scholarly journals The Assessment of Cholinesterase from the Liver ofPuntius Javanicusas Detection of Metal Ions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Khalizan Sabullah ◽  
Mohd Rosni Sulaiman ◽  
Mohd Yunus Abd Shukor ◽  
Mohd Arif Syed ◽  
Nor Aripin Shamaan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Optimum Parameter ◽  
Catalytic Efficiency ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Single Exposure ◽  
Significant Difference

Crude extract of ChE from the liver ofPuntius javanicuswas purified using procainamide-sepharyl 6B. S-Butyrylthiocholine iodide (BTC) was selected as the specific synthetic substrate for this assay with the highest maximal velocity and lowest biomolecular constant at 53.49 µmole/min/mg and 0.23 mM, respectively, with catalytic efficiency ratio of 0.23. The optimum parameter was obtained at pH 7.5 and optimal temperature in the range of 25 to 30°C. The effect of different storage condition was assessed where ChE activity was significantly decreased after 9 days of storage at room temperature. However, ChE activity showed no significant difference when stored at 4.0, 0, and −25°C for 15 days. Screening of heavy metals shows that chromium, copper, and mercury strongly inhibitedP. javanicusChE by lowering the activity below 50%, while several pairwise combination of metal ions exhibited synergistic inhibiting effects on the enzyme which is greater than single exposure especially chromium, copper, and mercury. The results showed thatP. javanicusChE has the potential to be used as a biosensor for the detection of metal ions.

scholarly journals Stability of Extemporaneously Prepared Lansoprazole Suspension at Two Temperatures

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan T. Morrison ◽  
Ralph A. Lugo ◽  
Jim C. Thigpen ◽  
Stacy D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Expiration Time ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Oral Sodium

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the stability of a generic lansoprazole product in a 3 mg/mL sodium bicarbonate suspension under room temperature and refrigerated conditions. METHODS Lansoprazole suspensions (3 mg/mL) were prepared in triplicate using an 8.4% sodium bicarbonate vehicle for each storage condition (room temperature and refrigerated). During 1 month, samples from each replicate were periodically removed and analyzed for lansoprazole concentration by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Each sample was spiked with 10 mg/L omeprazole to serve as the internal standard. A positive electrospray LC-MS/MS method was validated over the calibration range of 5 to 25 mg/L using Food and Drug Administration Guidance. The identities of the analyte and internal standard in the samples were verified by monitoring the MS/MS transitions of m/z 370 to m/z 252 and m/z 346 to m/z 198 for lansoprazole and omeprazole, respectively. Additionally, the pH of the suspensions was monitored throughout the study. RESULTS The stability of lansoprazole in the oral sodium bicarbonate suspension under refrigeration is compromised prior to what has been previously reported in the literature. Samples kept at room temperature lost >10% of the lansoprazole after 48 hours compared with the refrigerated samples, which maintained integrity up to 7 days. No statistically significant difference was found between the pH of the room temperature and refrigerated suspension samples, indicating that this factor is not the cause for the differences in stability at these two conditions. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the extemporaneously compounded lansoprazole oral suspension prepared in 8.4% sodium bicarbonate should not be stored in plastic oral syringes longer than 48 hours at room temperature and no longer than 7 days when refrigerated. These data indicate an expiration time earlier than that previously reported for the refrigerated product (14 days).

scholarly journals Rambutan seed germination: temperature and storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-388
Author(s):  
Renata Aparecida de Andrade ◽  
Amanda Garcia Bagatim ◽  
Guilherme Nacata
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Storage Management ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Germination Temperature ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Plastic Containers ◽  
Seeds Germination ◽  
Temperature Storage

The objective of this study was to verify if the germination temperature, storage condition and period could influence rambutan seeds germination. The research were realized in two stages, corresponding to rambutan seeds storage management: after extracted from the fruits or kept in the fruits, until sowing. Storage condition were also evaluated: low temperature (10oC) and room temperature, being realized the sowing at 0 (control), 3, 6, 9 and 12 days after storage, at different germination temperatures: 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40°C. The seeds were placed in plastic containers with commercial substrate with pine, using four repetitions with 10 seeds for each. The percentage and period of germination were assessed. The experimental design was completely randomized and the data was evaluated by variance analysis, applying Tukey´s test at 5% of significance for means with significant difference. According to the results, it is possible to conclude that the best temperature for rambutan germination is 25°C and the storage can be realized with the seeds inside the fruit until the time of sowing, in up tol six days.

Stability of dronabinol capsules when stored frozen, refrigerated, or at room temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (14) ◽  
pp. 1088-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Wempe ◽  
Alan Oldland ◽  
Nancy Stolpman ◽  
Tyree H. Kiser
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Forced Degradation ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Minimal Reduction

Abstract Purpose Results of a study to determine the 90-day stability of dronabinol capsules stored under various temperature conditions are reported. Methods High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection was used to assess the stability of dronabinol capsules (synthetic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol [Δ9-THC] mixed with high-grade sesame oil and other inactive ingredients and encapsulated as soft gelatin capsules) that were frozen, refrigerated, or kept at room temperature for three months. The dronabinol capsules remained in the original foil-sealed blister packs until preparation for HPLC–UV assessment. The primary endpoint was the percentage of the initial Δ9-THC concentration remaining at multiple designated time points. The secondary aim was to perform forced-degradation studies under acidic conditions to demonstrate that the HPLC–UV method used was stability indicating. Results The appearance of the dronabinol capsules remained unaltered during frozen, cold, or room-temperature storage. Regardless of storage condition, the percentage of the initial Δ9-THC content remaining was greater than 97% for all evaluated samples at all time points over the three-month study. These experimental data indicate that the product packaging and the sesame oil used to formulate dronabinol capsules efficiently protect Δ9-THC from oxidative degradation to cannabinol; this suggests that pharmacies can store dronabinol capsules in nonrefrigerated automated dispensing systems, with a capsule expiration date of 90 days after removal from the refrigerator. Conclusion Dronabinol capsules may be stored at room temperature in their original packaging for up to three months without compromising capsule appearance and with minimal reduction in Δ9-THC concentration.

scholarly journals Decreased rate of ketone-body oxidation and decreased activity of d-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and succinyl-CoA:3-oxo-acid CoA-transferase in heart mitochondria of diabetic rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 240 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Grinblat ◽  
L F Pacheco Bolaños ◽  
A O Stoppani
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Heart Mitochondria ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Coa Transferase ◽  
Slow Adaptation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metabolic Conditions ◽  
Onset Of Diabetes

Heart mitochondria from chronically diabetic rats (‘diabetic mitochondria’), in metabolic State 3, oxidized 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate at a relatively slow rate, as compared with mitochondria from normal rats (‘normal mitochondria’). No significant differences were observed, however, with pyruvate or L-glutamate plus L-malate as substrates. Diabetic mitochondria also showed decreased 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and succinyl-CoA: 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase activities, but cytochrome content and NADH-dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase activities proved normal. The decrease of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity was observed in diabetic mitochondria subjected to different disruption procedures, namely freeze-thawing, sonication or hypoosmotic treatment, between pH 7.5 and 8.5, at temperatures in the range 6-36 degrees C, and in the presence of L-cysteine. Determination of the kinetic parameters of the enzyme reaction in diabetic mitochondria revealed diminution of maximal velocity (Vmax) as its outstanding feature. The decrease in 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in diabetic mitochondria was a slow-developing effect, which reached full expression 2-3 months after the onset of diabetes; 1 week after onset, no significant difference between enzyme activity in diabetic and normal mitochondria could be established. Insulin administration to chronically diabetic rats for 2 weeks resulted in limited recovery of enzyme activity. G.l.c. analysis of fatty acid composition and measurement of diphenylhexatriene fluorescence anisotropy failed to reveal significant differences between diabetic and normal mitochondria. The Arrhenius-plot characteristics for 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in membranes of diabetic and normal mitochondria were similar. It is assumed that the variation of the assayed enzymes in diabetic mitochondria results from a slow adaptation to the metabolic conditions resulting from diabetes, rather than to insulin deficiency itself.

STUDIES OF PENICILLIN IN PEDIATRICS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-671
Author(s):  
B. M. KAGAN ◽  
M. NIERENBERG ◽  
D. GOLDBERG ◽  
A. MILZER
Keyword(s):  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Peanut Oil ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Procaine Penicillin ◽  
Pertinent Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pediatric Use

Table I summarizes most of the pertinent data in this report on the serum penicillin concentrations 12 and 24 hours after intramuscular injection of K penicillin G in peanut oil and beeswax, which is fluid at room temperature, and of three different procaine penicillin preparations. These three preparations are procaine penicillin G in sesame oil, procaine penicillin G in peanut oil with 2% aluminum monostearate, and procaine penicillin G in water with Na-carboxymethylcellulose. When they were given in a dosage of 8000 u./lb. to infants and children, weighing between 4.5 and 18.0 kg., there was no statistically significant difference in the serum levels obtained. A dosage schedule for these preparations is suggested for pediatric use. The aqueous preparation offers some advantages which are discussed. Experiences are reported which emphasize the necessity of avoiding intravenous administration of all these preparations.

Abstract P189: Method of Cold Saline Storage for Prehospital Induced Hypothermia

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitch Kampmeyer ◽  
Clifton W Callaway
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Prehospital Care ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Induced Hypothermia ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Storage Unit ◽  
Cold Saline ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ambient Room Temperature

Recent research supports the use of cold IV fluid as a method for initiating therapeutic hypothermia in post-cardiac arrest resuscitation. However, prehospital care programs employing this treatment have encountered various difficulties. Barriers to prehospital induced hypothermia protocols include the lack of effective or economically reasonable methods to maintain cold saline in the field. Objective. Determine the time that a standard commercial cooler can maintain two 1-liter normal saline solution (NSS) bags below 4°C in 3 different environments. Methods. Environments simulating an ambulance compartment were created for the experiment. NSS temperatures were continuously recorded inside a standard commercial cooler with or without ice packs (IPs) under one of three scenarios: ambient room temperature (25°C) without (IPs), ambient room temperature with IPs and 50°C ambient temperature with IPs. Four trials under each condition were performed. Time to warm to 4°C was compared using Kaplan-Meier log rank test. Results. In a room temperature environment with IPs, the NSS warmed to 4°C in a mean interval of 29 hrs 53 mins versus in ambient room temperature without IPs (1 hr 21 mins) versus in constant hot environment of 50°C with IPs (10 hrs 50 mins). A significant difference was found between the three environments (log-rank =17.90, dF =2, p =0.0001). Conclusions. Low technology methods in the form of a cooler and IPs can provide cold NSS storage for longer than a full 24 hour shift in a room temperature ambulance. In hot ambient conditions, 4°C NSS can be maintained for nearly 11 hours using this method. This model exhibits an economical, easily deployable cold saline storage unit.

scholarly journals Measurement of Midregional Proadrenomedullin in Plasma with an Immunoluminometric Assay

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 1823-1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils G Morgenthaler ◽  
Joachim Struck ◽  
Christine Alonso ◽  
Andreas Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Edta Plasma ◽  
Technical Evaluation ◽  
Reliable Quantification

Abstract Background: Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a potent vasodilatory peptide, and circulating concentrations have been described for several disease states, including dysfunction of the cardiovascular system and sepsis. Reliable quantification has been hampered by the short half-life, the existence of a binding protein, and physical properties. Here we report the technical evaluation of an assay for midregional pro-ADM (MR-proADM) that does not have these problems. Methods: MR-proADM was measured in a sandwich immunoluminometric assay using 2 polyclonal antibodies to amino acids 45–92 of proADM. The reference interval was defined in EDTA plasma of 264 healthy individuals (117 male, 147 female), and increased MR-proADM concentrations were found in 95 patients with sepsis and 54 patients with cardiovascular disease. Results: The assay has an analytical detection limit of 0.08 nmol/L, and the interassay CV was <20% for values >0.12 nmol/L. The assay was linear on dilution with undisturbed recovery of the analyte. EDTA-, heparin-, and citrate-plasma samples were stable (<20% loss of analyte) for at least 3 days at room temperature, 14 days at 4 °C, and 1 year at −20 °C. MR-proADM values followed a gaussian distribution in healthy individuals with a mean (SD) of 0.33 (0.07) nmol/L (range, 0.10–0.64 nmol/L), without significant difference between males or females. The correlation coefficient for MR-proADM vs age was 0.50 (P <0.001). MR-proADM was significantly (P <0.001) increased in patients with cardiovascular disease [median (range), 0.56 (0.08–3.9) nmol/L] and patients with sepsis [3.7 (0.72–25.4) nmol/L]. Conclusions: MR-proADM is stable in plasma of healthy individuals and patients. MR-proADM measurements may be useful for evaluating patients with sepsis, systemic inflammation, or heart failure.

scholarly journals Effect of Ocimum gratissimum L. on Growth and Egg Size of Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica, Temmick)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Asolo Chioma Helen ◽  
Okeke John Joseph ◽  
Okafor Ukamaka Elizabeth ◽  
Mmayie Francis Nnamdi ◽  
Okpoko Obinna Valentine
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Percentage Weight

There is need to look for ingredients to be added to the poultry feed used to raise quail birds for better results on the birds and to enhance quail farming in Nigeria. Aim: This study was carried out to conduct a twelve weeks feeding trial to determine the effect of feeding varying levels of Ocimum gratissimum on growth, egg size using  two (2) weeks old Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty birds were allocated to four dietary treatment groups with three (3) replicates of ten (10) birds each in a completely randomized design experiment with feeding ratio of Control (C) containing 0 g/kg; T1, 20 g/kg; T2, 40 g/kg and T3, 60 g/kg of dried and ground Ocimum gratissimum. Feed and water were provided ad libitum throughout the experimental period. Results: The result obtained showed that for Weight gain (WG), Percentage weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SRG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), the T1, (20 g/kg) had the highest values (122.56 g, 234%, 0.623 and 23.49 respectively) while T3, (60 g/kg) had the least values (81.92 g, 156%, 0.487, 34.92 respectively) as a result of weight loss. But the C, (0 g/kg) had the highest value of 9.149 for protein efficiency ratio (PER) as T3, (60 g/kg) had the least value (5.535). T2, (40 g/kg) had the highest values for mean egg weight, length, width (10.01, 8.77 and 7.81 respectively) while T1, (20 g/kg) had the least values (8.84, 7.63 and 6.70 respectively). Weight gain, feed utilization indices and egg size were the response criteria that were monitored, recorded and subjected to Anova and T-test. There were significant difference (P≤0.05) observed for mean weight gain, percentage weight gain, specific growth rate, food conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, circumference of the widest point of the eggs at long axis (length) while no significant difference (P>0.05) were observed for weight of eggs and circumference of the widest point of the eggs at short axis (width). Conclusion: From this study, quail birds fed T1, (20 g/kg) gave the results with no negative effect on the birds and can be recommended in Japanese quail diets.

scholarly journals Determining the most effective common household disinfection method to reduce the microbial load on domestic dishcloths: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Emily Gillies
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
High Power ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Disinfection Methods ◽  
Significant Difference

The domestic dishcloth has been shown to be the most contaminated item in the domestic kitchen, reported to contain up to 108 bacteria for up to 48 hours. Their smooth texture and large surface area allow bacteria to be transferred to kitchen surfaces easily, presenting a greater risk of cross-contamination and potentially contributing to foodborne illness. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the most effective method to decrease the aerobic colony count (ACC) present on contaminated dishcloths. Dishcloths were inoculated in a beef slurry for 48 hours at room temperature. Contaminated dishcloths were subjected to 1-minute treatments of 10% bleach solution, lemon juice, vinegar, tap water, and microwaving. Serial dilutions were plated and incubated at 37°C overnight. Three replicates were produced, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Although treatments of 10% bleach solution and vinegar showed reduced ACC growth, no growth was identified after microwaving dishcloths for 1 minute on high power. There was no significant difference identified between the tap water and lemon juice treatments. Given that this is the first study conducted directly comparing different disinfection methods for dishcloths, microwaving dishcloths on high power for 1 minute can be recommended to disinfect domestic dishcloths and reduce cross-contamination within the home.

scholarly journals Effect of partial replacement of fishmeal with Eichhornia crassipes on growth and survival of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) juveniles

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1659-1662
Author(s):  
M. R. Patel ◽  
K. H. Vadher ◽  
R. R. Mer ◽  
K. G. Baraiya ◽  
K. V. Tandel
Keyword(s):  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Significant Difference

The objective of the study was to find out the effect of partial replacement of fish meal in the diet of Labeo rohita juveniles. In this experiment, the data pertaining to growth, survival rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio of L. rohita at partial replacement of fishmeal with E. crassipes were evaluated. For that purpose fry of approximately equal weight (57.97mg ± 1.25) were distributed in groups of 15 to each four aquaria at 0% (T1), 10% (T2), 20% (T3), 30% (T4) and 40% (T5) inclusion levels of aquatic macrophyte, Eichhornia crassipes. Maximum mean weight gain (235.25 ± 11.04 mg) was observed in T1 and minimum (165.06 ± 10.93 mg) was observed in T5 at the end of the experiment. Among the treatments tested, the highest survival (89.99% ± 1.93) was recorded in treatment T1 and minimum was found in T4 (79.99% ± 2.72). Lowest FCR was recorded in treatment T3 (2.02 ± 0.39) and highest was found in T5 (3.08 ± 0.59). Higher SGR was observed in treatment T1 (297.15 ± 18.78%) and minimum was observed in T5 (182.74 ± 18.45%). The study revealed a decrease in the growth performance indices as the percentage of water hyacinth increases. In present study also there was not much difference in growth rate upto 20% incorporation of E. crassipes in the diet. Also, significant difference was observed among treatments with respect to feed utilization (P<0.05).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document