scholarly journals Photosynthetic Active Pigments Changes in Norway Spruce (Picea abies) under the Different Acclimation Irradiation and Elevated CO2 Content

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Miroslav Kvíčala ◽  
Eva Lacková ◽  
Lenka Urbancová
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Active Radiation ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Photosynthetic active pigments content (chlorophylls and carotenoids) in Norway spruce (Picea abies) needles was measured by absorption spectroscopy. Norway spruce was exposed to low and high photosynthetic active radiation and ambient and elevated CO2 concentration. It was investigated that combination of low photosynthetic active radiation and elevated concentration of CO2 resulted in stimulation of chlorophylls and carotenoids production. Combination of high photosynthetic active radiation and elevated CO2 concentration led to overall chlorophylls and carotenoids content decrease. Moreover, specific leaf area trend could be used as a potentially reliable indicator of plant stress response.

scholarly journals MODIS vegetation products as proxies of photosynthetic potential along a gradient of meteorologically and biologically driven ecosystem productivity

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5587-5608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Restrepo-Coupe ◽  
Alfredo Huete ◽  
Kevin Davies ◽  
James Cleverly ◽  
Jason Beringer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Active Radiation ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Flux Tower ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential ◽  
Assimilation Capacity

Abstract. A direct relationship between gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) estimated by the eddy covariance (EC) method and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation indices (VIs) has been observed in many temperate and tropical ecosystems. However, in Australian evergreen forests, and particularly sclerophyll and temperate woodlands, MODIS VIs do not capture seasonality of GEP. In this study, we re-evaluate the connection between satellite and flux tower data at four contrasting Australian ecosystems, through comparisons of GEP and four measures of photosynthetic potential, derived via parameterization of the light response curve: ecosystem light use efficiency (LUE), photosynthetic capacity (Pc), GEP at saturation (GEPsat), and quantum yield (α), with MODIS vegetation satellite products, including VIs, gross primary productivity (GPPMOD), leaf area index (LAIMOD), and fraction of photosynthetic active radiation (fPARMOD). We found that satellite-derived biophysical products constitute a measurement of ecosystem structure (e.g. leaf area index – quantity of leaves) and function (e.g. leaf level photosynthetic assimilation capacity – quality of leaves), rather than GEP. Our results show that in primarily meteorological-driven (e.g. photosynthetic active radiation, air temperature, and/or precipitation) and relatively aseasonal ecosystems (e.g. evergreen wet sclerophyll forests), there were no statistically significant relationships between GEP and satellite-derived measures of greenness. In contrast, for phenology-driven ecosystems (e.g. tropical savannas), changes in the vegetation status drove GEP, and tower-based measurements of photosynthetic activity were best represented by VIs. We observed the highest correlations between MODIS products and GEP in locations where key meteorological variables and vegetation phenology were synchronous (e.g. semi-arid Acacia woodlands) and low correlation at locations where they were asynchronous (e.g. Mediterranean ecosystems). However, we found a statistical significant relationship between the seasonal measures of photosynthetic potential (Pc and LUE) and VIs, where each ecosystem aligns along a continuum; we emphasize here that knowledge of the conditions in which flux tower measurements and VIs or other remote sensing products converge greatly advances our understanding of the mechanisms driving the carbon cycle (phenology and climate drivers) and provides an ecological basis for interpretation of satellite-derived measures of greenness.

scholarly journals Specific leaf area and leaf area index in developing stands of Fagus sylvatica L. and Picea abies Karst.

2016 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohdan Konôpka ◽  
Jozef Pajtík ◽  
Róbert Marušák ◽  
Michal Bošeľa ◽  
Martin Lukac
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L

Specific leaf area and needle weight of Norway spruce (Piceaabies) in stands of different densities

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hager ◽  
H. Sterba
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Regression Function ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Needle Age ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
A Minor

During an investigation on the effects of differing stand densities on biomass distribution, owing to thinning in 17-year-old Norway spruce stands, specific leaf area (SLA) and 100-needle dry mass were measured for three diameter at breast height (DBH) classes, five canopy sections, and two needle age-classes. Mean SLA was found to be 50 ± 17 cm2/g. High correlation of SLA and 100-needle dry mass with DBH, crown position, and needle age was found. Older needles had a lower mean SLA than the current years needles, while they did not differ significantly in their 100-needles dry mass. Thinning proved to be a minor factor for foliage variability, since DBH, which is dependent upon thinning and the trees competitive status, explained a major part of variation in leaf morphology. A third-degree polynomial regression function could be developed to predict SLA from 100-needle dry mass. This function shows wide validity. It applies to all DBH classes and crown sections. It also shows good fit for older trees from totally different sites. To predict the total leaf area of a crown stratum, only the dry mass of 100 needles and the total needle biomass of the stratum must be known.

scholarly journals MODIS vegetation products as proxies of photosynthetic potential: a look across meteorological and biologic driven ecosystem productivity

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 19213-19267 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Restrepo-Coupe ◽  
A. Huete ◽  
K. Davies ◽  
J. Cleverly ◽  
J. Beringer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Photosynthetic Active Radiation ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Flux Tower ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential

Abstract. A direct relationship between gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) measured by the eddy covariance (EC) method and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation indices (VIs) has been observed in many temperate and tropical ecosystems. However, in Australian evergreen forests, and particularly sclerophyll woodlands, MODIS VIs do not capture seasonality of GEP. In this study, we re-evaluate the connection between satellite and flux tower data at four contrasting Australian ecosystems, through comparisons of ecosystem photosynthetic activity (GEP) and potential (e.g. ecosystem light use efficiency and quantum yield) with MODIS vegetation satellite products, including VIs, gross primary productivity (GPPMOD), leaf area index (LAIMOD), and fraction of photosynthetic active radiation (fPARMOD). We found that satellite derived greenness products constitute a measurement of ecosystem structure (e.g. leaf area index – quantity of leaves) and function (e.g. leaf level photosynthetic assimilation capacity – quality of leaves), rather than productivity. Our results show that in primarily meteorological-driven (e.g. photosynthetic active radiation, air temperature and/or precipitation) and relatively aseasonal vegetation photosynthetic potential ecosystems (e.g. evergreen wet sclerophyll forests), there were no statistically significant relationships between GEP and satellite derived measures of greenness. In contrast, for phenology-driven ecosystems (e.g. tropical savannas), changes in the vegetation status drove GEP, and tower-based measurements of photosynthetic activity were best represented by VIs. We observed the highest correlations between MODIS products and GEP in locations where key meteorological variables and vegetation phenology were synchronous (e.g. semi-arid Acacia woodlands) and low correlation at locations where they were asynchronous (e.g. Mediterranean ecosystems). Eddy covariance data offer much more than validation and/or calibration of satellite data and models. Knowledge of the conditions in which flux tower measurements and VIs or other remote sensing products converge greatly advances our understanding of the mechanisms driving the carbon cycle (phenology and climate drivers) and provides an ecological basis for interpretation of satellite derived measures of greenness.

Seed yield of canola (Brassica napus L.) is determined primarily by biomass in a high-yielding environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heping Zhang ◽  
Sam Flottmann
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Photosynthetic Active Radiation ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Radiation Use

The better performance of hybrid canola compared with open-pollinated triazine-tolerant canola can be associated with greater biomass and harvest index. We compared several hybrid and open-pollinated canola cultivars in field conditions to (i) quantitatively analyse yield formation and identify the key drivers of yield formation process; (ii) investigate biomass accumulation and partitioning and evaluate the relative importance of biomass, harvest index and yield components. Six elite varieties, two from each of the three types (triazine-tolerant (TT), hybrid TT, and hybrid imidazolinone-tolerant (IT) or conventional (CV) (hybrid IT/CV)) of canola, were grown under the optimum crop management in the 3 years from 2009 to 2011 in the high-rainfall zone of south-western Australia. Leaf area, specific leaf area, light interception, biomass, seed yield and yield components were measured at key growth stages to determine biomass accumulation, crop growth rate (CGR), radiation-use efficiency and to investigate the relationship between yield, biomass, CGR, specific leaf area, yield components and harvest index. Hybrid IT/CV canola grew more vigorously with thicker leaves and greater leaf area, allocated more biomass into leaves, intercepted more radiation, produced higher biomass in the vegetative stage and maintained its biomass superiority throughout the whole crop cycle. It had radiation-use efficiency of 1.74 g MJ m–2 photosynthetic active radiation, 28% higher (P < 0.001) than TT canola (1.41 g MJ m–2 photosynthetic active radiation) and 16% higher (P < 0.001) than hybrid TT canola (1.52 g MJ m–2 photosynthetic active radiation). The average CGR for hybrid IT/CV canola (12.1 g m–2 day–1) was 32% higher than that of TT canola (9.2 g m–2 day–1) from budding to the beginning of pod filling. Hybrid IT/CV canola produced 38% higher seed yield than TT canola in favourable growing conditions (2009, 2011). However, there was no yield difference between the hybrid IT/CV, hybrid TT, and TT canola in the drought year (2010). The number of pods m–2 and seeds m–2 was highly associated with biomass at vegetative, budding, flowering, podding and maturity and CGR from budding to podding. High yield in hybrid canola was attributed mainly to higher biomass from each phenological phase from the vegetative stage to maturity and not to improved harvest index.

scholarly journals Vertical Distribution of Leaf Area of European Larch (Larix decidua Mill.) and Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) in Pure and Mixed Stands

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sterba ◽  
Dirnberger ◽  
Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Larix Decidua ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Beta Distributions ◽  
Area Distribution ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Leaf Area Distribution

The growth effects of mixtures are generally assumed to be a result of canopy structure and crown plasticity. Thus, the distribution of leaf area at tree and stand level helps to explain these mixing effects. Therefore, we investigated the leaf area distribution in 12 stands with a continuum of proportions of European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). The stands were between 40 and 170 years old and located in the northern part of the Eastern Intermediate Alps in Austria at elevations between 900 and 1300 m a. s. l. A total of 200 sample trees were felled and the leaf area distribution within their crowns was evaluated. Fitting beta distributions to the individual empirical leaf area distributions, the parameters of the beta distributions were shown to depend on the leaf area of the individual trees and, for spruce, on the proportion of spruce in the stands. With the equations determined, the leaf area distribution of all trees in the stand, and thus its distribution in the stands, was calculated by species and in 2 m height classes. For the individual trees, we found that the leaf area distribution of larch is more symmetric, and its peak is located higher in the crown than it is the case for spruce. Furthermore, the leaf area distribution of both species becomes more peaked and skewed when the leaf area of the trees increases. The mixture only influences the leaf area distribution of spruce in such a way that the higher the spruce proportion of the stand, the higher the leaf area is located within the crown. At the stand level, a strong relationship was found between the proportion of spruce and the distance between the peaks of the leaf area distributions of larch and spruce.

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