scholarly journals Multimarker Screening of Oxidative Stress in Aging

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Syslová ◽  
Adéla Böhmová ◽  
Miloš Mikoška ◽  
Marek Kuzma ◽  
Daniela Pelclová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Physiological Concentration ◽  
Stress Theory ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Theory Of Aging ◽  
Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress

Aging is a complex process of organism decline in physiological functions. There is no clear theory explaining this phenomenon, but the most accepted one is the oxidative stress theory of aging. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, substances, which are formed during oxidative damage of phospholipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, are present in body fluids of diseased people as well as the healthy ones (in a physiological concentration). 8-isoprostaglandin F2αis the most prominent biomarker of phospholipid oxidative damage,o-tyrosine, 3-chlorotyrosine, and 3-nitrotyrosine are biomarkers of protein oxidative damage, and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and 8-hydroxyguanosine are biomarkers of oxidative damage of nucleic acids. It is thought that the concentration of biomarkers increases as the age of people increases. However, the concentration of biomarkers in body fluids is very low and, therefore, it is necessary to use a sensitive analytical method. A combination of HPLC and MS was chosen to determine biomarker concentration in three groups of healthy people of a different age (twenty, forty, and sixty years) in order to find a difference among the groups.

An integrated view of oxidative stress in aging: basic mechanisms, functional effects, and pathological considerations

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. R18-R36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Kregel ◽  
Hannah J. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Stress Theory ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Critical Aspects

Aging is an inherently complex process that is manifested within an organism at genetic, molecular, cellular, organ, and system levels. Although the fundamental mechanisms are still poorly understood, a growing body of evidence points toward reactive oxygen species (ROS) as one of the primary determinants of aging. The “oxidative stress theory” holds that a progressive and irreversible accumulation of oxidative damage caused by ROS impacts on critical aspects of the aging process and contributes to impaired physiological function, increased incidence of disease, and a reduction in life span. While compelling correlative data have been generated to support the oxidative stress theory, a direct cause-and-effect relationship between the accumulation of oxidatively mediated damage and aging has not been strongly established. The goal of this minireview is to broadly describe mechanisms of in vivo ROS generation, examine the potential impact of ROS and oxidative damage on cellular function, and evaluate how these responses change with aging in physiologically relevant situations. In addition, the mounting genetic evidence that links oxidative stress to aging is discussed, as well as the potential challenges and benefits associated with the development of antiaging interventions and therapies.

scholarly journals Effects of Caloric Restriction on Cardiac Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Bioenergetics: Potential Role of Cardiac Sirtuins

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Shinmura
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Free Radical Theory ◽  
Radical Theory ◽  
Stress Theory

The biology of aging has not been fully clarified, but the free radical theory of aging is one of the strongest aging theories proposed to date. The free radical theory has been expanded to the oxidative stress theory, in which mitochondria play a central role in the development of the aging process because of their critical roles in bioenergetics, oxidant production, and regulation of cell death. A decline in cardiac mitochondrial function associated with the accumulation of oxidative damage might be responsible, at least in part, for the decline in cardiac performance with age. In contrast, lifelong caloric restriction can attenuate functional decline with age, delay the onset of morbidity, and extend lifespan in various species. The effect of caloric restriction appears to be related to a reduction in cellular damage induced by reactive oxygen species. There is increasing evidence that sirtuins play an essential role in the reduction of mitochondrial oxidative stress during caloric restriction. We speculate that cardiac sirtuins attenuate the accumulation of oxidative damage associated with age by modifying specific mitochondrial proteins posttranscriptionally. Therefore, the distinct role of each sirtuin in the heart subjected to caloric restriction should be clarified to translate sirtuin biology into clinical practice.

scholarly journals Plasma Protein Carbonyls as Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease, Dialysis, and Transplantation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziano Colombo ◽  
Francesco Reggiani ◽  
Claudio Angelini ◽  
Silvia Finazzi ◽  
Emanuela Astori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Ckd Progression ◽  
Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress

Accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress plays a role in the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its progression; during renal replacement therapy, oxidative stress-derived oxidative damage also contributes to the development of CKD systemic complications, such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, atherosclerosis, inflammation, anaemia, and impaired host defence. The main mechanism underlying these events is the retention of uremic toxins, which act as a substrate for oxidative processes and elicit the activation of inflammatory pathways targeting endothelial and immune cells. Due to the growing worldwide spread of CKD, there is an overwhelming need to find oxidative damage biomarkers that are easy to measure in biological fluids of subjects with CKD and patients undergoing renal replacement therapy (haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation), in order to overcome limitations of invasive monitoring of CKD progression. Several studies investigated biomarkers of protein oxidative damage in CKD, including plasma protein carbonyls (PCO), the most frequently used biomarker of protein damage. This review provides an up-to-date overview on advances concerning the correlation between plasma protein carbonylation in CKD progression (from stage 1 to stage 5) and the possibility that haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation improve plasma PCO levels. Despite the fact that the role of plasma PCO in CKD is often underestimated in clinical practice, emerging evidence highlights that plasma PCO can serve as good biomarkers of oxidative stress in CKD and substitutive therapies. Whether plasma PCO levels merely serve as biomarkers of CKD-related oxidative stress or whether they are associated with the pathogenesis of CKD complications deserves further evaluation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of radical scavenging system in amoeba Chaos carolinense during nutrient deprivation

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 20160113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuru Deng ◽  
Edlyn Li-Hui Lee ◽  
Ketpin Chong ◽  
Zakaria A. Almsherqi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Biological Macromolecules

The frequent appearance of non-lamellar membrane arrangements such as cubic membranes (CMs) in cells under stressed or pathological conditions points to an intrinsic cellular response mechanism. CM represents highly curved, three-dimensional nano-periodic structures that correspond to mathematically well-defined triply periodic minimal surfaces. Specifically, cellular membrane may transform into CM organization in response to pathological, inflammatory and oxidative stress conditions. CM organization, thus, may provide an advantage to cope with various types of stress. The identification of inducible membrane systems, such as in the mitochondrial inner membranes to cubic morphology upon starvation, opens new avenues for understanding the molecular mechanisms of cellular responses to oxidative stress. In this study, we compared the cellular responses of starved and fed amoeba Chaos carolinense to oxidative stress. Food deprivation from C. carolinense induces a significant increase in prooxidants such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Surprisingly, we observed a significant lower rate of biomolecular damage in starved cells (with higher free radicals generation) when compared with fed cells. Specifically, lipid and RNA damages were significantly less in starved cells compared with fed cells. This observation was not due to the upregulation of intracellular antioxidants, as starved amoeba show reduced antioxidant enzymatic activities; however, it could be attributed to CM formation. CM could uptake and retain short segments of nucleic acids (resembles cellular RNA) in vivo and in vitro. Previous results showed that nucleic acids retained within CM sustain a minimal oxidative damage in vitro upon exposure to high level of superoxide. We thus propose that CM may act as a ‘protective’ shelter to minimize the oxidation of biologically essential macromolecules such as RNA. In summary, we examined enzymatic antioxidant activities as well as oxidative damage biomarkers in starved amoeba C. carolinense in correlation with the potential role of CM as an optimal intracellular membrane organization for the protection of biological macromolecules against oxidative damage.

scholarly journals The Role of Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Aging and Cardiovascular Diseases

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Carmine Izzo ◽  
Paolo Vitillo ◽  
Paola Di Pietro ◽  
Valeria Visco ◽  
Andrea Strianese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stress Theory ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Theory Of Aging ◽  
Cardiovascular Aging ◽  
Primary Risk Factor ◽  
Structure And Functions

Aging can be seen as process characterized by accumulation of oxidative stress induced damage. Oxidative stress derives from different endogenous and exogenous processes, all of which ultimately lead to progressive loss in tissue and organ structure and functions. The oxidative stress theory of aging expresses itself in age-related diseases. Aging is in fact a primary risk factor for many diseases and in particular for cardiovascular diseases and its derived morbidity and mortality. Here we highlight the role of oxidative stress in age-related cardiovascular aging and diseases. We take into consideration the molecular mechanisms, the structural and functional alterations, and the diseases accompanied to the cardiovascular aging process.

scholarly journals Is the oxidative stress theory of aging dead?

2009 ◽  
Vol 1790 (10) ◽  
pp. 1005-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana I. Pérez ◽  
Alex Bokov ◽  
Holly Van Remmen ◽  
James Mele ◽  
Qitao Ran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Theory ◽  
Theory Of Aging
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