Recent studies have attempted to identify various adaptive responses to salinity stress at molecular, cellular, metabolic, and physiological levels in tall fescue. The successful integration of information concerning signal sensing, molecular tools with recent advances in -omics would certainly provide a clue for creating salt-tolerant tall fescue. Because salinity limits water availability to plants via hindering water absorption, and by inducing physiological drought, here we review and propose a probable mechanism of tall fescue response to salinity stress and to similar effects induced by drought based on published literature.

Reproduction of Globodera pallida on tissue culture-derived potato plants and their potential use in resistance screening process

Nematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Mwangi ◽  
Björn Niere ◽  
Matthias Daub ◽  
Maria R. Finckh ◽  
Sebastian Kiewnick
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Potato Germplasm ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potential Use

Summary Globodera pallida infestation on potato is responsible for huge yield losses globally. Screening of potato germplasm for resistance to the nematode at the early stages of a breeding programme can significantly enhance resistance-based management. This study assessed the suitability of tissue culture (TC)-derived potato plants as screening material for resistance to G. pallida. Reproduction of the nematode on TC plants was similar to the reproduction on tuber- and eye-plug-derived plants. The pot volume, inoculum density and inoculation time had a significant effect on the reproduction. A positive correlation was found between the mean number of white females on the root surface and the final number of nematode cysts after extraction. Resistance ranking using TC plants and the tubers yielded comparable results, thus justifying the use of TC in the screening process. Tissue culture plants have the potential of speeding up the screening process and reducing resource requirements, thus lowering breeding cost.

scholarly journals Salinity Tolerance Turfgrass: History and Prospects

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Kamal Uddin ◽  
Abdul Shukor Juraimi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
High Salinity Water ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Poor Quality Water ◽  
Salinity Water ◽  
Potential Use

Land and water resources are becoming scarce and are insufficient to sustain the burgeoning population. Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses affecting agricultural productions across the world. Cultivation of salt-tolerant turfgrass species may be promising option under such conditions where poor quality water can also be used for these crops. Coastal lands in developing countries can be used to grow such crops, and seawater can be used for irrigation of purposes. These plants can be grown using land and water unsuitable for conventional crops and can provide food, fuel, fodder, fibber, resin, essential oils, and pharmaceutical products and can be used for landscape reintegration. There are a number of potential turfgrass species that may be appropriate at various salinity levels of seawater. The goal of this review is to create greater awareness of salt-tolerant turfgrasses, their current and potential uses, and their potential use in developing countries. The future for irrigating turf may rely on the use of moderate- to high-salinity water and, in order to ensure that the turf system is sustainable, will rely on the use of salt-tolerant grasses and an improved knowledge of the effects of salinity on turfgrasses.

scholarly journals Screening of Some Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes for Salinity Tolerance using Morphological and Molecular Markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-390
Author(s):  
Shahabuddin Ahmed ◽  
Touhidur Rahman Anik ◽  
Ashraful Islam ◽  
Imtiaz Uddin ◽  
Mohammad S. Haque
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses, which adversely affects the crop productivity. Thirty rice genotypes of diverse origin including three salt tolerant check varieties, Binadhan-8, Binadhan-10 and Pokkali, were used to evaluate salt tolerance at seedling stage and to determine the genetic diversity using microsatellite markers. Salinity screening was done at the seedling stage using hydroponic system following IRRI standard protocol. Three salinity levels as 6dSm-1, 8dSm-1, and 10dSm-1 were used along with control. Data were recorded on root length, shoot length and dry weight and the genotypes were scored based on modified standard evaluation score (SES) for visual injury. Sixteen SSR markers were used to study the genetic variation within 30 rice genotypes. A total of 65 alleles with an average of 4.06 allele per locus were detected among 30 rice genotypes. The polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.24 to 0.86 with an average of 0.51. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram revealed four clusters. Among them cluster I identified 5 salt tolerant genotypes and cluster IV separated one tolerant and one moderately tolerant genotype. Based on SES evaluation and molecular analysis genotypes Balam, THDB, Q-31, Ab.Hai, BR-5, FR13A ware salt tolerant; Moulota, Super hybrid, Y-1281, Binadhan-16 were moderate salt tolerant. This information could be useful for selection of suitable genotypes for developing salt tolerant rice variety through molecular breeding.

scholarly journals Increasing crop productivity in coastal areas by proper management of potassium fertilizers

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
MG Kibria ◽  
MF Haque ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MA Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Muriate Of Potash

The field experiment was conducted to investigate the alleviation of the adverse effects of soil salinity in rice by efficient management of potassium fertilizers in coastal saline areas.The salt-sensitive (BRRI dhan28) and salt-tolerant (Binadhan-10) rice cultivars were used as test crops. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. There were thirteen treatment combinations viz. T0 (no K from MoP or SoP), T1 (K100 from MoP at final land preparation), T2 (K150 from MoP at final land preparation), T3 (K200 from MoP at final land preparation), T4 (K100 from MoP in two splits), T5 (K150 from MoP in two splits), T6 (K200 from MoP in two splits), T7 (K100 from SoP at final land preparation), T8 (K150 from SoP at final land preparation), T9 (K200 from SoP at final land preparation), T10 (K100 from SoP in two splits), T11 (K150 from SoP in two splits) and T12 (K200 from SoP in two splits). Muriate of potash (MoP) and sulphate of potash (SoP) were applied in two splits and during land preparation as per treatments. Binadhan-10 (salt-tolerant) rice producedhigher grain and straw yields than salt-sensitive (BRRI dhan28) one under saline conditions. Furthermore, application of potassium fertilizers resulted in significant increases growth, and grain and straw yields of both salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice cultivars under saline conditions. The nutrient (NPS) uptake and K+/Na+ ratio increased in both rice cultivars by application of potassium fertilizers under saline conditions. The higher amount of yield as well as nutrient uptake of both rice cultivars was observed when SoP was applied either in land preparation or two split doses. The K+/Na+ ratio was found to be higher in T9 and T12 treatments in salt-sensitive cultivar whereas T2 and T3 treatments showed higher K+/Na+ ratio in grain and straw of salt-tolerant rice cultivar, respectively. Therefore, the present study suggests that rice productioncould be improved in saline areas through application of higher doses of potassium fertilizers particularly split application of sulphate of potash.Progressive Agriculture 26 (2): 115-121, 2015

scholarly journals Salt-Tolerant Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Enhancing Crop Productivity of Saline Soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilfuza Egamberdieva ◽  
Stephan Wirth ◽  
Sonoko Dorothea Bellingrath-Kimura ◽  
Jitendra Mishra ◽  
Naveen K. Arora
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Tolerant Plant ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

scholarly journals Understanding a Deep Learning Technique through a Neuromorphic System a Case Study with SpiNNaker Neuromorphic Platform

2018 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 01015
Author(s):  
Indar Sugiarto ◽  
Felix Pasila
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
System A ◽  
Learning Technique ◽  
Neuromorphic System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Potential Use

Deep learning (DL) has been considered as a breakthrough technique in the field of artificial intelligence and machine learning. Conceptually, it relies on a many-layer network that exhibits a hierarchically non-linear processing capability. Some DL architectures such as deep neural networks, deep belief networks and recurrent neural networks have been developed and applied to many fields with incredible results, even comparable to human intelligence. However, many researchers are still sceptical about its true capability: can the intelligence demonstrated by deep learning technique be applied for general tasks? This question motivates the emergence of another research discipline: neuromorphic computing (NC). In NC, researchers try to identify the most fundamental ingredients that construct intelligence behaviour produced by the brain itself. To achieve this, neuromorphic systems are developed to mimic the brain functionality down to cellular level. In this paper, a neuromorphic platform called SpiNNaker is described and evaluated in order to understand its potential use as a platform for a deep learning approach. This paper is a literature review that contains comparative study on algorithms that have been implemented in SpiNNaker.

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