scholarly journals Hepatic Necrosis and Degenerative Myopathy Associated with Cassava Feeding in Pigs

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Gloria Daniel-Igwe
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Muscular Weakness ◽  
Muscle Degeneration ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Toxic Principle ◽  
Stunted Growth

Forty-three deaths were recorded among pigs fed boiled cassava meal at a private piggery over a period of two years. There were signs of sudden death in some cases with blood exuding from the external nares, vomiting, muscular weakness and pain or reluctance to move, emaciation, and stunted growth. The necropsy lesions included skeletal and cardiac muscle degeneration and necrosis, icterus, hepatic necrosis, and oedema of the dependent parts. The deaths and clinical signs are thought to be due to a non cyanide toxic principle in cassava, possibly the coumarins (scopoletin), which is found in high levels in cassava diet even after heat treatment. Therefore, the use of proper processing technology to obtain cassava products of high quality is recommended.

Neospora caninum (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) infections in rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1595-1599 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Lindsay ◽  
J. P. Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Methylprednisolone Acetate ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Experimental Inoculation ◽  
Caninum Tachyzoites ◽  
Subcutaneous Inoculation

The susceptibility of laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) to experimental inoculation with tachyzoites of Neospora caninum was examined. Groups of female rats were intramuscularly injected with 0, 2, or 4 mg of methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) 7 days prior to, and on the day of, subcutaneous inoculation with 0 or 1.5 × 105 tachyzoites. Clinical signs of disease or deaths did not occur in rats given nothing or only N. caninum tachyzoites. Rats given only 4 mg MPA failed to grow as well as rats given nothing or only N. caninum tachyzoites but were otherwise healthy. All of 20 rats given 4 mg MPA and tachyzoites died of hepatitis and pneumonia within 12 days postinoculation. Hepatic necrosis was the most striking lesion seen in these rats, and other milder lesions consisted of pneumonia, encephalitis, and myositis. The response of rats given 2 mg MPA and tachyzoites was less severe. Three of 20 rats died with encephalitis, myositis, hepatitis, and pancreatitis. Mild lesions, but no N. caninum tachyzoites, were seen in 3 of 14 rats inoculated only with tachyzoites. Rats given the 4 mg MPA treatment and inoculated with N. caninum tachyzoites appear to be suitable subjects for examining acute neosporosis and could be used in studies designed to examine treatment of acute disease.

Role of cardiac hypoxia in the pathogenesis of sudden death syndrome in broiler chickens – A metabolic and molecular study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pegah Safaei ◽  
Gholamhossein Khadjeh ◽  
Mohammad Reza Tabandeh ◽  
Keramat Asasi
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase ◽  
Cardiac Insufficiency ◽  
Monocarboxylate Transporter ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Glucose Transporter 1

AbstractSudden death syndrome (SDS) is an economically important disorder in broiler chickens with unknown aetiology. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the metabolic and molecular alterations related to hypoxia in the myocardium of broiler chickens with SDS. Samples from the cardiac muscle of internal control broiler chickens (ICs) (n = 36) and chickens having died of SDS (n = 36) were obtained during the rearing period. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and the concentration of lactate were measured in the cardiac tissue using available commercial kits. The expression of hypoxia-inducing factor 1α (HIF1α), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDHK4) and monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) genes was determined in the myocardium by real-time PCR analysis. The results showed the elevation of lactate level and activities of LDH and CPK in the cardiac muscle of SDS-affected chickens compared with the IC birds (P < 0.05). The cardiac muscle expression of HIF1α, MCT4 and GLUT1 genes was increased, while the PDHK4 mRNA level was decreased in the SDS-affected group compared to those in the IC chickens (P < 0.05). Our results showed that metabolic remodelling associated with hypoxia in the cardiac tissues may have an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiac insufficiency and SDS in broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Proposal of an Algorithm to Early Detect Attenuated Type I Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS Ia) among Children with Growth Abnormalities

Medicina ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Federico Baronio ◽  
Stefano Zucchini ◽  
Francesco Zulian ◽  
Mariacarolina Salerno ◽  
Rossella Parini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Stature ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Growth Abnormalities

Background and Objectives: Diagnostic delay is common in attenuated Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I (MPS Ia) due to the rarity of the disease and the variability of clinical presentation. Short stature and impaired growth velocity are frequent findings in MPS Ia, but they rarely raise suspicion as paediatric endocrinologists are generally poorly trained to detect earlier and milder clinical signs of this condition. Materials and Methods: Following a consensus-based methodology, a multidisciplinary panel including paediatric endocrinologists, paediatricians with expertise in metabolic disorders, radiologists, and rheumatologists shared their experience on a possible clinical approach to the diagnosis of MPS Ia in children with short stature or stunted growth. Results: The result was the formation of an algorithm that illustrates how to raise the suspicion of MPS Ia in a patient older than 5 years with short stature and suggestive clinical signs. Conclusion: The proposed algorithm may represent a useful tool to improve the awareness of paediatric endocrinologists and reduce the diagnostic delay for patients with MPS Ia.

scholarly journals Poisoning of cattle by Senecio spp. in Brazil: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1459-1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Welden Panziera ◽  
Saulo P. Pavarini ◽  
Luciana Sonne ◽  
Claudio S.L. Barros ◽  
David Driemeier
Keyword(s):  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Toxic Principle ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Subcutaneous Edema ◽  
High Concentrations

ABSTRACT: Poisoning of cattle by plants of the Senecio genus represents an important cause of death in cattle and has important economic repercussions in southern Brazil. This review is intended to provide a detailed review of Senecio spp. intoxication in cattle and addresses issues regarding the toxic principle and pathogenesis of the disease caused by these plants and the epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, control and prophylaxis of the disease. Senecio brasiliensis is the main species associated with natural intoxication of livestock in Brazil, and the number of cases associated with the ingestion of S. madagascariensis is increasing. The toxic principle of Senecio spp. comprises the hepatotoxic alkaloids of the pyrrolizidine group (pyrrolizidine alkaloids, PAs). The resulting liver lesions are chronic and irreversible and result from the inhibition of hepatocellular mitosis. Deaths of adult cattle may occur both sporadically and in larger outbreaks over an extended period of time. In cattle raising, Senecio spp. are consumed mainly during the winter, when there is a dearth of forage; at this time the poisonous Senecio species are budding and contain high concentrations of PAs. Spontaneous Senecio spp. intoxication in cattle is a chronic condition that frequently involves acute clinical manifestations. Affected cattle may present ascites, emaciation, intermittent dark diarrhea, tenesmus, rectal prolapse, and neurological signs resulting from hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatogenous photosensitization may be observed but is uncommon. Necropsy findings include dependent subcutaneous edema, ascites, and edema of the mesentery, abomasal folds, and gallbladder. The liver is firm, normal or reduced in size with a white, thick capsule. Microscopically, the hallmarks of Senecio-associated disease are varying degrees of hepatocellular megalocytosis, bile duct hyperplasia and fibrosis. Sheep are significantly more resistant to Senecio intoxication than are cattle and avidly ingest Senecio plants; therefore, the use of sheep for grazing infested pasture is recommended for preventing the associated disease in cattle.

scholarly journals Natural Canine Distemper Virus Infection in Linnaeus’s 2-Toed Sloths (Choloepus didactylus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison M. Watson ◽  
Andrew C. Cushing ◽  
Julie D. Sheldon ◽  
Eman Anis ◽  
Rebecca P. Wilkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Lymphoid Depletion ◽  
Viral Sequencing

An outbreak of canine distemper virus in a private zoo in eastern Tennessee in July 2016 led to fatal clinical disease in 5 adult, wild-caught Linnaeus’s 2-toed sloths ( Choloepus didactylus). Clinical signs included hyporexia, lethargy, mucopurulent nasal discharge, and oral and facial ulcers. At necropsy, affected animals had crusts and ulcers on the lips, nose, tongue, and oral cavity. Microscopically, all sloths had widespread, random, hepatic necrosis; lymphoid depletion; and bronchointerstitial pneumonia. The central nervous system did not contain gross or histopathologic lesions in any of the 5 sloths, although immunoreactivity for viral antigen was present within vessel walls. Epithelial cells and histiocytes within numerous organs contained intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions and occasional syncytial cells. Canine distemper virus was confirmed with immunohistochemistry and virus isolation. Viral sequencing identified the novel American-4 strain prevalent in eastern Tennessee wildlife. This is the first pathologic characterization of canine distemper virus infection in sloths (family Choloepodidae, order Pilosa) and emphasizes the significant morbidity and mortality in this species.

Ovine Adenovirus Serotype 7-associated Mortality in Lambs in the United States

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 644-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Debey ◽  
H. D. Lehmkuhl ◽  
C. Chard-Bergstrom ◽  
L. A. Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Interstitial Nephritis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adenovirus Serotype ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Neonatal Lambs ◽  
Immunohistochemical Techniques

Adenoviral infections were diagnosed in three neonatal lambs that died spontaneously, and no other etiologic agents were identified. Clinical signs were anorexia, weakness, abdominal distention, and sudden death. Microscopic lesions consisted of multifocal necrotizing hepatitis, multifocal subacute interstitial nephritis, and loss of enterocytes from intestinal villi. Adenovirus inclusions were identified by light microscopy in the kidneys only. Adenoviral antigen, however, was identified in the liver, kidney, and intestine of the lambs by immunohistochemical techniques. An ovine adenovirus serotype 7, not previously isolated from sheep in the United States, was characterized from these lambs.

James Bell Pettigrew (1832–1908) MD, LLD, FRS, comparative anatomist, physiologist and aerobiologist

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
Dugald Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Royal College ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Gold Medal ◽  
Royal Infirmary ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Animal Locomotion ◽  
Andrews University ◽  
Design In Nature

After leaving Glasgow University, Pettigrew joined the Edinburgh Medical School in 1856. Professor Goodsir determined Pettigrew’s entire future by awarding him the Anatomy Gold Medal for an essay on cardiac muscle. The essay was accompanied by dissections of such high quality that they led to the Croonian Lecture of the Royal Society of London in 1860. After graduating, Pettigrew’s time as House Surgeon to James Syme was followed by a position in the Hunterian Museum, London. Intensive studies of urinary and alimentary muscle, and observations of insects and animals, with lectures on flight to distinguished societies, contributed to disabling illness and a long convalescence but in 1869 Pettigrew became Conservator of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh and then Pathologist to the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. The publication of Physiology of the Circulation and of Animal Locomotion, with its emphasis on aeronautics, ensured international fame. Fellowship of both London and Edinburgh Royal Societies was another factor contributing to Pettigrew’s election to the Chandos Chair at St Andrews University in 1875. The construction and abortive flying of a motor-driven aeroplane came near the end of his life and Pettigrew gave his remaining years to completing his monumental Design in Nature.

Quasicrystalline phase formation in Al62Cu22.5Fe12.5 and Al55Cu22.5Fe12.5Be7 alloys

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1535-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Lee ◽  
B. H. Kim ◽  
D. H. Kim ◽  
W. T. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Icosahedral Phase ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Quasicrystalline Phase ◽  
Icosahedral Structure ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Icosahedral Quasicrystalline Phase ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Icosahedral Quasicrystalline ◽  
Conventionally Cast

Formation of the icosahedral quasicrystalline phase in conventionally cast Al62Cu25.5Fe12.5 and Al55Cu25.5Fe12.5Be7 alloys were investigated. The icosahedral phase (I-phase) forming ability was greatly improved by partial replacement of Al by 7 at.% Be. The as-cast Al55Cu25.5Fe12.5Be7 alloy consisted of dendritic primary I-phase and interdendritic τ-phase, whereas that of an as-cast Al62Cu25.5Fe12.5 alloy consisted of various phases such as the β-, I-, and τ-phases, together with a small amount of the λ- and η-phases. The kinetic barrier for transformation into single I-phase by heat treatment was greatly reduced in an Al55Cu25.5Fe12.5Be7 alloy. The I-phase in an Al55Cu25.5Fe12.5Be7 alloy has the same face centered icosahedral structure as that in an Al62Cu25.5Fe12.5 alloy and is of high quality without phason strain.

Research on the Construction of "Metal Materials and Heat Treatment" Network Course to Higher Vocational Colleges under the Background of Big Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
pp. 615-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Ling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
The Internet ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Open Platform ◽  
Treatment Network ◽  
Metal Materials ◽  
Vocational Colleges

With the development of social information in the background of big data, this paper gives the practical problems in the construction of network course of "metal materials and heat treatment". The aim of the study established on the basis of the Internet will provide us more comprehensive supports and services, and more friendly practical systems in teaching. Our research will build a public open platform for the cultivation of high-quality talents and the promotion of lifelong learning process. This paper has focused on the theoretical value of the network course construction, construction objectives, the content and advantages of the construction. The results of this paper are helpful to improve the teaching effects of the course of "metal materials and heat treatment" in vocational colleges.

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